Stainless Steel 304 (edla ngokubhalwa njenge SUS304 okanye AISI304) yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwaye isetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi iaustenitic stainless steel emhlabeni. Ibakala layo laseTshayina yi-06Cr19Ni10. Oku kulandelayo kunika inkcazo eneenkcukacha yokwakheka kweekhemikhali, iipropathi zoomatshini, kunye nemimandla yokusetyenziswa kweStainless Steel 304.
I. Ukwakheka kweMichiza engundoqo
Ukumelana nokugqwala kunye neepropathi zoomatshini ze-Stainless Steel 304 zichongwa kukwakheka kwayo kweekhemikhali ezichanekileyo. Uluhlu oluphambili lokuqulunqwa (ngokwe-ASTM A240standard) lulandelayo:
| Isiqalelo | Uluhlu lwesiqulatho (wt%) | Umsebenzi ongundoqo |
| I-Chromium (Cr) | 18.0–20.0% | Isiqalelo esingundoqo: Yenza ifilimu eshinyeneyo yechromium oxide, ebonelela ngeempawu "ezingenasici" kunye nokumelana nomhlwa. |
| I-Nickel (Ni) | 8.0–10.5% | Into ephambili: Uzinzisa ulwakhiwo lwe-austenitic, lubonelela ngokuqina okugqwesileyo, okungeyo-magnetism, ukuwelda, kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa. |
| Ikhabhoni (C) | ≤0.08% | Yandisa amandla. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni unokukhokelela ngokulula kwi-corrosion ye-intergranular emva kwe-welding, ekhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwe-304L ye-low-carbon version. |
| IManganese (Mn) | ≤2.0% | Ukuphucula amandla kunye nokuthatha indawo yendima yenikeli. |
| Isilicon (Si) | ≤0.75% | Isebenza njenge-deoxidizer kwaye iphucula amandla obushushu obuphezulu. |
| Iphosphorus (P) | ≤0.045% | Ukungcola, kufuna ulawulo (ukunciphisa ubunzima). |
| Isulfure (S) | ≤0.030% | Ukungcola, kufuna ulawulo (kuchaphazela ukusebenza okushushu). |
| I-nitrogen (N) | ≤0.10% | Inokuphucula amandla, ngakumbi kwi-304L. |
| Intsimbi (Fe) | Ibhalansi | Isiseko sesinyithi. |
Umahluko kukwakheka kweekhemikhali zamabakala aphumayo:
304L: ICarbon (C) ≤ 0.03%, ukunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko we-weld sensitization.
304H: I-Carbon (C) 0.04-0.10%, eyenzelwe ukuphucula amandla aphezulu okushisa kunye nokusebenza kwe-creep.
II. Iipropati zoomatshini eziqhelekileyo
Iipropathi zomatshini eziqhelekileyo zegumbi-ubushushu bentsimbi ye-Stainless Steel 304 kwimeko yesisombululo (eyona meko ixhaphakileyo enikezelweyo) yile ilandelayo:
| Isalathisi sokuSebenza | Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo | Ingcaciso |
| Amandla Okuqina | ≥515 MPa | Awona mandla obunzima obuphezulu into inokumelana phambi kokwaphuka. |
| Isivuno Amandla (0.2% isaphulelo) | ≥205 MPa | Inqaku loxinzelelo apho izinto ziqala ukutshatyalaliswa ngokusisigxina. |
| Elongation (50mm ubude begeyiji) | ≥40% | Isalathisi esingundoqo: Ubude obuphezulu kakhulu bubonisa iplastiki egqwesileyo kunye nokuqina, okwenza kube lula ukwenza iinkqubo zokubumba ezibandayo njengokuzoba nzulu kunye nokugoba. |
| Ukuqina (uBrinell Hardness HB) | ≤201 HB | Ubulukhuni obuncinci, obubonisa ukuthambekela okubalulekileyo kokuqina komsebenzi (kuba nzima ngakumbi ngexesha lomatshini). |
| Imodyuli yeElasticity | ~193 GPA | Ngokufana ne-carbon steel, umlinganiselo wobunzima bezinto eziphathekayo. |
| Ukuxinana | ~7.93 g/cm³ | Ingaphantsi kancinci kunentsimbi yekhabhoni. |
Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo:
I-non-magnetic: Ayinamagnetic ikwimeko efakwe ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokusebenza okubandayo (okufana nokusika, ukugoba, ukunyathela), enye i-austenite inokuguqula ibe yi-martensite, ekhokelela kwi-magnetism ebuthathaka. Ubunyani akufunekanga bugwetywe kuphela nguzibuthe.
Ukusebenza nzima: Ngokukhawuleza iba nzima kwaye yomelele ngexesha lokusebenza okubandayo, kodwa iplastiki iyancipha. Ukubunjwa okuntsonkothileyo kunokufuna ukuthotywa okuphakathi.
III. Imiba yeSicelo esiPhambili
Ngombulelo ekusebenzeni kwayo okuhle kakhulu, iStainless Steel 304 isetyenziswa phantse kuwo onke amasimi obomi bemihla ngemihla:
| Indawo yosetyenziso | Isicelo esikhethekileyo | Izizathu zokukhetha 304 |
| Ukupheka kunye neshishini lokutya | Iimbiza, izitya, izitya, iisinki, ii-countertops; izixhobo zokulungisa ukutya, iitanki zokugcina, imibhobho, izixhobo zokutya. | Ukhuseleko kunye noCoceko: Ukumelana nokubola, kulula ukuyicoca, akukho nto iyingozi ephumayo (ibakala lokutya). |
| Architecture & Decoration | Iindonga zamakhethini, iintsimbi zocango/iifestile, iintsimbi zezandla, imihombiso yeelevator, uphahla, amacandelo esakhiwo. | Ubuhle kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide: Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokugqitywa komphezulu (ibrashi, isipili, i-sandblasted), ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kwi-atmospheric corrosion, ubomi obude. |
| Izixhobo zoShishino kunye neeMichiza | Amatanki okugcina, oomatshini bokutshintshisa ubushushu, imibhobho, iinqanawa ze-reactor (kwimithombo yeendaba ezingadleki kakhulu), oomatshini belaphu/amaphepha. | Ukumelana nokuNgquba Jikelele: Ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lweekhemikhali kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo zemizi-mveliso, ukusebenza kakuhle. |
| IziXhobo zaseKhaya | Amagubu oomatshini bokuhlamba, iilitha zesifudumezi-manzi, iikhayingi zeoveni yemicrowave, iilitha zesikhenkcisi, izinto zangaphakathi zokuhlamba izitya. | Ukumelana nokufuma / ukubola komphunga, ukukholisa ngobuhle, ukomelela okuphezulu. |
| Ezothutho | Ukucutha isithuthi, ingaphakathi lezothutho lukaloliwe, amacandelo eekhonteyina, amacandelo enkqubo yokukhupha. | Ukumelana nemozulu elungileyo, kulungele ukwenza kunye ne-welding. |
| EzoNyango kunye nezoNyango | (Ifuna unyango oluthile lomphezulu) Iziseko zezixhobo zotyando, izindlu zezixhobo ezingezona iintsholongwane, iindawo zoqhagamshelwano ezingekho ngundoqo kwizixhobo zokwenza amayeza. | Kulula ukucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane, ukumelana nezibulali ntsholongwane eziqhelekileyo. |
| Amandla kunye nokusiNgqongileyo | Iiyunithi zokususa irhasi yeflue, amacandelo angengowondoqo kwiplanti yamandla enyukliya, izibiyeli zokuxhoma kwiphaneli yelanga. | Ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezinobume obuphakathi. |
IV. Isishwankathelo
I-Stainless Steel 304, ngenxa yokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezilungeleleneyo (18/8 chromium-nickel), inika ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokugqwala, ukwakheka okungenakulinganiswa, kunye ne-weldability, iyenza ibe yinyani "yentsimbi yendalo yonke." Lolona khetho lunoqoqosho kunye noluthembekileyo kuninzi lweendawo eziqhelekileyo. Kuphela xa ujongene neendawo eziphezulu ze-chloride (ezinjengamanzi olwandle, ityuwa ye-icing) okanye imidiya yekhemikhali eyonakalisa kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuphuculwa kwe-molybdenum-equlethe i-316 stainless steel.
