Insimbi engagqwali ayimane nje imelane nokugqwala—imelana nokuyekethisa. Lapho i-valve ye-hydraulic valve kumele ibambe ibha engu-420 ngaphandle kokuvuza okuncane, lapho isilinda sepompo sizungeza ku-3,600 rpm ngaphansi kodaka olubi, noma lapho i-winch shaft yasogwini ibekezelela inkungu kasawoti kanye ne-cyclic torsion iminyaka engu-15—ngokunemba kuphela. ukuphonsa insimbi engagqwali iletha ubuqotho be-metallurgical kanye nokuthembeka kobukhulu obudingekayo.
Senze izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali ezingaphezu kuka-12,000 kusukela ngo-2018—hhayi njengezikhala ezivamile, kodwa njengemihlangano esebenzayo enama-callouts e-GD&T aqina kuno-±0.02 mm, indawo engaphezulu iphela yehlele ku-Ra 0.8 µm, kanye nokulandeleka okugcwele kusuka endaweni yokushisa kuya embikweni wokugcina wokuhlola. Ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, sibone amakhasimende enqaba izingxenye hhayi ngenxa ye-porosity, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukuchezuka okungu-0.05 mm ku-flange flat kubangele ukuqhuma kwe-gasket ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwensimu. Kungakho ukuphonsa insimbi engagqwali akukhona ukuthela insimbi—kumayelana nokulawula i-kinetics yokuqinisa, ukulawula ukuncipha kwe-interdendritic, nokuqondanisa ukugeleza kokusanhlamvu nezindlela zokulayisha ngaphambi kokuba i-ladle yokuqala ifakwe ithiphu.
Kungani I-Investment Casting Iwina Kwi-Complex Stainless Steel Geometry
Ukubunjwa kwesihlabathi kusingatha izindlu ezinkulu nezingxenye eziwugqinsi—kodwa kumavalvu anezindonga ezincane ezicindezelwayo, ama-multi-port manifold, noma abathwali be-turbine blade, ukutshala imali kuyabusa. Inqubo yegobolondo layo le-ceramic ithwebula izici ezinhle njengezimbambo ezingu-0.3 mm nokubekezelela kufika ku-CT4 nge-ISO 8062. Sivamise ukuphonsa i-CF8M (ASTM A351) kanye ne-F316L (UNS S31603) ezingxenyeni ezinobukhulu bodonga obungaphansi kuka-2.5 mm kanye ne-aspect ratios edlula u-12:1 kumshini oqinile ongenakwenzeka—ngokwezomnotho akunakwenzeka.
Kodwa impumelelo incike ezintweni ezintathu okungaxoxiswana ngazo:
- Idizayini yephethini elindele ukufinyela okushisayo-hhayi nje ukuncipha komugqa (1.8-2.2% ku-316), kodwa ukuhlanekezela kwe-anisotropic kuwo wonke ama-fillet nama-cores;
- Iphrofayili yokudubula igobolondo ishuniswe kumakhemikhali engxubevange—amabanga aphezulu e-chromium/nickel adinga ukudonswa kwe-wax kancane kanye nokushisa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi eside ukuze kugwenywe ukulandwa kwekhabhoni;
- Ukuthela ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kuka-±15°C-okushisa kakhulu kumema ukuhlukaniswa kwama-macrosegregation; kubanda kakhulu kubangela ukuvala okubandayo kubagijimi abangaphansi kuka-4 mm ububanzi.
Iklayenti elilodwa lasendaweni kawoyela eNyakatho Melika lishintshe lisuka ku-sand-cast F22 laya ku-investment-cast CF8M yemihlangano yemizimba eminyanisayo. Izinga labo lokungaphumeleli lehle lisuka ku-7.3% laya ku-0.4%—hhayi ngenxa yensimbi engcono, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ukufakwa kwezimali okutshaliwe kuqede amaphutha ayisisekelo okugudluzwa abeka engcupheni ubuqotho bomngcele wengcindezi.
Izindleko Ezifihliwe Zamabanga Ensimbi Engagqwali “Avamile”
CF8, CF8M, CF3, CF3M—lezi azishintsheki. Sibone onjiniyela becacisa i-CF8 yebhokisi lepompo lamanzi olwandle, bese bethola ukugqwala komgodi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-14. Kungani? I-CF8 iqukethe ≤0.08% ikhabhoni futhi ayikho i-molybdenum. Ezindaweni ezicebile nge-chloride, i-PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) yayo ihlala ku-18–20. I-CF3M, eno-2.0–3.0% Mo kanye nekhabhoni ephansi, iphusha i-PREN iye ku-25–28—umehluko obalulekile.
Ukukhetha okubalulekile akukona okucatshangwayo. Iyasebenza:
- F304L: Kwamukelekile kubathumeli bezinga lokudla—hhayi ngesevisi yegesi emuncu engaphezu kuka-60 ° C;
- F316L: Ubuncane bezinto eziningi ezihlukahlukene ze-hydraulic hydraulic-kodwa kuphela uma isixazululo sishubile futhi singadluliswanga;
- I-CA6NM (ASTM A995 Gr. 4A): Iyadingeka kuma-impellers amanzi olwandle anesivinini esiphezulu—i-4% Ni + 13% Cr + 0.05% N iletha amandla okukhathala >720 MPa.
Siqinisekisa konke ukushisa nge-PMI (Positive Material Identification) futhi sigcina imibiko yokuhlolwa komshini obonisa okuqukethwe kwangempela kwe-Cr, Ni, Mo, ne-N—hhayi nje “ukuhlangana ne-ASTM.” Ngoba iqoqo eliqinisekiswe ku-F316L lisengakwazi ukusilela uma i-nitrogen ingu-0.03% esikhundleni sika-0.06%.
Ukusuka ekulingiseni kuye emsebenzini: Kungani Ukuhlanganiswa Okuqondile Kubalulekile
Ukusakaza insimbi engagqwali akuqediwe lapho ingxenye iphola. Indawo enjenge-As-cast iqukethe i-micro-porosity, izingcindezi ezisele, kanye nesikali se-oxide—akukho okwamukelekayo ekuvaleni okuguquguqukayo noma ukuxhumana okujikelezayo. Yilapho ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile kuba khona okunqumayo.
Esikhungweni sethu se-Qingdao, konke ukubunjwa kwensimbi engagqwali kwenzeka:
- Ukwelashwa kokushisa-isixazululo se-annealing ku-1040–1120°C okulandelwa ukucisha kwamanzi, okuqinisekiswe ngemephu ye-thermocouple;
- Ukwenza imishini—ezikhungweni ze-CNC ze-5-eksisi ezibambe isikhundla sangempela phakathi kuka-0.01 mm kumabhore angu-Ø12 mm;
- Ukuthuthukiswa kobuso-Ugesi wokunciphisa u-Ra kanye nokuvuselelwa kongqimba olwenziwayo, noma ukuthwebula ukulinda ngenxa yengcindezi ecindezelayo ezindaweni ezibucayi zokukhathala.
Imoto yobunjiniyela baseJalimane i-OEM yayidinga izindlu zamasilinda wephampu yepiston ezinokugxila <0.015 mm phakathi kwe-bore kanye nobuso obukhuphukayo. Ukulingisa isihlabathi kukodwa akukwazanga ukukuletha. Inqubo yethu eyingxubevange—utshalomali olwenza isimo esibi, bese siqeda-yisicefe futhi sicije ekusetheni okukodwa—sike izinsalela ngo-62% futhi andise impilo yesevisi ukusuka kumahora okusebenza angu-8,000 kuya kwangu-14,500.
Lapho udinga ukuphonsa insimbi engagqwali esebenzayo-hhayi nje ukudlula ukuhlolwa-udinga ozakwethu abasuse iphutha lokuqiniswa kwamamodeli we-cobalt alloys ye-AMS 5387, amaphrofayili ashisayo aqinisekisiwe we-T800-based pump casings, futhi alandelela u-100% wezinto ezingavuthiwe ezishisa zibuyela esithandweni se-EAF. QINGDAO QIANGSENYUAN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. yakha lawo mandla kuzo zonke izingxenye—hhayi njengesimangalo, kodwa njengokulandelana okubhaliwe, okufundekayo. Ukunemba akwengezwa ekugcineni. Ifakwe ohlwini lokuqala.
