Xa uqala ukukhangela kwiinkampani zotyalo-mali zentsimbi engenastainless, into yokuqala ekubethayo kukuba bangaphi abathi baziingcali. Eli gama liphoswa kakhulu kangangokuba liqale ukulahlekelwa yintsingiselo. Wonke umntu uthembisa ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo, iijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo, kunye nokugqiba okuphezulu komphezulu. Kodwa ekubeni ndichithe iminyaka kuwo omabini amacala okukhangela kunye nemveliso, ndifunde umahluli wokwenyani akakho kwincwadana; ikwi-gritty, iinkcukacha ezihlala zingenabugocigoci zolawulo lwenkqubo, ukuqonda izinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokusombulula ingxaki okwenzekayo xa ipateni yewax ijika okanye iqokobhe liqhekeka. Akukhona nje ngokugalela isinyithi; imalunga nokulawula ikhonkco lamanyathelo athambileyo, axhomekeke omnye komnye apho impazamo kwenye inokulahla yonke ibhetshi. Uninzi lwabathengi luza lulungisiwe kuphela kwibakala lokugqibela-njenge-316L okanye 17-4 PH-nto leyo ebalulekileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa yibhloko yokuqala leyo. Iindleko zokwenyani kunye nomgangatho zimiselwa kwangaphambili kakhulu.
Undoqo weNkqubo: Ngaphezu kokugalela nje isinyithi
Ukuphoswa kotyalo-mali okwenyani, ngakumbi kwintsimbi engatyiwa, ngumdaniso wobugcisa kunye nesayensi ekhohlakeleyo. Inkqubo yokubumba iqokobhe kulapho iqala khona yonke into. Ndiye ndazibona iivenkile apho imekobume yegumbi elinodaka—ukufuma, ubushushu—ingalawulekiyo, yaye bayazibuza ukuba kutheni amandla eqokobhe lawo engafani. Kumacandelo aphakamileyo, xela ulwandle okanye ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali, oko kungahambelani ngumbulali. Iqokobhe ayisosikhongozeli nje; yeyona nto ichaza ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye nokuchaneka komda. Iqokobhe elihlwempuzekileyo likhokelela ekutshisweni, ukungena kwesinyithi, kunye neendleko zokugqiba ezoyikisayo ezinokuphinda kabini ixabiso lenxalenye.
Apha kulapho ubunzulu benkampani bubonisa. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yempompo yempompo efuna i-CF8M engenasici. Iiprototypes zokuqala ezivela kumthengisi zibukeka zigqibelele, kodwa zasilela kwiimvavanyo zoxinzelelo. Ingxaki? Ukuncipha kancinci. Umthengisi wayesebenzisa i-gating esemgangathweni kunye nenkqubo yokunyuka yensimbi engenasici, kodwa amabakala e-austenitic afana ne-CF8M anepateni ethile yokuqinisa. Ukulungiswa bekungeyonto intle; yayimalunga nokubeka indawo yokunyuka kunye nokulungelelanisa ubushushu bokugalela ngokusekelwe kubushushu obuchanekileyo bezinto eziphathekayo. Olo hlobo lwe-tweak luvela kumava, kungekhona incwadi.
Abaninzi iinkampani zotyalo-mali zensimbi engenasici baya kukhupha iipateni zabo okanye ukwakha iqokobhe. Abanako ngokwenene, nangona kunjalo, bagcina yonke into endlwini. Ibanika ulawulo. Xa undwendwela indawo, musa ukujonga nje eziko. Cela ukubona oomatshini bokushicilela be-wax, iitanki ezinodaka, izikhululo zokufaka i-stucco. Ukucoceka kunye nocwangco (okanye ukungabikho) apho kukuxelela ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na isatifikethi somgangatho eludongeni.
IiNuances zezinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-Special Alloys Factor
Intsimbi engenastainless yintsapho, hayi into enye. Ukuphendula ngomatshini kunye nobushushu bonyango lwe-304 lihlabathi ngaphandle kwe-15-5 PH. Umgibe oqhelekileyo kukuphatha ngokufanayo kwimisebenzi yasemva kokuphosa. Ndisebenze no steel stainless utyalo lokugalela umthengisi kumzimba wevalve kwi-duplex steel 2205. Ukuphosa kwakuvakala, kodwa basebenzise umjikelo wesisombululo esilungiselelwe i-316. Yatshabalalisa ibhalansi ye-ferrite-austenite kunye nokumelana nomhlwa. Kwafuneka silahle iqashiso. Eso yayisisifundo se-$40,000 kwizinto ezithile zesinyithi.
Yingakho ukukhankanywa kwee-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-nickel-based okanye i-cobalt-based based on portfolio yenkampani luphawu olubalulekileyo. Icebisa ukuba kufuneka bajongane nomngeni wokunyibilika, ukugalelwa, kunye neemfuno ezishushu-isostatic-pressing (HIP). Ukuba bayakwazi ukuphatha i-Hastelloy C-276, emva koko ukuphosa i-316L kukuhamba epakini kubo. Isixhobo kunye nolwazi lwendlela yokunyuka, hayi ukwehla.
Thatha inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Badwelisa steel stainless utyalo lokugalela ecaleni kokubunjwa kweqokobhe kunye nomatshini we-CNC, kwaye ubize ngokukodwa i-cobalt kunye ne-nickel alloys. Yindibaniselwano ebonakalayo leyo. Indixelela ukuba banokuqonda ukuba indawo ephosiweyo ihlala iyimveliso egqityiweyo. Ukuba noomatshini ngaphakathi endlwini lilungelo elikhulu kulawulo lomda kunye nexesha lokukhokela. Uyakuphepha ukukhomba umnwe phakathi kwe-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini xa ukunyamezela kuphosakele. Ibango labo leminyaka engama-30 lokuphosa kunye nokusebenza ngomatshini licebisa ukuba mhlawumbi babone uninzi lwezi ntloko zinxulumene nezinto kwaye (ngethemba) bafunda ukuziphepha.
Integration Machining Advantage
Oku kukhokelela kwinqaku lam elilandelayo: i-handoff engenamthungo phakathi kokuphosa kunye nomatshini. Lixabiso elikhulu, elisoloko lijongelwa phantsi. Ndakhe ndafumana iiflange zotyalo-mali zentsimbi engenastainless kwi-Foundry ezinikeleyo. Ukusaswa bekulungile, kodwa umphezulu wedatum womatshini awuzange uyilwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ivenkile yomatshini eyahlukileyo izabalaza ukubamba i-perpendicularity callout, ekhokelela kwi-30% yezinga lokwaliwa. Ingxaki ibingumba woyilo ebekufanele ukuba ubanjwe ngexesha lokucwangciswa kwenkqubo yokuphosa.
Xa i iinkampani zotyalo-mali zikwaqhuba amasebe e-CNC, iinjineli zabo zenkqubo zicinga malunga nenxalenye ngokupheleleyo. Bazakucebisa utshintsho lwedrafti yoyilo olufihlakeleyo okanye bacebise ukutshintsha umgca wokwahlula ukwenza idatamayina engcono ukusuka ekuqaleni. Bayila inkqubo yokungena kungekuphela nje kwintsimbi yesandi kodwa nendlela eya kususwa ngayo nalapho aya kuba khona amanqaku okubamba. Imodeli ye-QSY yokubonelela zombini iqokobhe lokungunda / ukuphosa utyalo-mali kunye nomatshini we-CNC phantsi kophahla olunye luhlobo kanye lwenkonzo edityanisiweyo eyisombulula ezi ngxaki zifihlakeleyo. Ayikokuba lula; imalunga nesiqinisekiso somgangatho esakhelwe ngaphakathi.
I-machining ye-cast stainless inamaqhinga ayo. Izinto eziphathekayo zinokuba yi-gummy, amabakala obunzima bomsebenzi afana ne-304 anokuba noburhalarhume kwizixhobo, kwaye ubunzima obungaguqukiyo bomgangatho owenziweyo bunokukhokelela kwincoko yesixhobo. Umniki-nkonzo odityanisiweyo kusenokwenzeka ukuba uphuhlise isondlo sobumnini, isantya, kunye neendlela zezixhobo zokusasa kwabo. Olo lwazi lweziko alukho xa iinxalenye zithunyelwa kwivenkile yoomatshini begeneric.
Imbono yoMgangatho vs. Inyaniso ekuMgangatho
Iziqinisekiso ziziteki zetafile. I-ISO 9001, PED, AD2000—ziyimfuneko ekwenzeni ushishino kumacandelo amaninzi, kodwa aziqinisekisi ngokusasazwa kakuhle. Baqinisekisa inkqubo ebhaliweyo. Umgangatho wokwenyani ukwiprothokholi zovavanyo olungonakalisi (NDT) kunye nokuzimisela ukuzinyanzela. Ngaba inkampani yenza i-100% yovavanyo lokungena kwidayi kuzo zonke iindawo zeklasi ezibalulekileyo? Ngaba banayo i-X-reyi yangaphakathi okanye i-ultrasound, okanye ngaba bayayikhupha? Unikezelo lwangaphandle lungongeza iintsuku kwaye lunciphise i-loop yengxelo yokulungiswa kwenkqubo.
Ndikhumbula ndiphicotha isithembiso steel stainless utyalo lokugalela umthengisi. Iimpepha zabo zazigqibelele. Kodwa emgangathweni, ndabona umsebenzi eza kusila isiphene kumphezulu wevalvu yendlu ngaphandle kokubhala phantsi kuqala okanye afumane imvume ye-QA. Elo nyathelo linye lavala yonke inkqubo yabo yokulandela umkhondo. Inkcubeko yomgangatho kumgangatho wevenkile, ukuxhotyiswa kwabasebenzi ukuba bamise umgca, kubaluleke ngaphezu kwesatifikethi kwi-lobby.
Ubomi obude kwishishini, njenge-QSY's 30 iminyaka, ihlala ihambelana nenkcubeko yomgangatho ovuthiweyo. Baye basinda ngenxa yokuba baye balungisa imiba yenkqubo ebeka iinkampani ezintsha ngaphandle kweshishini. Mhlawumbi baye batyala imali kwizixhobo ezifana ne-spectrometers yokuqinisekisa i-chemistry kwaye baye babeka umgangatho wabo we-wax kunye nezibophelelo zokunciphisa izinto eziguquguqukayo. Oku akuyonto intle, kodwa yinto eyenza inkampani ithembeke.
Iingqwalasela eziSebenzayo kuMthendeleko
Ke, usebenza njani nezi nkampani ngempumelelo? Okokuqala, nikela umfanekiso opheleleyo. Musa ukuthumela nje umzobo. Cacisa indawo yesicelo-iqondo lokushisa, uxinzelelo, imidiya, ukulayishwa kwe-cyclic. Oku kwazisa yonke into ukusuka ekukhethweni kwe-alloy ukuya kwisidingo se-HIP. Okwesibini, vuleleka kwimpendulo yoYilo lweManufacturability (DFM). Injineli elungileyo yesiseko inokucebisa uhlengahlengiso oluncinci lobungakanani bodonga okanye utshintsho lweradiyasi oluphucula ngokumangalisayo ukuphosa kunye nokunciphisa iindleko, ngaphandle kokulahleka komsebenzi.
Okwesithathu, lawula okulindelweyo kwindawo engaphezulu. As-cast surface roughness (Ra) for investment casting ilungile, kodwa ayisosipili esenziwe ngomatshini. Ukuba ufuna i-Ra 1.6 kwibhore, yicacise njengendawo enomatshini. I-Foundry iya kushiya isitokhwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukucaca apha kuthintela ukuphoxeka.
Ekugqibeleni, jonga ubudlelwane njengentsebenziswano. Ezona ziphumo zintle endiye ndazifumana zivela ekusombululeni iingxaki ngentsebenziswano. Kwakukho izindlu eziyinkimbinkimbi esizidingayo kwi-17-4 PH imeko ye-H1150. Imigibe yokuqala yayinokuqhekeka. Ngophando oludibeneyo-i-metallurgist yabo kunye nenjineli yethu-siyilandele kwindibaniselwano yezinga lokupholisa emva kokugalela kunye noyilo lwekona yangaphakathi ebukhali. Silulungisile uyilo (ukongeza i-fillet) kwaye balungisa inkqubo yabo yokushukuma. Inxalenye sele ikwimveliso iminyaka ngoku. Lilo elo ixabiso lokunxulumana nabanobuchule iinkampani zotyalo-mali zensimbi engenasici-Baye baba lulwandiso lweqela lakho lobunjineli.
Libala elinabantu abaninzi, kodwa abaphumeleleyo ayingabo abanezona webhusayithi zibalaseleyo. Ngabo abaneetanki ezinodaka olulawulwayo, i-metallurgist yangaphakathi, iiseli ezidibeneyo ze-CNC, kunye ne-pragmatic, i-mindset yokusombulula iingxaki ehlonishwe kumashumi eminyaka, njengembali yokusebenza echazwe yinkampani efana ne-QSY. I-craft ikwiinkcukacha, kwaye isinyithi sihlala sithetha inyaniso.
