Uma uzwa 'i-ceramic core for investment casting', iningi licabanga ukuthi isimeli nje, isimo somhlatshelo. Lowo umbono oyiphutha wokuqala. Eqinisweni, ingumqambi wezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zangaphakathi. Umongo oklanywe kabi ungabhidlika, ugudluke, noma uhluleke ukuphuma, ukhiphe yonke i-turbine blade noma ukufakelwa kwezokwelapha. Ngike ngabona izitolo zisola i-alloy noma igobolondo, kuphela ukuthola ukuthi imbangela yayiwumgogodla owawungakwazi ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kokuthululwa kwe-superalloy. Akuyona ingxenye; ukuzibophezela ekunembeni kusukela ekuqaleni komjikelezo wokuklama.
I-Material Akuyona Nje I-Ceramic
Ukuyibiza ngokuthi a i-ceramic core kufana nokubiza insimbi ngokuthi 'insimbi'. Ukwakheka yikho konke. Ama-silicone-based cores avamile, kodwa kuma-alloys ane-nickel ephezulu athululwe ngaphezu kuka-1500°C, ubheka amasistimu asekelwe ku-alumina noma ezirconia. Umehluko awukona nje ukukala izinga lokushisa. I-coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) kufanele yenziwe ukuze ifane nesikhunta segobolondo esizungezile. Ukungafani, ngisho nokuncane, kudala imifantu yengcindezi ngesikhathi sokupholisa. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi ye-a ingxubevange esekelwe cobalt manifold lapho sisebenzise khona i-alumina engaphakathi eshalofini. Yayibukeka iphelele ngemva kwe-dewax, kodwa ngemva kokuthululwa, imifantu emincane enkabeni yahunyushwa yaba imifantu engaphezulu eziteshini zangaphakathi zokusakaza. Into esemqoka 'yayiyinhle', kodwa 'yayingalungile'.
Bese kuba nesistimu yokuhlanganisa. Akukhona nje ngokubamba izinhlamvu ze-ceramic ndawonye ngesikhathi sesimo esiluhlaza. Imayelana nokuwa okulawulwayo ngesikhathi sokudubula ukuze kusethwe amandla okugcina futhi, ngonya, okulawulwayo ukuhlakazeka kubhavu we-caustic kamuva. Ezinye izinongo ezisekelwe ku-silica zisebenzisa i-binder eshiya isigaba esintekenteke, esiyingilazi, okubenza bathambekele ekubambeni umonakalo. Ikhono langempela ukwakha into eqinile ngokwanele ukuba ikwazi ukuqhubeka nokwakhiwa nokuthululwa kwegobolondo, kodwa ibe buthakathaka ngokwekhemikhali ngokwanele ukuba isuswe ngaphandle kwemishini enamandla engalimaza izindonga ezacile.
Yilapho isipiliyoni esinama-alloys athile sikhokha khona. Ukusebenza nge ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel, isibonelo, ufunda ukuthi banebanga elide lokuqiniswa kanye nokuncibilika okuphezulu. Ingqikithi idinga amandla akhethekile ashisayo ukumelana nokungena kwensimbi nokuguguleka isikhathi eside. Ingqikithi yenhloso evamile ingase igeze, ishiye indawo yangaphakathi emagebhugebhu ebulala ukugeleza komoya engxenyeni ye-turbine. Ukwehluleka buthule—ukubona kuphela ngesikhathi se-X ray noma ukuhlola ukugeleza kwamanzi.
Idizayini: Lapho I-Theory Ihlangana Ne-Foundry Floor
Amamodeli e-CAD aphelele. Ama-cores awekho. Igebe elikhulu likuma-engeli asalungiswa kanye nokwesekwa. Abaklami bavamise ukufuna okusalungiswa okunguziro kuzici zangaphakathi ukuze bakhulise ukusebenza kahle kwe-aerodynamic noma ukuqhutshwa kwamanzi. Kodwa umnyombo uyinto engokoqobo okufanele ikhishwe kufa noma icindezelwe ethuluzini. Salwa nalokhu iminyaka. Ukuyekethisa kuvame ukuba okusalungiswa okuncane, yithi idigri engu-0.5 kuye ku-1, kuhlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa kwamasu okuphrinta okuyisisekelo—lezo zandiso ezithola futhi ziqinise umgogodla kuphethini ye-wax futhi kamuva negobolondo.
Ngikhumbula idizayini eyinkimbinkimbi yombhobho kaphethiloli we-aerospace. I i-ceramic core yayinezingalo eziningana ezacile, ezifakwe ama-cantilever. Ekulingiseni, ibizinzile. Ngokwenza, ngesikhathi sokujova iphethini ye-wax ezungezile, ingcindezi yabangela ukuphambuka. Umphumela? Ukuhluka kobukhulu bezindonga ngaphezu kokucaciswa. Ukulungiswa kwakungewona umnyombo ongcono; yayiklama kabusha amasango omjovo we-wax futhi yengeza izisekelo ze-ceramic zesikhashana (kamuva zakhishwa ekugayeni) ukuze kuqiniswe umgogodla phakathi naleyo nqubo. Yengeze izindleko nesinyathelo, kodwa yalondoloza ingxenye. Lolu uhlobo lwe ukutshala imali i-nuance ongayitholi ezincwadini zokufunda.
Elinye ikhanda elisebenzayo liwukukhipha umoya. Njengoba insimbi encibilikisiwe igcwalisa umgodi, umoya ovaleleke ngaphakathi kwenkaba kufanele uphume. Uma ingakwazi, i-back-pressure ivimbela ukugcwaliswa okuphelele, noma igesi ivaleleka ekusakazeni. Simba izimbobo ezincane zokungenisa umoya ezindaweni ezingabalulekile zomongo, kodwa ukubekwa kwazo kuwubuciko. Abaningi kakhulu benza buthaka umnyombo; ambalwa kakhulu adala amaphutha. Ikholi yokwahlulela esuselwe kuvolumu yomgogodla kanye nejometri, evamise ukucwengwa ngokuthululwa kwesilingo.
Ubambiswano Nomenzi Ochwepheshe
Lena akuyona into oyi-oda kukhathalogi. Kuyinqubo yokuthuthukisa ngokubambisana. Eminyakeni edlule, sincike kakhulu kochwepheshe. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) iletha inani elithile lapha. Ngeminyaka yabo engama-30 ukubunjwa kwegobolondo futhi ukutshala imali, baqonda lonke iketango lenqubo. Uma uxoxa nabo ngomklamo owumongo, abagcini nje ngokucabanga ngomongo bebodwa. Bacabanga ukuthi lisebenzisana kanjani nesistimu yegobolondo labo, i-autoclave yabo ekhishwa ngewaxing, umkhuba wabo wokuthela. insimbi engagqwali ngokumelene no-a ingxubevange ekhethekile.
Ngavakashela isikhungo sabo kanye, ngibuyekeza iphrojekthi yesigungu se-valve ngensimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex. Umnyombo wawunephakethe elijulile, elincane. Unjiniyela wabo ngokushesha waveza inkinga engase ixazulule. Isiphakamiso sabo bekuwukushintsha kancane ukubukeka kwesilinganiselo sephakethe futhi kucaciswe ukwakheka okunomgogodla omboza kakhudlwana kuleyo ndawo ethile ukuze kusheshiswe ukuqedwa kwamakhemikhali. Lokho ukucabanga okuhlanganisiwe. Ivela ekubeni ne CNC imishini amandla angaphakathi endlini futhi-bangashintsha ngokushesha ithuluzi le-wax core dies ngokusekelwe kumpendulo evela ekuhlolweni kokuqala, banciphise iluphu yentuthuko. Ungabona indlela yabo esizeni sabo kokuthi https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
Ubudlelwano buyisihluthulelo ngoba ngemuva kokwenziwa komnyombo, umthwalo wemfanelo awupheli. Kunokuhlolwa kwe-athikili yokuqala, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ukuskena kwe-CT ukuze kuqhathaniswe umongo we-ceramic ocishiwe nemodeli ye-CAD, ihlola ukuhlanekezela. Bese kuba nenqubo yokulungisa umongo efashini lomjovo we-wax. Umenzi onguchwepheshe uzovame ukuhlinzeka ngokulungiswa noma amaphrothokholi anemininingwane. Umphakeli ojwayelekile uvele athumele ibhokisi lezingxenye ezintekenteke.
Ukwehluleka Iphuzu Ledatha
Awusebenzanga naye izinsimbi ze-ceramic uze ube nokwehluleka okumangalisayo. Okukodwa okunginamathelayo kwakungeyomshini wempompi omkhulu wezimboni. Ama-cores ayemakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Badubula kahle basinda besakha amagobolondo. Ukuthela kwe insimbi uhambe kahle. Inkinga ivele ngesikhathi sokunyakaziswa. Umnyombo wawungeke uvele. Sizame ukucwiliswa kwamanzi okunwetshiwe, ukushaqeka okushisayo, ngisho nokugeza nge-ultrasonic. Izingcezu zahlala zihlanganisiwe ezindimeni zangaphakathi. I-post-mortem yembule inkinga: i-core binder yayihlanganyele nokungcola okuthile obumbani olusetshenziswe ku-slurry coat eyinhloko yegobolondo, yakha isixhumi esibonakalayo se-ceramic esixutshiwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu. I-core material yayilungile. Impahla yegobolondo yayilungile. Kodwa inhlanganisela yabo, ngaphansi kwalezo zimo ezithile, yayiyinhlekelele.
Lokho kwehluleka kwasifundisa ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi sihlole ukuhambisana—ukudubula ingxenye encane yomgogodla ngokumelene nesistimu yegobolondo langempela le-slurry esihlela ukulisebenzisa, bese sihlola ukunamathela. Isinyathelo esilula manje esesijwayelekile enqubweni yethu. Kwangifundisa futhi lokho ku ukutshala imali, yonke into iyingxenye yesistimu. Awukwazi ukuthuthukisa eyodwa endaweni engenalutho.
Okunye okuvamile, ukwehluleka okuthule ukukhukhuleka kwe-dimensional. Ingqikithi ingase ifanelekele izingcezu zokuqala ezingu-100, bese uqala ukubona ithrendi efinyelela emkhawulweni ophezulu wokubekezelela. Imvamisa ithuluzi—idayizi elisetshenziselwa ukwakha i-wax core—lidilika. Noma kungaba ushintsho olucashile emkhathini wesithando somlilo. Ukubamba lokhu kudinga ukulawulwa kwenqubo yezibalo okuqinile, ukulinganisa hhayi nje ukusakaza kokugcina, kodwa ingqikithi ye-ceramic ezigabeni eziningi. Kuyakhathaza, kodwa kuvimbela inhlekelele ehamba kancane.
Inkokhelo Engasuliwe
Lapho konke kuhlangana, i i-ceramic core yilokho okwenza ukusakaza okungenakwenzeka. Cabanga ngensingo ye-turbine blade eneziteshi zokupholisa eziyinkimbinkimbi ezilandela i-airfoil contour. Ayikho enye indlela engafinyelela leyo geometry yangaphakathi njenge-cast. Inani alikho nje ekudaleni isikhala esingenalutho; kusekudaleni umzila wokugeleza oklanywe kahle ovumela injini ukuthi isebenze ngokushisa kakhulu, ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana. Yilapho izindleko eziphezulu zokuthuthukisa nokukhiqiza lezi zinhlamvu zifanelekile.
Okwenkampani efana QSY, umsebenzi wawo osukela ezimbonini insimbi izingxenye ekusebenzeni okuphezulu ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt, ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo buyibhuloho phakathi kwalezi zimakethe. Izimiso ziyafana, kodwa izikali zokubulawa zilinganisa ngokunemba kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ikhono lokuphatha leyo spectrum ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa yilo elihlukanisa isitolo somsebenzi nozakwethu weqiniso wobunjiniyela.
Ngakho-ke ngokuzayo uma ubheka ukutshala izimali okuyinkimbinkimbi, khumbula umgogodla ongabonakali ngaphakathi. Lokho i-ceramic core yaqala yaba inhlama, yalolongwa, yashiswa, yaphathwa, yazungezwa ngengcina, yanameka, yaqhunyiswa futhi, yacwiliswa ensimbi encibilikisiwe, futhi ekugcineni yancibilika. Ukuphila kwayo konke kuyisenzo sesikhashana sokunemba, okushiya kuphela umgodi ophelele ngemuva. Ukulungisa lokho kuwuhhafu wempi ekwenzeni ukulingisa okungekuhle nje, kodwa okufanele ukundiza, izinga lokutshala, noma okubalulekile ekufezekiseni umgomo. Akusona nje isimeli.
