Iimpembelelo ze-Elements kwii-alloys kwiiPropati zoomatshini 

Ukongezwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zetsimbi kwi-alloy kunokuchaphazela kakhulu iimpawu zayo zomatshini (njengamandla, ubunzima, i-ductility, ukuqina, ukuxhathisa ukubola, njl.).

Ezi zilandelayo ziindima zezinto eziqhelekileyo zetsimbi kwii-alloys kunye nemiphumo yazo kwiipropati zoomatshini:

1.Ikhabhoni (C)

(1).Sebenzisa: Ikakhulu ifunyenwe kwintsimbi kunye nentsimbi, ukwenza i-carbides ngentsimbi (njenge-Fe3C).

(2).Impembelelo:

①.Amandla/Ubulukhuni: Ukunyuka kwekhabhoni umxholo kwandisa kakhulu ubunzima kunye namandla (okufana ne-carbon steel high), kodwa ubuninzi obugqithisileyo bunokukhokelela kwi-brittleness.

②.Ductility: Ukuphakama komxholo wekhabhoni, iyancipha i-ductility kunye nokuqina.

③.Ukuwelda: Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu ineempawu ezimbi ze-welding.

2.Chromium (Cr)

(1).Sebenzisa: Into ephambili yensimbi engenasici (efana ne-304, i-316) kunye nesixhobo sensimbi.

(2).Impembelelo:

①.Ukumelana nokuMdla: Yenza ifilimu ye-oxide ye-passive (Cr2O3) ukuphucula ukuxhathisa i-oxidation kunye nokumelana nokubola.

②.Ubulukhuni/Amandla: Yenza i-carbides enekhabhoni (efana ne-Cr23C6) ukuphucula ubulukhuni kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.

③.Ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu: Yongeza amandla obushushu obuphezulu (afana nentsimbi ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu).

3.Nickel (Ni)

(1).Izicelo: insimbi engenasici (efana ne-304), i-alloys ephezulu yokushisa (njenge-Inconel) kunye ne-corrosion resistant alloys.

(2).Impembelelo:

①.Ukuqina: Ukuphucula ukuqina kobushushu obuphantsi kunye ne-ductility (efana nentsimbi ye-nickel kwiimeko zobushushu obuphantsi).

②.Ukumelana nokuMdla: Yongeza ukuchasana ne-acids kunye ne-alkalis.

③.Uzinzo lweAustenite: Kwinsimbi engenasici, isebenzisana nechromium ukwenza i-austenitic structure (njenge-304 steel).

4.Molybdenum (Mo)

(1).Izicelo: amandla aphezulu ensimbi (njenge-4140), insimbi engenasici (efana ne-316) kunye ne-alloys ephezulu yokushisa.

(2).Impembelelo:

①.Amandla/ukuxhathisa ubushushu: Ukuphucula amandla obushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunyuka.

②.Ukumelana nokuMdla: Ukwandisa ukuxhathisa kwi-corrosion yoxinzelelo lwe-chloride (njenge-316 yensimbi engenasici).

③.Ukucokiswa kweenkozo: Ukuphucula ukuqina.

5.Manganese (Mn)

(1).Izicelo: carbon steel (ezifana A36), amandla aphezulu low alloy steel (HSLA) kunye austenitic manganese steel (ezifana Hadfield steel).

(2).Impembelelo:

①.Ukukhutshwa kwe-oxidation/i-desulfurization: Yehlisa iziphumo ezinobungozi zesulfure (ifomu i-MnS endaweni ye-FeS).

②.Ukuqina: Iphucula ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokunxiba (umzekelo, intsimbi ephezulu yemanganese yeebhakethi zokwemba).

③.Uzinzo lweAustenite: Ukutshintshwa kwe-nickel kwintsimbi yentsimbi.

6.Isilicon (Si)

(1).Ukusetyenziswa: Intsimbi yasentwasahlobo (umzekelo, i-65Mn), intsimbi yombane, kunye ne-alloys ye-aluminium (umzekelo, i-4xxx series).

(2).Impembelelo:

①.Amandla/ukuqina: Ukuphucula amandla kunye nomda we-elastic wentsimbi (umzekelo, i-silicon-manganese spring steel).

②.I-Deoxidizer: Isusa ioksijini ngexesha lokwenziwa kwentsimbi.

③.Iimpawu zemagneti: Iphucula amandla ombane entsimbi yombane.

7.Aluminiyam (Al)

(1).Ukusetyenziswa: I-aluminium alloys (umz. 6061), i-alloys ephezulu yokushisa (umz. Fe-Cr-Al), kunye ne-deoxidizers.

(2).Impembelelo:

①.Ukukhanya: Ukunciphisa ubuninzi (i-aluminium alloys malunga ne-2/3 ilula kunentsimbi).

②.Ukumelana nokuMdla: Iifom ze-Al2O3 ifilimu yokukhusela.

③.Ukucokiswa kweenkozo: Ithintela ukukhula kweenkozo kwintsimbi.

8.Titanium (Ti)

(1).Izicelo: Iingxube ze-Titanium (umzekelo, i-Ti-6Al-4V), iintsimbi ezingenasici (umz. 321), kunye ne-alloys ephezulu yokushisa.

(2).Impembelelo:

①.Umlinganiselo wamandla/ubunzima: Iialloyi ze-Titanium zinamandla athile aphezulu kakhulu.

②.Ukumelana nokuMdla: Ixhathisa amanzi olwandle kunye ne-chloride corrosion.

③.Ukwenziwa kweCarbide: Ukulungisa i-carbon kwintsimbi ukuthintela ukubola kwe-intergranular (umzekelo, i-321 insimbi engenasici).

9.Ubhedu (Cu)

(1).Izicelo: Ubhedu (Cu-Zn), ubhedu (Cu-Sn), kunye ne-precipitation-hardening steels (umz. 17-4PH).

(2).Impembelelo:

①.Ukumelana nokuMdla: Ukuphucula ukuxhathisa kwi-atmospheric corrosion (umz. intsimbi yemozulu).

②.Umbane/i-thermal conductivity: I-alloys yobhedu ine-conductivity egqwesileyo yombane.

③.Ukuqinisa imvula: Iifom ze-ε-Cu isigaba kwintsimbi (umzekelo, i-17-4PH insimbi engenasici).

10.Vanadium (V)

(1).Izicelo: Iintsimbi zesixhobo (umzekelo, i-D2), i-high-power low-alloy steels (HSLA).

(2).Impembelelo:

①.Ukucolwa kweenkozo: Ukuqulunqwa kweekhabhonitrides (ezifana neVC) ukuthintela ukukhula kweenkozo.

②.Amandla/ukuqina: Ukuphucula amandla ngelixa ugcina ukuqina (okufana ne-HSLA yensimbi).

11.Tungsten (W)

(1).Izicelo: Intsimbi yesantya esiphezulu (efana ne-M2), i-carbide ene-cemented (WC-Co) kunye ne-alloys ephezulu yokushisa.

(2).Impembelelo:

①.Ubunzulu bobushushu obuphezulu: Ukuqulunqwa kwee-carbides ezinxitywayo (ezifana ne-W2C).

②.Ubulukhuni obubomvu: Intsimbi enesantya esiphezulu igcina ubulukhuni kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

12.Zinc (Zn)

(1).Izicelo: Insimbi ye-galvanized (ukuthintela ukugqwala), ubhedu (Cu-Zn) kunye ne-aluminium alloys (njenge-7xxx series).

(2).Impembelelo:

①.Ukhuseleko lwe-anode yomnikelo: I-zinc layer ikhusela i-matrix yentsimbi.

②.Amandla: Yenza isigaba sokuqinisa kwi-aluminium alloys (efana neZn-Mg-Cu, i-7075 aluminium alloy).

Isishwankathelo: Impembelelo engundoqo yezinto kwiipropati zomatshini

Ngokulungelelanisa umxholo kunye nokudibanisa kwezi zinto, i-alloys inokuthi yenziwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile (ezifana ne-steel-high-high-steel, i-alloys-resistant-resistant alloys, okanye i-alloys ephezulu yokushisa).