Xa usiva 'ingxubevange esekwe kwi-cobalt,' unxulumano olukhawulezileyo ziimeko-bume ezigqithisileyo-iiblayidi ze-injini yejethi, izitywina ze-turbine, iivalvu zobushushu obuphezulu. Akunjalo, kodwa ngumbono olinganiselweyo. Kwiminyaka yam yokujongana nezi zixhobo zamacandelo amashishini, ndibone ukulungiswa kwiispekthi zobushushu kukhokelela kukhetho olungalunganga loyilo. Olona celomngeni lokwenene asikokuba banokububamba ubushushu; kubenza basebenze ngokuthembekileyo kwinkqubo enezinye, izixhobo ezingaqhelekanga, ezijongene nokuhamba ngebhayisekile eshushu, ukugalela, kunye neendleko ezipheleleyo zokufumana ijiyometri echanekileyo. Yinto eyohlwaya iingqikelelo.
I-alloy ayiyondawo yokuQala; Ukusilela ku
Awunakugqiba nje ukusebenzisa i-cobalt-based alloy. Udla ngokunyanzelwa ukuba ungene kuyo. Indawo yokungena eqhelekileyo kukungaphumeleli okuphindaphindiweyo kwi inxalenye yoomatshini yenziwe ngentsimbi eqinile okanye i-nickel alloy. Ndikhumbula umxhasi onomgca wecaster oqhubekayo—imiqulu yabo yokukhokela, eyenziwe ngentsimbi yodidi oluphezulu, yayiguga ngeeveki. Umbandela wawungekokugqabhuka nje; yayiyindibaniselwano yobushushu obuphakathi (malunga ne-600-700 ° C), i-oxidation, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-cyclic olubangela i-micro-cracking. Ukutshintshela kwi-cobalt alloy eqhelekileyo ukusuka kwikhathalogu akuzange kuyisombulule. Iprototype yokuqala, esebenzisa i-Co-6 (iStellite 6), ibonise ukunxiba okungcono kodwa yaqhekeka phantsi komothuko we-thermal. Kwafuneka sibuye umva.
Isifundo yayikukuba i-cobalt-based yintsapho enkulu. Kuloo mqulu, sasifuna ibhalansi. Sifudukele kwialloyi enomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni kunye ne-tungsten yokuxhathisa i-abrasion, kodwa kunye nomlinganiselo we-chromium owenziweyo kunye ne-molybdenum kubomi obungcono bokudinwa kwe-thermal. Sesi senzo sokulinganisa esichaza umsebenzi. Amaxwebhu edatha akunika iimpawu zesiseko, kodwa unxibelelwano kwinkonzo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Awuthengi nje umbandela; uyinjineli yefestile yokusebenza.
Apha kulapho amahlakani exesha elide aqalayo abaluleke kakhulu. Ivenkile egalela nje intsimbi ayisayi kuyisika. Udinga umntu oyiqondayo indlela yokuziphatha yokuqina kwezi ngxubevange-indlela ezithanda ngayo ukukrazula okushushu, ukuba zinovakalelo kangakanani na kubushushu obuthululwayo. Ndisebenze neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY) kwiiprototypes ezininzi. Amashumi amathathu eminyaka eqokobhe kunye notyalo-mali, ngokukodwa kuluhlu ialloys esekwe cobalt njengento ekhethekileyo, kwakuthetha ukuba babesazi ukusebenzisa iimolds ezifudunyezwe kwangaphambili kunye namazinga okupholisa alawulwayo kwiringi yempompo entsonkothileyo esiyiphuhlisileyo. Loo nxalenye yayiza kuqhekeka kwiindawo ezilishumi elinesibini ezinevenkile enamava.
Machining: Apho Iindleko zokwenyani kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu zifihlakele
Wonke umntu unexhala malunga nexabiso lempahla ekrwada ngekhilogram. Ixhala elikrelekrele limalunga neendleko ngetshiphu nganye egqityiweyo. I-Machining cobalt alloys sisilo esahlukileyo. Basebenza nzima ngokukhawuleza. Isixhobo esibuthuntu kancinci okanye isantya sokutya esindlongo-ndlongo asisinxibi nje isixhobo; idala ulusu oluqinileyo kwi-workpiece eyenza ukudlula okulandelayo kuphantse kungenzeki, kudla ngokuyonakalisa inxalenye.
Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwibhetshi yezihlalo zevalvu. Inkqubo ye-CNC esebenze kakuhle kwi-316 i-stainless yaba yintlekele. Ikhokelele kwiindawo ezingxolayo, ezifakelweyo ezaphukileyo, kunye nemilinganiselo ngaphandle kwe-spec. Isisombululo ibingekokucotha nje isantya kunye nokutya. Yayisisicwangciso esipheleleyo sesixhobo: abanini bezixhobo eziqinileyo, amabakala athile e-carbide anencam ezibukhali kunye nerake ezintle, kunye ne-high-pressure coolant ejolise ngokuchanekileyo kwi-cut edge yokulawula ubushushu kunye nokukhupha iitshiphusi. Yinkqubo eneendleko, ephindaphindwayo.
Le yenye indawo apho inkonzo epheleleyo yomenzi ibalulekile. Inkampani efana ne-QSY, ephethe zombini ukuphosa kunye ne CNC Machining endlwini, inenzuzo ebalulekileyo. Banokuyila inkqubo yokuphosa becinga ngomatshini-ukongeza izibonelelo zobuchule zesitokhwe, bethathela ingqalelo iindawo zokulungisa-ngoko ke inxalenye iguquka ukusuka ekugaleleni ekrwada ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo enezandla ezimbalwa kunye nomngcipheko omncinci. Kuthi, oku kudityaniswa kunqumle ixesha lokukhokela kwiqela le-injini ye-injini phantse ngama-30% kuba oomatshini kunye nabasunguli basombulula iingxaki kunye ukusukela kusuku lokuqala.
Umgibe oLungileyo owaneleyo kunye nokuTshintsha kwezinto
Kukho uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lokuthatha indawo. Ngaba asinakusebenzisa i-nickel alloy engabizi kakhulu okanye i-surface coating? Ngamanye amaxesha, ewe. Kodwa kaninzi, luqoqosho lobuxoki. Ndabandakanyeka kwiprojekthi yempompo yokucubungula imichiza apho i-spec ibiza i-Co-28Cr-6Mo i-alloy ye-corrosion yayo edibeneyo kunye nokuchasana kwe-cavitation. Umthengisi ucebise ialloy yenickel-copper ene-welled yealloy ye-cobalt alloy. Ibitshiphu kwasekuqaleni.
Yasilela ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu. Umaleko udelekile. Isifundo yayisesokuba ngamandla, ukuthwala umthwalo amalungu oomatshini ngokuxhomekeke kumajelo eendaba atshabalalisayo kunye ne-corrosive, ipropati ye-homogenous ye-alloy cobalt eqinile ayinakuthathelwa indawo. I-substrate kunye ne-coating iya kuhlala inomda onokuthi ube yindawo yokuqaliswa kokungaphumeleli. Uthatha indawo ngengozi yakho, kwaye idla ngokufuna uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwebala lokuyingqina, nto leyo ebiza ngaphezulu kokuyenza ngokufanelekileyo okokuqala.
Le yinxalenye engundoqo yexabiso lesiphakamiso kwiingcali. Xa uzibandakanya ne-Foundry edwelisa ezi ngxubevange zikhethekileyo njengobuchule obungundoqo, njengokuba ubona Iwebhusayithi ye-QSY, awufikeleli nje kwiziko labo. Ufikelela kumashumi amathathu eminyaka yomgwebo oqokelelweyo malunga nokuba ezi mathiriyeli ziyimfuneko kwaye xa zinokuba zigqithise. Olo ncedo lufakwe kwinkqubo.
I-Case in Point: Impumelelo kunye nombuzo ongapheliyo
Impumelelo ecacileyo yayiyisethi yeepleyiti zokugqoka kwi-shear eshushu kwintsimbi yensimbi. Imekobume yayinoburhalarhume: ukudibana kwamaxesha athile kunye nentsimbi ye-900°C, ukupholisa isitshizi samanzi, kunye nokunxitywa okukhulu kwe-abrasive. Sasebenzisa i-cobalt alloy enomthamo ophezulu we-carbide. Inkqubo yokuphosa ngokubumba iqokobhe e-QSY yayingundoqo-yasinika uzinzo olulinganayo kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu ofunekayo kwinxalenye eyayinokwakheka komnatha ubukhulu becala, icutha umatshini obiza imali eninzi kwezo ndawo ziqinileyo. Amalungu adlule isisombululo sangaphambili ngomlinganiselo wesihlanu. Nantso ke impumelelo uyileqayo.
Kodwa asingawo onke amabali acoceke ngolo hlobo. Kutshanje sivavanye entsha, i-cobalt alloy ye-cobalt yecandelo lesixhobo se-downhole. Yayithembisa ukuxhathisa okumangalisayo. Kwilebhu, yayiyinkanyezi. Ebaleni, yaphuka kumthwalo wokuqala onempembelelo ephezulu. Uvavanyo lokufa lubonise umba onobunzima obuphakathi kwegranular obungabonakali kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-ASTM. Ibeke iprojekthi emva kweenyanga. Sisikhumbuzo sokuba ngezi zixhobo zihambele phambili, akukho nto ithatha indawo yelizwe lokwenyani, inkqubo yokuqinisekiswa kwesicelo esithile. Inzululwazi yezinto eziphathekayo isisiqingatha sebali kuphela.
Ukujonga Phambili: Ukongezwa kunye neJiyometri yekamva
Wonke umntu uthetha malunga nemveliso yokongeza kwezi ngxubevange. Ibamba isithembiso seejometri ezingenakwenzeka-iitshaneli zokupholisa zangaphakathi, izakhiwo ze-lattice. Kodwa okwangoku, kuninzi oluphezulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu i-cobalt-based alloy iinxalenye, ukubunjwa kusengukumkani. Ingqibelelo ye-metallurgical kunye neempawu ze-isotropic zecandelo elifakwe kakuhle linzima ukubetha ngenkqubo ye-layer-by-layer enokuthi ingenise iintlobo ezintsha zeziphene.
Ithe yatsho, siyijongile. Ukukwazi ukuprinta i-preform ekufutshane ne-net-shape ye-nozzle ye-fuel entsonkothileyo kwaye emva koko uyigqibe ngobuchwephesha be-CNC echanekileyo inokuba ngumtshintshi-mdlalo. Ibiya kuyinciphisa kakhulu inkcitho yezinto eziphathekayo. Iinkampani esele zikwazi ukuphosa kunye nokwenza oomatshini, njengeqela laseQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., zimi kakuhle ukuze zidibanise ezo teknoloji xa zikhulela kumacandelo abalulekileyo. Amava abo ngokuziphatha kwemathiriyeli kuzo zombini iimeko ezingamanzi kunye neziqinileyo lulwazi olusisiseko oludingayo ukuze uvavanye nayiphi na inkqubo entsha.
Ngoko, oko kusishiya phi? Iialloyi zeCobalt aziyombumbulu yomlingo. Zisisixhobo esikhethekileyo. Isitshixo sokuzisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo kukuqala ngemowudi yokusilela, hlonipha ubucukubhede bokwenza kunye noomatshini babo, kunye neqabane kunye nabenzi bobuchule abanamava ukubonisa ukuba bayayazi into abayenzayo. Injongo asikokwenza nje inxenye ngealloyi entle; kukwenza icandelo elinyamalalayo kwinkonzo ethembekileyo, engaphazanyiswa. Nguwo lowo umlinganiselo wempumelelo.
