Uma uzwa i-'Alloy 21', ukuhlotshaniswa okuseduze kwabaningi emkhakheni wethu 'kuyi-high-end nickel alloy', kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokuthandwa kwe-Hastelloy C-276 noma i-Inconel 625. Leyo yisihibe sokuqala esivamile—kucatshangwa ukuthi elinye ihhashi elimelana nokugqwala. Eqinisweni, ukwakheka kwayo okuqondile, leyo bhalansi ye-nickel, i-chromium, i-molybdenum, nokuqukethwe kwensimbi elawulwayo, kuyinikeza indawo ethile. Akukhona njalo ukukhetha kokuqala kwama-acids anciphisa kakhulu, kodwa ezindaweni ezixubile ze-asidi, ikakhulukazi lapho ama-chloride nama-oxidizing salts aqala ukudlala, ukuzinza kwawo yilapho ngibone khona kukhanye. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi eminyakeni edlule lapho iklayenti laphikelela khona ku-C-276 ngomzimba wama-valve oyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ngemva kokubuyekeza izimo zangempela zesevisi—ezihlanganisa izingxube ezishisayo ze-nitric ne-hydrofluoric acid—safuna ukushintshwa Ingxubevange 21. Idatha yokusebenza kanye nempilo yesevisi ekugcineni yaqinisekisa leyo kholi. Yilolu hlobo lolwazi lohlelo lokusebenza oluhlukanisayo oluhlukanisa umsebenzi ojwayelekile nesixazululo esithembekile sobunjiniyela.
Uhlamvu Lokubalulekile kanye Nama-nuances Womshini
Ukusebenza nge Ingxubevange 21 esitolo kunesilwane esihlukile ekufundeni ishidi laso. Ubuchule bayo buwu... ake sithi, bufuna ngenkani. Akuyona ingxubevange eqinile laphaya, kodwa isebenza-inzima kakhulu. Uma ithuluzi lakho lingacijile, awusika; uvele ushise ingaphezulu futhi ufaka ukushisa. Lokhu sikufunde kanzima ngeqoqo lokuqala lama-impellers. Uma kusetshenziswe okufakwe okugugile kancane, izinga lokuphakelayo belingashintshile—ligcine linesikhumba esihle, esiqinile esenze ukuqeda okulandelayo kwaba yiphupho elibi futhi kwacishe konakalisa ubuqotho bohlangothi lwengxenye.
Ukhiye, wethu, waba ukusethwa okuqinile kanye nolaka, ukusika i-positive-rake. Kufanele ungene ngaphansi kongqimba oluqinile lomsebenzi. Ukupholisa akukona nje ukupholisa; okokugcoba ukuvimbela unqenqema olwakhelwe phezulu. Salinganisa ekupholiseni okunomfutho ophezulu ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi lemisebenzi yethu ye-CNC kule nto. Kwenze umehluko omkhulu empilweni yamathuluzi kanye nokuvumelana kokuphela kwendawo. Ngenye yalezo zinto lapho amapharamitha womshini ongawusebenzisela i-316 engagqwali azokuholela ngqo ekwehlulekeni okubizayo.
Elinye iphuzu elicashile ukuziphatha kwayo ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwegobolondo noma ukutshala imali. I-fluidity yayo ihloniphekile, kodwa iyazwela ekuthululeni izinga lokushisa kanye nokushisa kwesikhunta. Kupholile kakhulu, futhi ubeka engcupheni ukugijima kwenkungu noma ukuvala okubandayo ezingxenyeni ezincane; kushisa kakhulu, futhi ungathola ukukhula okusanhlamvu okweqile noma ukusabela nge-refractories ethile yesikhunta. Sizinze efasiteleni lezinga lokushisa elincane, elisekelwa amasheke we-pyrometer, hhayi nje izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Ngemva kokusakazwa, ukwelashwa kokushisa kubalulekile ekunciphiseni ingcindezi nokwandisa izakhiwo zokugqwala—akusona isinyathelo sokuzikhethela.
Isicelo Somhlaba Wangempela kanye Nekesi elithile
Iningi lomsebenzi wethu nge Ingxubevange 21 iphelela ekucutshungulweni kwamakhemikhali, kodwa hhayi njalo emikhunjini emikhulu. Ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi kakhulu zisezingxenyeni ezincane, eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kanye namandla amaphakathi kubalulekile. Cabanga ngama-valve angaphakathi, ama-pump casings, ama-agitator shafts, futhi ikakhulukazi ukufakwa kwamasistimu abamba ama-asidi axubile.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi eyenziwe ngayo I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY). Babedinga isethi yamabhulokhi ahlukahlukene ngokwezifiso embonini engumshayeli ehlola inqubo entsha yokwenziwa kwemithi. Indawo ezungezile yayiyinhlanganisela yama-asidi ephilayo, ama-chloride, nemikhondo yama-bromide emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. Idizayini yokuqala yacacisa insimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex. Kodwa-ke, ngokususelwa ekuqhekekeni kwamakhemikhali ahlinzekiwe, kwakunengozi enkulu yokuqhekeka kwe-pitting kanye nokucindezeleka kokubola. Siphakamisile Ingxubevange 21 njengomuntu ofaneleka kakhulu.
Inselele kwakuyiziteshi zangaphakathi eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Bekudinga inhlanganisela yokutshala imali ukuze kwakheke izindlela zokudlula eziyisisekelo kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kwe-CNC ye-axis engu-5 ukuze kuqedelwe ubuso bembobo kanye nezindawo ezikhwezayo ukuze zibekezelelane. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-QSY kukho kokubili ukubunjwa kwegobolondo kanye nomshini we-CNC wama-alloys akhethekile bekubalulekile lapha. Ukulingisa kwakufanele kube okuzwakalayo, kungabikho ukushwabana okungaba indawo yokuqala ukugqwala, futhi umshini olandelayo kwakufanele ungabi nasici ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bezimpawu. Izingxenye zisebenze ngaphandle kokukhishwa kulolu hlelo lweminyaka emibili, obekuwuvivinyo olukhulu. Lokhu kusebenzisana phakathi kokukhethwa kwempahla, ubuqotho bokusakaza, kanye nomshini wokunemba yilapho inani langempela lilethwa khona.
Ukusebenzisana ne-Specialized Foundry kanye ne-Machinist
Lokhu kungiletha ohlelweni lwezemvelo lokukhiqiza izingxenye ezinjalo. Awukwazi ukumane unikeze umdwebo umdwebo Ingxubevange 21 ingxenye kunoma yisiphi isitolo somshini. Lonke iketango, kusukela ekutholeni ingot yealloy eqinisekisiwe kuya ekuhlolweni kokugcina, lidinga ubuchwepheshe. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), namashumi eminyaka awo ashiwo ekulingiseni nasekukhiqizeni, ikakhulukazi ukugqamisa ama-alloys akhethekile, kumele uhlobo lozakwethu oludingekayo. Ukusebenza kwabo kwesikhathi eside kuphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka bazulazule kumajika okufunda wezinto ezinjengalezi.
Uma ngihlola uzakwethu, ngibheka ubufakazi bokulawulwa kwenqubo. Ngoba Ingxubevange 21, kumayelana nomkhuba wabo wokuncibilika (i-VIM noma i-AOD?), indlela abasingatha ngayo ukwenza isikhunta sokutshala imali ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa, kanye nezinqubo zabo ze-CNC zokwenza izinto zokwakha okunzima ukuzisika. Ingabe banomlando wokukhiqiza izingxenye eziqukethe ingcindezi noma izimpawu ezibucayi? Iqiniso lokuthi i-QSY ibeka ngokucacile ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel njengento ekhethekile iphoyinti ledatha elifanele. Kusho ukuthi batshale imali kumathuluzi, okokufaka, nolwazi lochwepheshe oludingekayo ukuze kuphathe lezi zinto ngokunenzuzo nangokwethembeka.
Ekuhlanganyeleni okukodwa, i-value-add ivela empendulweni yethimba labo lemishini ngesikhathi sesigaba se-DFM (Design for Manufacturability). Bakhombise amakhona ama-radio ambalwa angaphakathi ekulingiseni obekuminyene kakhulu ukwenza imishini esebenza kahle ngokuqeda okudingekile. Ingxubevange 21. Sixegise ukubekezelelana kancane, okugweme ibhodlela lokukhiqiza kanye nokweqa kwezindleko ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umsebenzi wengxenye. Lolo ulwazi olusebenzayo, olusebenza ngezandla olufunayo.
Izingibe Ezivamile kanye Nemibono Engalungile Yezinto
Umbono oyiphutha oqhubekayo uyelapha Ingxubevange 21 njengendlela eqondile, yokungena esikhundleni kwamanye amaalloyi e-nickel-chromium-molybdenum. Akunjalo. Ukwakheka kwayo okulungiselelwe kuyenza imelane ne-sulfuric acid, kodwa ingase ingafani, yithi, i-C-276 ekwehliseni kakhulu isevisi ye-hydrochloric acid. Ukukhethwa kwezinto kuhlale kwehlela ekugxilweni kwe-ion ethile, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokuba khona kwama-oxidizer. Ngibone imininingwane evele ithi isevisi ebolayo - lokho akusizi ngalutho. Sihlala sifuna ukuhlaziya okugcwele koketshezi lwenqubo.
Omunye umgodi ukudebeselela ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld (PWHT) uma ingxenye yenziwe. Ngenkathi Ingxubevange 21 inokushisela okuhle, indawo ethinteke ukushisa (HAZ) ingahlushwa imvula ye-carbide, okonakalise ukumelana nokugqwala kwendawo ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Ngesevisi ebalulekile, i-PWHT akuxoxiswana ngayo ukuze kubuyiselwe i-microstructure. Sifunde lokhu ngemva kokwehluleka kwensimu kokuxhumeka kwe-flange okushiselwe; i-weld ngokwayo yayizwakala, kodwa i-pitting iqalwe khona e-HAZ.
Okokugcina, kukhona ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko zenzuzo. Ingxubevange 21 kuyabiza. Awuyisebenzisi lapho i-904L engagqwali ingase yanele. Ukulungiswa kwayo kuvela empilweni yesevisi enwetshiwe, isikhathi esincishisiwe sokuphumula, nokuphepha ekuphatheni imidiya eyingozi. Isibalo kufanele sibheke izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi, hhayi nje inani lesiqephu sokuqala. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukukholisa ikhasimende ngalokhu kudinga ukulikhombisa umlando wecala lokwehluleka ngezinto ezishibhile—impikiswano ehehayo, uma edabukisayo.
Imicabango Ephetha Ngokusatshalaliswa Okungokoqobo
Pho, lokhu kusishiya kuphi Ingxubevange 21? Kuyinto impahla kachwepheshe. Inani layo livulwa ngokusetshenziswa okunembayo, ukukhiqizwa okucophelelayo, kanye nokuqonda okujulile kwezinselele zayo. Akuyona isethi futhi ukhohlwe yi-alloy. Impumelelo incike ekukwazini kwawo wonke uchungechunge lokunikezela—kusuka ku-metallurgist ogunyaza isitifiketi sokuncibilika kuya kuchwepheshe bemishini okhetha imingcele yokuqeda kokuqeda.
Konjiniyela nabathengayo, isifundo ukubuka ngale kwebanga lezinto ezijwayelekile. Xhumana nabaqambi ababonisa ulwazi oluthile, njengalabo ibhizinisi labo eliyinhloko lihilela ukuphathwa kwesikhathi eside kwamaphrojekthi wealloy akhethekile. Buza amapharamitha wabo wokwenza imishini, amashidi abo e-QC okusakazwa okufanayo, indlela yabo yokuhlola okungabhubhisi. Izimpendulo zizokutshela ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi incwajana ecwebezelayo.
Ekugcineni, izinto ezifana Ingxubevange 21 zingamathuluzi ebhokisini lamathuluzi lobunjiniyela. Ukusebenza kwawo kuncike ngokuphelele ekhonweni lomdwebi ozisebenzisayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okwengxenye ebalulekile embonini yamakhemikhali noma ingxenye ekhethekile yocwaningo oluthuthukisiwe, izimiso zihlala: hlonipha izici zezinto ezibonakalayo, lawula inqubo, futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza. Usuka kanjalo ku-spec yethiyori uye engxenyeni ethembekile, esebenzayo ensimini.
