Xa umntu ebuza malunga 'neentlobo zesinyithi somgubo,' impendulo yencwadi ekhawulezayo idla ngokuba luluhlu olucocekileyo: cofa kunye ne-sinter, ukubumba inaliti yesinyithi, ukucinezela kwe-isostatic eshushu, njalo njalo. Kodwa ekwenzeni, olo luhlu luphantse lucoceke kakhulu. Iyaliphosa i-nuance yokuba kutheni ungakhetha enye ngaphezu kwenye kwindawo ethile, kunye nokuchasana kokwenyani okuza nayo nganye. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi kakhulu lungena apho ukhetho lubonakala lusekwe kwinkcazo yekhathalogu kunokuqonda okunzulu kwemiqobo yenkqubo. Makhe sithethe malunga nokuba ezi ntlobo zithetha ukuthini xa uzama ukwenza inxalenye esebenzayo, ehlala ihleli, kwaye engavuthuzeli uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Ihashe lokuSebenza: I-Conventional Press kunye neSinter
Kulapho abantu abaninzi baqala khona, kwaye ngesizathu esihle. Ixabisa kakhulu kwimithamo ephezulu yeemilo ezilula. Uthatha i-powder yensimbi, ugcwalise i-die, uyicinezele phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, uze uyifake kwisithando somlilo ukuze udibanise amaqhekeza. Isitshixo apha 'silula ngokwentelekiso.' Iindlela zangaphantsi? Libala. Ukwahluka okubalulekileyo kubukhulu bodonga? Ucela ingxaki ngeegradients zokuxinana eziya kubonakala ekusebenzeni.
Sakha saba neprojekthi yecandelo lesixhobo esincinci. Umzobo wawujongeka ufanelekile cofa kwaye sinter. Kodwa umxhasi wayenomsele obukhali, onzulu weringi. Kwinqanaba le-sintering, elo candelo libhityileyo lajika. Kwafuneka sibuyele umva size siyiyile ngokutsha ikroba ukuya kwindawo ethambileyo ngakumbi, eyayifuna utshintsho kwindawo yokukhwelana. Zezi nkcukacha zincinci zingekho kwincwadana. Iimpawu zoomatshini zindilisekile, kodwa ziyi-anisotropic - yomelele ngokuthe ngqo kwicala leendaba. Ukuba ityala lakho lomthwalo alihambelani naloo nto, kufuneka wazi.
Uluhlu lwezinto apha lubanzi, ukusuka kwi-iron-copper-carbon mixes kwiindawo ezisisiseko zesakhiwo ukuya kwiintsimbi eziphantsi kwe-alloy. Kodwa xa ungena kwizicelo zezinto ezifana nentsimbi engenasici kumatshini wokushicilela kunye nenxalenye ye-sinter, kuya kufuneka ulumke. Umoya we-sintering kufuneka ulawulwe ngokuqinileyo ukuthintela i-chromium oxidation, eyongeza iindleko. Ngamanye amaxesha, kuyavakala ngakumbi ukucebisa okwahlukileyo umgubo wesinyithi indlela okanye inkqubo yokuvelisa eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Xa ukuntsonkotha kungaxoxiswana: Ukubunjwa kwesitofu sesinyithi (MIM)
I-MIM yimpendulo xa indawo yakho ikhangeleka njengenaliti yeplastiki ebunjiweyo kodwa kufuneka ibe yintsimbi. Cinga ngeemilo ezintsonkothileyo, ezintsonkothileyo, ezintsonkothileyo—izibiyeli ezinemingxuma emininzi kwii-engile ezingaqhelekanga, imihlathi yesixhobo sotyando, izixhobo zokutshixa ezincinane. Inkqubo ixuba umgubo wesinyithi ocolekileyo kunye ne-polymer binder, inaliti iyayibumba, ibophelele isibophelelo, kwaye siyitshise. Ufumana ingxinano esondeleyo kunye nokuthembeka komgangatho obalaseleyo.
Ukubanjwa? Litsheyini lenkqubo elide, elibuthathaka ngakumbi. Inqanaba le-debinding libalulekile kwaye licotha; yikhawulezise, kwaye ufumana iintanda okanye amadyunguza. Ukucutheka ngexesha lokucwiliswa kokugqibela kukwabalulekile kwaye kuyaqikelelwa, kodwa kuya kufuneka uyile isixhobo sokubumba ukusibuyekeza ngokuchanekileyo. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yamacandelo okuqhagamshelana apho isixhobo sasikwa ngokusekwe kwinqaku lokuqala, elicinywe kancinci lemathiriyeli. Lonke ubaleka waphuma iipesenti ezimbalwa iipesenti undersize. Ayinamsebenzi. Isifundo yayikukusoloko, soloko uqhuba iimvavanyo kunye nomgubo ochanekileyo kunye ne-binder feedstock oceba ukuyisebenzisela imveliso.
Ixabiso-Ngobulumko, liphezulu ngenxalenye nganye kunokucofa kunye ne-sinter, kodwa kwisicelo esifanelekileyo, ayinakoyiswa. Sizifumanele iinxalenye ze-MIM kubathengi abafuna iimilo ezintsonkothileyo, ezisebenza ngokuphezulu apho ukwenziwa komatshini osuka kokuqinileyo kungabiza kakhulu. Iinkampani ezifana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), kunye nemvelaphi yabo enzulu kwi-precision casting kunye ne-machining, ihlala ibonelela ngemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yesibini kwiindawo ze-MIM, ezifana nokuchaneka kwe-CNC yokwenza i-datum surface ebaluleke kakhulu emva kokuba sintering ukubetha ukunyamezela inkqubo ye-MIM yodwa ayinakuqinisekisa.
I-Arena ye-High-Performance Arena: I-Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) kunye naNgaphandle
Apha kulapho uya khona kwiindawo ezingakwaziyo ukuba ne-voids. Ndiyathetha, i-zero porosity. Iiblayidi ze-injini ye-aerospace, implants zonyango ze-premium, i-oyile ephantsi ebalulekileyo kunye nezinto zegesi. Izifundo ze-HIP ze-powder compact yangaphambili (ehlala ifakwe kwisitya esivaliweyo) kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwegesi ye-isostatic ukusuka kumacala onke ngaxeshanye. Isiphumo sixinene ngokupheleleyo, i-microstructure elinganayo.
Ixabiso liphezulu. Isixhobo sixabisa kakhulu ukusithenga nokusebenza. Asiyonkqubo yevolumu ephezulu. Uyisebenzisela ezona izicelo zifunwa kakhulu. Indlela enomdla ye-hybrid isebenzisa i-HIP ukuphilisa iziphene zangaphakathi kwi-castings. Le yindawo apho ubuchule bomthengisi bubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ukusebenza kunye ne-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-nickel-based okanye i-cobalt-based based on-eyaqhelekileyo kumsebenzi wokutshala imali owenziwe ngamafemu afana ne-QSY (unokubona uluhlu lwazo lwezinto eziphathekayo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com) -idinga ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nendlela i powder eziphatha ngayo ngexesha lomjikelezo we-HIP ukuphepha ukubunjwa kwesigaba esingathandekiyo.
Ngaphaya kwe-HIP, kukho ilizwe lonke leentlobo ezivelayo kunye nezikhethekileyo. I-Spark Plasma Sintering yeeseramikhi eziphambili kunye ne-composites. Imveliso eyongeziweyo yesinyithi, eyona nto ingumaleko-ngamaleko umgubo wesinyithi. Kodwa nge-AM, uthengisa uxinzelelo lwe-isotropic ye-HIP yoxinzelelo lwe-laser okanye ye-electron. Umphezulu owenziweyo njengoko wakhiwe kunye nemeko yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi zizilo ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, ezihlala zifuna inkqubo ye-HIP ye-post-process nakanjani ukuvala i-micro-porosity. Kungaphantsi kohlobo olwahlukileyo kwaye ngakumbi isixhobo esitsha kwibhokisi yezixhobo zokudibanisa umgubo.
INdawo nguMyalezo
Awukwazi ukwahlula uhlobo lwenkqubo kwizinto eziphathekayo. Ukuthetha malunga iintlobo zesinyithi somgubo ngaphandle kokuxoxa ngomgubo kufana nokuthetha ngokupheka ngaphandle kokukhankanya izithako. Umgubo weatomized wamanzi unexabiso eliphantsi, awulungelelananga ngokwesimo, kwaye ulungele ukucofa kunye ne-sinter. Umgubo werhasi owenziwe ngeathomu ungqukuva, uhamba ngcono kwiMIM okanye kwi-AM, kodwa kubiza kakhulu. Indlela yokudibanisa ibalulekile nayo-ngaba usebenzisa umgubo osele ufakwe ngaphambili okanye udibanisa umgubo osisiseko? I-alloyed yangaphambili inika iipropathi ezifanayo ngakumbi kodwa iyabiza. Ukuxubana kwe-Elemental kunokukhokelela kwi-inhomogeneity ukuba ayilungiswanga ngokuchanekileyo.
Sibe nemeko yokuhlalutya ukungaphumeleli kwinxalenye yentsimbi ye-sinter-hardening. Ichazwe kwisicelo sokunxiba okuphezulu. Inxalenye yadlula i-QC yokuqala kodwa yasilela kwangaphambi kwexesha entsimini. I-Metallurgy ibonise imimandla yendawo ye-austenite egciniweyo, ethambileyo. Oyena nobangela? Ukuxuba okungahambelaniyo kwe-graphite (ikhabhoni) yokongeza kunye nesiseko somgubo wentsimbi ngaphambi kokucinezela. Ngexesha le-sintering, ikhabhoni ayizange isasazeke ngokufanayo, ngoko ke ezinye iindawo azizange zibe lukhuni ngokufanelekileyo. Ukulungiswa kwakutshintshela kwi-powder yensimbi esele ifakwe ngaphambili kunye nekhabhoni esele ikwisisombululo. Ingxaki isonjululwe, kodwa nge-15% yokunyuka kweendleko zempahla. Olu luhlobo lokurhweba okwenzeka mihla le.
Yiyo loo nto intsebenziswano kunye ne-Foundry okanye ivenkile yomatshini eqonda imathiriyeli kweli nqanaba ibalulekile. Inkampani eneminyaka engama-30 yokuphosa kunye noomatshini, njenge-QSY, izisa loo ngcamango ye-metallurgical. Basenokuba abawenzi umgubo, kodwa bayayazi indlela ezi zixhobo ziziphatha ngayo phantsi kobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lomsebenzi wabo intsimbi, intsimbi, intsimbi, kunye nealloyi ezikhethekileyo. Olo lwazi lwenkqubo enqamlezileyo luxabiseke kakhulu xa ukhetha indlela ye-PM kwaye ulindele ukuba inxalenye iya kwenza njani emva kwe-sintering.
Ukudibana neMveliso yesiNtu
Imigca imfiliba. Indlela eqhelekileyo ngoku ngu a umgubo wesinyithi inkqubo ekufutshane-netha-imilo elandelwa bubuchule obuchanekileyo. Unokwenza i-MIM okanye ucinezele kwaye ucofe inxalenye ukuya kwi-95% yokwakheka kwayo kokugqibela, emva koko ungenise i-CNC Mill ukuze umatshini ochanekileyo, imisonto, okanye umgangatho obalulekileyo wokutywina. Le ndlela yokudibanisa ikhulisa iindleko kunye nokusebenza.
Ndiye ndasebenza kwimizimba yevalvu apho iipaseji eziphambili ezintsonkothileyo zangaphakathi zenziwe nge-MIM, kodwa ubuso be-flange kunye namazibuko entambo yayiyi-CNC eyenziwe ngomatshini emva kwe-sintering. Yayikuphela kwendlela yokufezekisa ukugqitywa komphezulu ofunekayo kunye nokunyamezela kwejometri kwezo mpawu ezithile. Umniki-nkonzo obonelela ngobuchule be-PM kunye nobuchwephesha bangaphakathi, njengoko kubonisiwe kugqaliselo lwe-QSY ekubunjweni kweqokobhe lokungunda, ukuphosa utyalo-mali, kunye nomatshini we-CNC, ubekwe kakuhle kolu hlobo lwesisombululo esihlanganisiweyo sokuvelisa. Lulula unxibelelwano kunye nokuphendula.
Ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-PM, ke, ayisosigqibo sodwa. Linyathelo lokuqala kwisicwangciso sokuvelisa. Kuya kufuneka ubuze: Yeyiphi imisebenzi yesibini eya kufuneka? Iza kugqitywa njani inxalenye? Igqunywe? Inkqubo ye-sintering ichaphazela i-chemical chemistry, enokuthi ichaphazele i-plating adhesion okanye ukusebenza kwepeyinti. Idityanisiwe yonke. Ukuyicinga njengokukhetha nje 'uhlobo' kwimenyu yeyona mpazamo inkulu onokuyenza. Kumalunga nobunjineli ikhonkco lonikezelo kunye netsheyini yenkqubo enikezela ngecandelo elisebenzayo. Umgubo usisiqalo nje.
