Uma uzwa i-'AISI 8620 investing casting', umcabango osheshayo kwabaningi umayelana nezindawo zayo zokungcwaba amagiya noma ama-shafts. Lokho kulungile, kodwa futhi yilapho ukwenza lula ngokweqile kuqala. Eqinisweni, ukucacisa u-8620 ngokulingisa akukhona nje ukubeka uphawu ebhokisini elibalulekile emdwebeni; lizibophezela ochungechungeni lwezinqubo lapho ikhono le-Foundry ekuphatheni indlela yokuqinisa insimbi ye-low-alloy liba bucayi njengekhemistri ngokwayo. Ngibone imiklamo eminingi kakhulu ihluleka hhayi ngenxa yokuthi i-8620 bekuyisinqumo esingalungile, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi inqubo yokuphonsa ayizange ihambisane nezici zayo ezithile, okuholela ekuqineni kwecala okungahambisani noma ukuncipha okufihliwe. Lokhu akukona okokusebenza kwethiyori; kuyinselelo yezandla.
Imvelo ye-alloy kanye ne-Casting Compromise
I-AISI 8620 iyi-workhorse nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel, enconywa ngokuqina kwayo okuyisisekelo kanye nokuphendula okuthembekile ku-carburizing. Kodwa-ke, ukuziphatha kwayo kokulingisa kuhlukile endleleni yayo eyenziwe ngayo. Okubalulekile ukuphatha i-carbon gradient kusukela ekuqaleni. Ekwenziweni kwe-investimenti, ukupholisa okusheshayo kwezingxenye ezizacile kwesinye isikhathi kungaholela esakhiweni esicokeme kunano-okulindelekile njengokusakazwa, okuhle, kodwa futhi kwandisa ingcuphe ye-micro-porosity uma isistimu yokugenca neyokuphakelayo ingathuthukiswa kulolu hlu oluthile lokuqiniswa kwengxubevange. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa idizayini yesikhuphukeli efanayo ongayisebenzisela i-carbon steel elula.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yendlu yezinzwa eyayidinga kokubili ukuqina kokucindezela kanye nendawo engagugi. Iklayenti laphikelela aisi 8620 ukutshala imali. Amaqoqo okuqala ambalwa aphumelele ukuhlolwa kobukhulu kodwa ahluleka ekuhloleni ingcindezi. Inkinga? Isolated micro-shrinkage. Besingakazanga ngokugcwele ukuthi i-molybdenum ku-8620 izishintsha kanjani izimfuneko zokudla. Ukulungiswa kwakubandakanya hhayi nje ukukhulisa izikhuphukeli, kodwa ukuzibeka kabusha ukuze zidale ukuqiniswa okuqondile okuya ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile. Bekuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi ishidi le-alloy alibaluli ubuntu balo bokulingisa.
Lapha yilapho umuzwa we-Foundry wesikhathi eside ukhokha khona. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), neminyaka engamashumi amathathu kugobolondo nokutshala izimali, ngabe yakhe umtapo wolwazi olunjalo. Bangazi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi ku-8620, izinga lokushisa lokuthela lidinga iwindi eliqinile kunamanye ama-low-alloy steels ukuze kulinganiswe uketshezi kanye nosayizi wokusanhlamvu. Yilolu lwazi oluyimbudumbudu, oluqondene nenqubo ethile oluhlukanisa ukusakaza okusebenzayo kokwethembeke kakhulu.
Lapho Inqubo Yenza Noma Yephula Ingxenye
Ukuheha kokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali kwezingxenye ze-8620 kusobala: amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi, isiphetho esihle kakhulu sendawo, kanye nefomu elicishe lifane nenethi. Kodwa inqubo yokwenza igobolondo ngokwayo ixhumana ne-alloy. Igobolondo le-ceramic kufanele libe nokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-thermal ukugwema ukusabela nge-manganese ne-chromium ngo-8620 ngesikhathi sokuthulula, okungaholela ekulimazeni kwendawo. Igobolondo lekhwalithi engeyinhle noma izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa elingalungile lingethula i-surface carburization noma i-decarburization ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ingxenye ingene esithandweni sokushisa ukushisa, ilahle sonke isibalo secala lokuqina.
Ngemuva kokusakazwa, umgwaqo unama-nuanced ngokulinganayo. Ukunciphisa ingcindezi cishe akuxoxiswana ngakho ngaphambi komshini, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezinezigaba ezihlukene. Ngenze iphutha lokuyeqa kanye eqoqweni le-prototype lezingalo ezixhumanisayo, ngicabanga ukuthi ingcindezi yokulingisa iphansi. Umphumela waba ukuhlanekezela ngesikhathi somshini onzima oqede ingxenye yenqwaba. Izindleko zalowo mjikelezo wokunciphisa ukucindezeleka zincane uma ziqhathaniswa nezindleko zezinsalela zomshini.
Bese kulandela ukwelashwa kokushisa. Umkhuba ojwayelekile uwukungcwatshwa kanye nokucisha. Kodwa ikhwalithi yokuqala yokulingisa ibeka yonke into. Uma kukhona noma yikuphi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-dendritic noma amabhendi amancane okufakwa kusukela kunqubo yokulingisa, ukucisha kungawenza ihaba, okuholela ebukhuni obungalingani noma ngisho nokucisha ukuqhekeka. Uzakwethu omuhle we-Foundry ngeke nje alethe ukulingisa; bazohlinzeka ngephrothokholi yokwelapha ukushisa eqinisekisiwe ngokusekelwe kuzimo zangempela zokusakaza. Kusukela encazelweni ye-QSY yokusebenza ngama-alloys akhethekile, le ndlela ehlanganisiwe yezinto ezibonakalayo nenqubo cishe iyingxenye evamile yesevisi yabo, ebaluleke kakhulu kwinto efana ne-8620 lapho izakhiwo zokugcina zenziwa inqubo.
CNC Machining: The Critical Finish
Yilapho 'utshalomali' lukhokha khona ngempela. Ingxenye esakazwe kahle engu-8620 kufanele ibe nesabelo sesitoko esincane, kodwa leso sitoko kufanele sifane. Ukusebenza kwe-as-cast 8620 kuhlukile kunozakwabo owenziwe nge-annealed. Isikhumba esikhonjiwe siqinile futhi singaba nesikhumba kumathuluzi. Inqubo eqinile isebenzisa ukusikeka okuthambile ukuze kubhodlozwe esikhunjeni ngaphambi kokuqhubekela ekwenzeni imishini esindayo. Ukuzama ukonga isikhathi ngokusebenzisa amapharamitha wezinto ezikhandiwe kuvame ukuholela ekugugekeni kwamathuluzi okusheshisiwe kanye nokungathembeki kwendawo ebusweni bokugcina obumashini.
Okwengxenye efana nesithwali seplanethi yokudlulisela, amajenali anezimpawu kanye nama-splines enziwa ngomshini ngemva kokusakazwa. Ukuvumelana kokuqina kokulingisa kanye nokungabikho kwe-voids yangaphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma inqubo yokulingisa yethula i-porosity encane ngaphansi kwendawo, i-machining pass ingayivula, idale ukwenqaba. Yingakho ukulawulwa kwenqubo esigabeni se-Foundry kuwukutshalwa kwezimali ekukhiqizeni imishini. Umhlinzeki ohlinzeka ngokuhlanganisiwe ukutshala imali futhi CNC imishini, njenge-QSY, ine-loop yempendulo eqondile. Ithimba labo elisebenza ngomshini lingahlaba umkhosi ngokushesha iphutha lokulingisa eliphindelelayo eqenjini labo labasunguli, livumele ukulungiswa kwembangela yokuthi isitolo semishini sangaphandle singase sibike 'njengenqwaba embi'.
I-synergy ibalulekile. Bangakwazi ukuhlela umumo wokulingisa kanye nezindawo zesango becabanga ngokulungiswa komshini wokugcina, ngezinye izikhathi baze bafake nezici zedatha yokuqala. Leli zinga lokuxhumanisa linciphisa isikhathi esiphelele sokukhiqiza nezindleko, kuguqule ukusakaza okungahluziwe kube ingxenye eqediwe, enembe kakhulu ngokuyimpumelelo.
Izicelo Zomhlaba Wangempela kanye Nezisetshenziswa Ezingalungile
I-8620 yokutshala izimali iyakhanya ezinhlelweni ezidinga umongo oqinile kanye nendawo eqinile, engagugi. Cabanga ngemizimba yama-valve e-hydraulic, lapho amachweba angaphakathi adinga indawo eqinile ukuze amelane nokuguguleka kokugeleza koketshezi, kodwa umzimba udinga amandla okusingatha ingcindezi. Noma izingxenye ezithile zezinzwa ezingezona uzibuthe lapho izakhiwo zayo zivuma khona. Kodwa-ke, ukukhetha okungalungile kwesevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma izindawo ezigqwala kakhulu—yilapho ingxubevange eyenziwe nge-nickel noma i-cobalt ingena khona, izindawo iphothifoliyo yezinto ze-QSY nazo ezihlanganisayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kabi okujwayelekile wukusebenzisa lapho kudingeka khona ukuqinisa. I-8620 iyinsimbi eqinisa icala. Ngibone imiklamo ibiza ukuthi ukusakaza kwe-8620 kuqiniswe kuze kufike ku-40 HRC. Kungenziwa, kodwa awusebenzisi inzuzo yakhona eyinhloko, futhi ungase unikezwe kangcono ngebanga elingu-4140 noma le-4340 eliklanyelwe lokho. Isinqumo kufanele siqhutshwa umsebenzi, hhayi nje ukujwayelana.
Ukubala komnotho nakho kubalulekile. Kumajamo alula, amakhulu, ukubumba noma ukwenza imishini kusuka kusitoko sebha kungase kushibhe. Inani le aisi 8620 ukutshala imali ivulwe ngamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi, e-3D angadinga ukwenziwa kwemishini okubanzi noma ukuhlanganiswa okunezingxenye eziningi uma kungenjalo. Izindleko zangaphambili zamathuluzi zephethini ye-wax zifaneleka ngenxa yokwehliswa komshini osebenza ezansi nomfula kanye nokuhlanganisa.
Ukuzulazula Ukukhethwa Komhlinzeki
Ukukhetha umphakeli we-investimenti eyi-8620 akukona nje ukuthola ikhotheshini. Ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku kwezobuchwepheshe. Udinga ukubuza mayelana nolwazi lwabo oluthile ngezinsimbi ezine-alloy ephansi: Ithini izinga labo elivamile lokulawula ukufakwa? Bayiklama kanjani isango lalezi zingxubevange? Ingabe banganikeza imibiko ye-metallurgical ehlanganisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu nokuhlolwa kwebhendi yokuqina? Ukuzimisela komphakeli ukuxoxa ngale mininingwane kuyinkomba enhle yokujula kwayo.
Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwenkampani emkhakheni, njengomlando weminyaka engama-30 we-QSY, kuvame ukuhlobana nolwazi oluqoqiwe lokuxazulula izinkinga. Cishe baye bahlangabezana—futhi baxazulula—izinkinga zegesi porosity ezingxenyeni eziwugqinsi noma ukuthola indawo ephelele ephasejini elinezintambo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu okwenziwayo kuhumusha izimanga ezimbalwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
Ekugcineni, bheka ukuhlanganiswa. Uzakwethu okahle uphatha uhambo olusuka ensimbi encibilikisiwe luye engxenyeni eqediwe. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuziphendulela. Uma kuphakama inkinga yokwelashwa kokushisa, akukho ukungaqondakali mayelana nokuthi kwakuyisakhiwo sokusakaza noma umjikelezo wokuphatha ukushisa. Okwezingxenyeni ezibalulekile, lokhu kulawula okungenazihibe kusuka ukubunjwa kwegobolondo ekwenzeni imishini yokugcina akuyona into ewubukhazikhazi; kuyisidingo sokuzuza ukusebenza okungaguquki i-AISI 8620 ekwazi ukukulethela.
