Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'i-DIY metal casting', baba nomfanekiso mfo okwigaraji enyibilikisa iitoti zesoda kwiziko elenziwe ekhaya. Leyo yinguqulelo yothando, kwaye ngokunyaniseka, kulapho abantu abaninzi baqala khona-nam ndiyenzile. Kodwa kukho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi koko kunye nokuvelisa indawo esebenzayo, echanekileyo enomgangatho ongaqhekeki okanye ube ne-porosity efihliweyo. Umsebenzi wokwenene awukho malunga nokufumana ulwelo lwesinyithi; imalunga nokulawula yonke into eyenzekayo ngaphambi nasemva kwaloo mzuzu. Uninzi lwee-tutorials ze-intanethi zitsiba iindawo ezinzima: uyilo lwepateni, iinkqubo zokungena, ukulawula ukucutheka, kunye nonyango lobushushu. Benza ukuba kubonakale ngathi yiprojekthi yempelaveki, kodwa ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezihambelanayo, kufuneka ucinge njengesiseko, nakwinqanaba elincinci.
ISiseko: Iqala (kwaye ihlala isilela) ngePateni
Ukuphosa kwakho kulungile kuphela njengepateni yakho. Ukuphosa isanti, oko kuthetha ukuqonda idrafti, ukugqiba ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokuzinza kwezinto. Ndichithe iiyure ezininzi kunokuba ndikhathalele ukuvuma ukukrola iipateni ezintsonkothileyo emthini, kuphela ukuba zijike ngokufuma okanye zibambeke ngokungenathemba esantini ngexesha le-ram-up. I-Polystyrene foam yokuphosa amagwebu alahlekileyo ibonakala ngathi yindlela emfutshane, kodwa ukulawula ukutshiswa kunye neziphene zegesi ezibangelwa yiyo yonke enye isayensi. Ipateni yiplani, kwaye ukuba icinyiwe, yonke into esezantsi iya kuba njalo. Kulapho uqonda khona ukuba kutheni iimpahla zobuchwephesha zithanda Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY) sebenzisa iipateni ezingoomatshini okanye ubuchule bokwenza umngundo obuphambili kwabo iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kwaye utyalo mali umsebenzi-ukuchaneka kweli nqanaba kuphelisa ihlabathi lentlungu kamva.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwipateni kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwisibiyeli esilula, ipayini inokusebenza. Kwinto eneenkcukacha ezintle okanye efuna ukugalelwa okuninzi, umthi oqinileyo oqinileyo, urethane resin, okanye intsimbi iyafuneka. I-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal yepateni yakho inokuchaphazela ubungakanani bomgodi wokungunda, ngakumbi kwintlabathi ene-resin-bonding. Ziinkcukacha uninzi lwabantu abathanda ukuzilibazisa abakhe bacinge bade bafumane inxalenye engaphantsi kweemilimitha ezimbalwa kwaye bazibuze ukuba kutheni.
Emva koko kukho isango kunye nenkqubo yokunyuka. Eli ayilojelo nje lentsimbi; yi-hydraulic kunye nenethiwekhi yolawulo lobushushu. Ukugalela isinyithi akufani nokugalela amanzi. Iyaphola, iyashwabana, ibamba umoya. Ndifunde oku kabuhlungu ngegiya encinci ye-aluminiyam. Ndenza ipateni entle, ndapakisha umngundo wesanti eluhlaza, ndagalela. Igiya yayikhangeleka igqibelele... ndade ndawumatshini umphezulu ndaza ndafumana umngxuma omkhulu wokushwabana kanye kwingcambu yezinyo. Intsimbi yoqina ukusuka ngaphandle ngaphakathi, kwaye indawo yokugqibela yokuqina-eyona ndawo ishushu-yayingenayo i-reserve yentsimbi engamanzi yokuyityisa. Yiloo nto i- risers iyenzela. Ukuyila ngokuchanekileyo kufuna ukuqonda iimpawu zokuqiniswa kwe-alloy yakho ethile, into evela kumava okanye isifundo esinzulu.
I-Crucible yokunyibilika: i-alloys, iqondo lobushushu kunye ne-atmosphere
Ukunyibilika yinxalenye emangalisayo, kodwa kulula ngenkohliso ukwenza okungalunganga. IAluminiyam ayiyonto nje enye. Ngaba uyanyibilika i-6061 extrusions? 300-series iitoti zesoda? Zinezinto ezahlukeneyo ze-silicon kunye ne-magnesium, echaphazela kakhulu ulwelo, ukuncipha, kunye namandla okugqibela. Ndakhe ndazama ukuphosa umqheba kwiitoti ezinyibilikisiweyo. Umphumo waba yi-brittle, igcwele i-oxides, kwaye ithanda ukukrazuka okushushu. Inqanaba lokungacoceki kwi-aluminiyam yesibini liphezulu, kwaye ngaphandle kwe-degassing kunye nokuguquguquka okufanelekileyo, uphosa nje iingxaki kwindawo.
Ulawulo lobushushu lubalulekile. Kubanda kakhulu, kwaye isinyithi asiyi kuzalisa amacandelo amancinci. Kushushu kakhulu, kwaye unyusa igesi yokufunxa, i-oxidation, kunye nomngcipheko wokutshisa isikhunta sesanti (kwi-greensand). I-pyrometer ayinakuxoxisana ngayo nayiphi na into engaphaya kweyona nto isisiseko. Ngeentsimbi ezifana nentsimbi etyhidiweyo okanye i ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo (i-cobalt-based alloys, i-nickel-based alloys, njl. ukuba iinkampani ezifana ne-QSY zibamba, ulawulo lwe-atmospheric luba lubalulekileyo ekuthinteleni i-oxidation kunye nokulahlekelwa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo ze-alloying. Izicwangciso zabo zemizi-mveliso ezineziko lokungeniswa kunye neendawo ezilawulwayo zikude ngeminyaka yokukhanya kude ne-crucible yamalahle, kwaye ngesizathu esihle.
Ukugalela ngokwako ngumzuzwana wenyaniso. Kufuneka ikhawuleze ngokwaneleyo ukunqanda ukukhenkceza kwangaphambi kwexesha kodwa igudileyo kwaye ingabinasiphithiphithi ukunqanda ukubambisa umoya kunye ne-slag. Ndibone ukugalelwa okuninzi konakaliswe kukugalelwa okungalunganga kunokunyibilika kakubi. Ingqondo iyatshintsha ukusuka ekugaleleni isinyithi ukuya ekugcwaliseni umgodi wokungunda ngendlela elawulwayo. Ngumahluko ofihlakeleyo kodwa obalulekileyo.
Izinto zoMngundo: Ngakumbi kunobumdaka nje
IGreensand liyeza lesango. Ixabiso eliphantsi, linokusetyenziswa kwakhona, kwaye liyaxolela. Kodwa amandla ayo kunye neempawu ze-thermal zinciphisa iinkcukacha kunye nokuchaneka komda onokuthi ufezekise. Ngeempawu ezigqwesileyo, ufudukela kwintlabathi ebotshelelwe ngentlaka (njenge-furan okanye i-phenolic), okanye kumhlaba weceramic. Ukwenziwa kobunjwa beqokobhe, inkqubo engundoqo ye-QSY, isebenzisa isanti egqunywe ngentlaka eyenza iqokobhe elibhityileyo, eliqinileyo elijikeleze ipateni. Inika umphezulu ogqwesileyo wokugqitywa kunye nokuchaneka komda, ulungele ukwenziwa komthamo ophezulu wamalungu amancinci. Ukuzama ukuphindaphinda ukuba ekhaya kunzima-ukujongana nephethini eshushu, umxube we-sand-resin, kunye ne-oven yokunyanga ifuna ukusekwa okuzinikeleyo.
Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali (i-wax elahlekileyo) yinkosi yeenkcukacha. Unokubamba i-textures kunye ne-undercuts engenakwenzeka ngesanti. Inguqulo ye-DIY isebenzisa imixube ye-plaster-silica kutyalo-mali. Ukubanjwa? Ukulawula ukwandiswa kunye nokucutheka zombini iipateni ze-wax kunye neqokobhe le-ceramic ngexesha le-dewaxing kunye nokudubula. Ukuba azihambelani, iqokobhe liyaqhekeka. Emva koko, ngexesha lokuthululela, isinyithi esishushu sibetha igobolondo ye-ceramic ebandayo, enokubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-thermal. Ukufudumeza umngundo kubalulekile, kodwa ukufumana ubushushu obulinganayo ngaphandle kokubukrazula lulungelelwano olubuthathaka. Yinkqubo yokulawula uxinzelelo kwinqanaba ngalinye.
Iingubo ezichasayo kwiziko kunye nezikhenkcezi zingumngxuma wazo womvundla. I-crucible clay-graphite crucible iya kuthotywa ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-alloys ethile, ingcolise ukunyibilika kwakho. Ukugquma iziko elenziwe ekhaya ngomxube ongalunganga we-refractory kunokukhokelela kukusilela okuyintlekele-ndiye ndathamba kwaye ndawa ngexesha lokunyibilika, nto leyo eyingozi njengoko ivakala. Inzululwazi yezinto ezisemva kokungunda kunye neendaba ezichasayo luqeqesho ngokwalo.
Xa Izinto Zingahambi kakuhle: Inyani Yeziphene
I-shrinkage porosity, imigodi yegesi, i-cold shuts, i-inclusions, i-misruns, iinyembezi ezishushu-isigama sokungaphumeleli sibanzi. Sonke isiphene sibalisa ibali malunga noko kungahambi kakuhle kwinkqubo. Umngxuma emenyezelayo, ongqukuva ngaphakathi kwendawo? Leyo yirhasi porosity, ekunokwenzeka ukuba isuka kukufuma kwisingundo okanye i-hydrogen enyityilisiweyo ekunyibilikeni. Umngxuma ongaqhelekanga, onesiponji? Kukucutheka oko, yingxaki yokondla. Umthungo obonakalayo kumphezulu apho iintsimbi ezimbini zangaphambili zadibana khona kodwa zingadibani? Oko kukuvalwa okubandayo, okuthetha ukuba intsimbi yayipholile kakhulu okanye ukugalela kwakucotha kakhulu.
Ukulungisa le miba kulapho ithiyori idibana nokusebenza. Ikunyanzela ukuba ujonge yonke into eguquguqukayo: ukufuma kwesanti, ukuqina komngundo, ubushushu bokuthulula, ukwakheka kwealloyi, uyilo lokungena. Kunqabile ukuba kubekho impendulo enye. Ngokomzekelo, ukuvala okubandayo kunokulungiswa ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, kodwa oko kunokwazisa iingxaki zegesi. Ngoko mhlawumbi kufuneka uhlengahlengise amasango ukuba abe mkhulu okanye utshintshe indawo yawo ukuphucula ukuhamba kwesinyithi. Lo mba uphindaphindayo, wokusombulula ingxaki yeyona ntliziyo yokwenyani DIY metal casting. Yiyo loo nto le nkqubo iyakhobokisa kwaye iyakhathaza. Awenzi nxaxheba nje; uyinjineli okwethutyana, inkqubo elahlayo (umngundo) ukuyidala.
Lo ngumahluko omkhulu phakathi kwemveliso ye-hobbyist kunye neyeshishini. Inkampani efana QSY, kunye namashumi eminyaka ukuphosa kunye nomatshini, ibone zonke iziphene ezinokwenzeka kwaye ineenkqubo ezisemgangathweni, ukuhlolwa komgangatho, kunye nokuthunyelwa kweposi CNC Machining ukulungisa iinxaxhi ezincinci okanye ukongeza ukuchaneka. Umsebenzi wabo kunye intsimbi, intsimbi, intsimbi engenasici yongeza iileya ezintsonkothileyo malunga namanqaku okunyibilika, ukunyibilika, kunye namazinga okuncipha anokuthi uninzi lwe-DIYers lungaze luwachukumise.
I-Post-Casting Grind: Ukugqiba kuyinxalenye yeNkqubo
Ukubunjwa kuphuma kwisikhunta, kwaye umsebenzi wenziwe isiqingatha. Unezitshizi, amasango, nezinyusi zokuwunqumla. Emva koko kukho ukusila, ukugalela, kunye nonyango olunokubakho lobushushu. Ukusika amasango nge-angle grinder kuqondile, kodwa kufuneka ulumke ungagawuli inxalenye okanye uvelise ukushisa okwaneleyo ukuguqula i-microstructure, ngakumbi kwiintsimbi zesixhobo okanye i-alloys eqinisa umoya.
Unyango lobushushu bubugcisa obumnyama bomntu ongaqalwanga. I-alloys ye-Aluminiyam efana ne-A356 idinga unyango lobushushu kunye nokuguga (i-T6 temper) ukufikelela kumandla abo apheleleyo. Kwintsimbi, unokufuna ukuqheleka, ukucima, ukucima, kunye nomsindo. Ukwenza oku kungalunganga kunokwenza i-casting ibonakale igqibelele ibe brittle okanye ithambe kakhulu. Ifuna i-kiln elawulwayo kunye nolwazi lwe-time-temperature-transformation (TTT) imizobo ye-alloy yakho ethile. Uninzi lweeprojekthi ze-DIY zimisa kwi-as-cast state, ethi kwiindawo ezininzi isebenze kakuhle kodwa ayilunganga.
Ekugqibeleni, kukho umatshini. Zimbalwa kakhulu ii-castings ezinokwakheka komnatha. Umphezulu othweleyo unokufuna ukuphethulwa, imingxuma inokufuna ukugrunjwa nokucofa, okanye ubuso obuxhomileyo busenokufuna ukuguba. Apha kulapho kudityaniswa khona ukuphosa kunye nomatshini, njengoko kubonwa kwiziko lomnikezeli wenkonzo epheleleyo (ungabona imizekelo yendlela yabo edibeneyo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), inamandla kakhulu. Banokuyila indawo kunye nezibonelelo zomatshini engqondweni ukusuka ekuqaleni, bayiphose, baze bayigqibe ukunyamezelwa okuchanekileyo endlwini. Kwi-DIY caster, oku kuhlala kuthetha okwesibini, ukuntywila ngokulinganayo kwimanuwali okanye kwi-CNC machining ukwenza ukuphosa kusebenziseke ngokwenene.
Ngoko, DIY metal casting lisango. Iqala ngesinyithi esinyibilikayo, kodwa ukuba unamathela kuyo, ikutsalela kwisayensi yezinto, i-fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, kunye noyilo lomatshini. Ikuthobisa ngokusilela kwaye ikuvuze ngokwaneliseka okunzulu kokubamba into entsonkothileyo, eyomeleleyo yentsimbi oyenzileyo kwizinto ezikrwada kunye nolwazi. Umsantsa phakathi kokugalelwa ngasemva kweyadi kunye nokuphoswa kwemizi-mveliso ayisosikali nje esinye; kukuqhubekeka kolawulo, ukuqonda kunye nokucokisa. Kwaye lo ngowona mceli mngeni-kwaye ulonwabo lokwenyani-kukho konke.
