Uma abantu bekhuluma ngokuphonswa kwe-wax elahlekile, bavame ukugxila emaphethini we-wax noma ukuthululwa kwensimbi yokugcina. I-ceramic slurry? Kubhekwa njengopende olula, isinyathelo sangemuva. Iphutha lokuqala lelo. Eqinisweni, i-slurry ingumenzi wangempela wokubunjwa; ukuziphatha kwayo kunquma ukuthi uthola ukulingwa okungenasici noma inqwaba yezilahleko ezibizayo. Akuyona impahla. Inqwaba esebenzela insimbi engagqwali ingase yehluleke ngokuyingozi engxenyeni yengxube ye-nickel-based alloy enezindonga ezincane. Ngibone izitolo eziningi kakhulu, ngisho nezinolwazi, ziyithatha njengengxube yobukhulu obubodwa, kuphela ukubhekana nokuqhekeka kwamagobolondo, ukufakwa, noma ukuqedwa okubi kakhulu, bese isola ukuchithwa kwe-waxing noma isithando somlilo. Iqiniso ngokuvamile liqala ngethangi le-slurry.
Kungaphezu Kodaka Nje - Ukwakheka Kuyingxoxo
Isisekelo silula: ufulawa we-refractory (njenge-silica ehlanganisiwe noma i-zircon) kanye ne-binder, ngokuvamile i-colloidal silica noma i-ethyl silicate. Kodwa okulula kuphelela lapho. Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana zofulawa kubalulekile. Udinga inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ezimahhadlahhadla nezicolile ukuze ufinyelele ukuminyana okufanele kokupakisha. Kuhle kakhulu, futhi uzothola ukuncipha nokuqhekeka ngokweqile ngesikhathi somiswa nokudubula. Imaholoholo, futhi isiphetho sakho esingaphezulu sizoba nzima, silahlekelwe yiyo yonke imininingwane oyisebenze kanzima ukuze uyithwebule ku-wax. Ngomsebenzi wethu omningi nge i-ceramic slurry yokukhishwa kwe-wax elahlekile kwa-QSY, sincike ohlelweni olusekelwe ku-zircon lwama-alloys okushisa okuphezulu. Inokuphikiswa okuphezulu, okungaxoxiswana ngakho uma uthela ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt amemezayo esithandweni.
Inketho yokuhlanganisa ingolunye ucingo lokwahlulela. I-Colloidal silica isebenziseka kalula, isekelwe emanzini, kodwa yakha amandla kancane. I-Ethyl silicate yakha igobolondo eliqine kakhulu ngokushesha, kodwa isekelwe etshwaleni—ingozi yomlilo, isilawuli se-viscosity esikhohlisayo, futhi ingenza igobolondo liqine kakhulu, okuholela ezinyembezini ezishisayo ensimbi. Sisebenzisa kokubili, kodwa ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinezingxenye ezincane zensimbi noma ezingenasici, sivame ukuhamba nesistimu ye-hybrid. Imayelana nokulinganisa amandla aluhlaza, amandla avuthayo, nokungena. Ayikho impendulo yencwadi yokufunda; iresiphi oyilungisayo ngokusekelwe kumswakama endaweni yokusebenzela ngalolo suku.
Bese kuba khona izithasiselo. Amaconsi ambalwa e-ejenti yokumanzisa ukunciphisa ukushuba kwendawo ukuze udaka lwembese i-wax ngokulinganayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinobuqili ze-hydrophobic. I-defoamer iyadingeka—amabhamuza omoya avaleleke amagobolondo akhubazekile alindele ukwenzeka. Kwesinye isikhathi iphesenti elincane lesengezo esikhethekile sokulwa ne-vein liyadingeka kumajiyometri athile ukuvimbela lokho kuqhekeka kwezinwele ku-ceramic. Uxuba lokhu, futhi awukubheki nje; uyazizwa. I-viscosity kufanele igqoke umunwe wakho ngendlela ethile, ishiye ungqimba olulinganayo, olukhanyayo. Siyihlola ngenkomishi ye-Zahn, kodwa abafana abanolwazi bayazi ngendlela econsa ngayo.
UDeveli Usenqubweni: I-Rheology kanye Nokulawula
Ukuxuba akukhona nje ukuphonsa izinto ethangini. Kuyinqubo elawulwayo, evamise ukunensa, ukugwema ukushaya umoya emiksini. Sisebenzisa i-propeller mixer ene-engeli ethile ye-blade. Ngemuva kokuxuba, i-slurry idinga ubudala-ngezinye izikhathi amahora angu-24-ukuze ikhemistry ikwazi ukuzinza. I-rheology yayo iyashintsha. I-slurry esanda kuxutshwa ingase iphume ngokushesha esihlahleni se-wax, ishiye ijazi elincanyana, elibuthakathaka. Umuntu osekhulile uzoba nempahla engcono ye-thixotropic: igeleza lapho inyakaza kodwa ibambe isimo sayo lapho imile, yakha ungqimba olufanayo.
Imingcele yokulawula iyimikhuba yansuku zonke. Ukuminyana (noma amandla adonsela phansi athile) kuhlolwa ngokwenkolo. Njengoba amanzi ehwamuka, ukuminyana kuyakhuphuka, futhi kufanele ukulungise futhi ngamanzi acwecwe. I-viscosity iyahlolwa ngaphambi kweshifti ngayinye. I-pH ibalulekile kumasistimu e-silica e-colloidal; uma ikhukhuleka, izinhlayiya ze-silica zingaqala ukugeleza ngaphambi kwesikhathi, zicekele phansi yonke inqwaba. Ngilahlekelwe ithangi elingu-500-litre kanye ngoba kusetshenziswe ibhakede elingcolile, ukushintsha i-pH. Leso kwakuyisifundo esibiza izindleko zokuziphatha. Awugcini nje ngokugcina uketshezi; ugcina isistimu ebukhoma, ye-colloidal.
Ukucwilisa ama-wax ahlanganayo kuwubuciko. Ijazi lokuqala, noma ijazi eliyinhloko, libaluleke kakhulu. Ichaza ukuphela kwendawo. Sivame ukusebenzisa ufulawa ocolekile lapha, ngezinye izikhathi size singeze i-zircon yezinga elicolekileyo. Isikhathi sokukhipha amanzi, ukuzungeza kwesihlahla ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlanganisana, ukulawula uthuli lwendawo ezungezile—yonke into ibalulekile. Ngemva kwejazi lokuqala, ngokushesha sifaka i-stucco (isihlabathi esimahhadla) kuyilapho udaka lusemanzi. Bese kuba umjikelezo: ukomisa, ukucwiliswa, ukugxilisa, ukomisa. Indawo yokomisa (izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukugeleza komoya) ibaluleke kakhulu njengodaka ngokwalo. Ukushesha lokhu kuholela kumagobolondo aluhlaza anomswakama obanjiwe, aphenduke abe isitimu futhi aqhume ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwe-wax.
I-Case in Point: I-Nickel-based Alloy Turbine Blade
Yilapho ithiyori ihlangana khona nomlilo. Sibe nephrojekthi yeqoqo elincane lezindwani ze-nickel alloy turbine. Amaphethini we-wax ayeyinkimbinkimbi, eneziteshi zokupholisa zangaphakathi. Ukugijima kokuqala kusebenzise ifomula yethu evamile ye-steel alloy slurry. Umphumela? Ama-blade amaningana abonise imifantu emihle emaphethelweni alandelanayo ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-wax ku-autoclave. Igobolondo beliqinile kakhulu futhi alikwazanga ukumelana nokunwetshwa kwe-wax okusheshayo. Ukwehluleka bekukuhlelo lwe-slurry-binder; yayiqine kakhulu, ishwabene kakhulu kule geometry.
Ukulungiswa kwaba ukulungiswa okunezinhlangothi eziningi ku- i-ceramic slurry yokukhishwa kwe-wax elahlekile. Okokuqala, sinciphise kancane isilinganiso se-binder kumajazi amabili okuqala ukuze sivumele ukuguquguquka okuncane kakhulu. Okwesibili, sishintshe i-stucco sejazi lokuqala sayisa esihlabathini esingama-angular kancane, esiyindilinga ukuze sinciphise amaphuzu okugxilisa ingqondo. Okwesithathu, sandise isikhathi sokumisa phakathi kwamajazi okuqala ngo-50%. Kwehlisa izinga lokukhiqiza, kodwa kwasebenza. Amagobolondo ayenamandla anele okuphatha insimbi kodwa ukungena okwanele kanye ne-micro-nikeza ukuze asinde ekukhishweni. Lolu hlobo lokuxazulula inkinga lujwayelekile esitolo esifana naso I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), lapho iphothifoliyo yezinto ezibonakalayo ukusuka ku-cast iron kuya kuma-alloys akhethekile kukuphoqa ukuthi uhloniphe i-slurry njengento eguquguqukayo, hhayi engashintshi.
Elinye iphuzu elicashile: kulawa ma-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu, igobolondo alidingi nje ukumelana nezinga lokushisa elithelayo, kodwa futhi nokushisa okude njengoba isikhungo esikhulu sokuphonsa siqina kancane. I-slurry eshiswa noma ithambe ngaphambi kwesikhathi kakhulu ingaholela ekungeneni kwensimbi, idale indawo embi, ehlanganisiwe okuyiphupho elibi ukuyihlanza. Ifomula yethu ye-zircon slurry, ethuthukiswe iminyaka, iklanyelwe ukugcina ubuqotho bayo kuze kube sekupheleni, yingakho singakwazi ukuphatha ngokuthembekile izilinganiso ezidingekayo zezingxenye ezisekelwe ku-cobalt ne-nickel.
Izingibe Ezivamile kanye Nemizwa Yakho
Ngaphandle kokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe, kukhona intuition. I-slurry esetshenziswe ukucwiliswa okuningi iqoqa uthuli olusuka ku-stucco kanye ne-hydrolyzed binder. Iba mkhulu, usayizi wayo wezinhlayiyana uyashintsha. Awukwazi ukumane ungeze amanzi ukuze ulungise i-viscosity; ehlambulula okuqukethwe kwe-binder. Udinga ukuvuselela ithangi ngezikhathi ezithile nge-slurry entsha. Kukhona indawo emnandi emjikelezweni wokuphila wethangi lapho ibhalansile kahle—imvamisa ngemva kwemijikelezo embalwa yokuvuselela.
Inkinga eyodwa eqhubekayo ukugeleza kwamanzi okudaka okudala unqenqema noma ukunqwabelana okuwugqinsi phansi kwephethini ye-wax. Lokhu kudala umehluko wesisindo esishisayo ngesikhathi sokuthela, okuholela ekuncipheni kwe-porosity ensimbi kuleyo ndawo. Isixazululo asihlali sikudaka ngokwaso, kodwa endleleni yokucwilisa—ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukucwilisa, ujikeleze ama-degree angu-180, uphinde ucwilise ukuze uthole ijazi elilinganayo. Ukulungiswa ngesandla.
Ekugcineni, ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-slurry kanye nokudubula okulandelayo. Igobolondo kufanele lishiswe ukuze kushiswe noma iyiphi ingcina eyinsalela kanye nezivunguvungu futhi kuthuthukiswe amandla ayo okugcina. Uma ifomula ye-slurry icishiwe, igobolondo lingaphuma noma liqhekeke ngesikhathi sokudubula. Sihlala senza ukuhlolwa kokudubula kugobolondo kusuka kunqwaba entsha noma ifomula ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekukhiqizeni. Umshwalense oshibhile. Igobolondo elibasiwe kufanele libe nombala ongaguquki kanye ne-ping ecacile, ezwakalayo lapho uthephe kancane. I-thud epholile isho inkinga-cishe amandla aphansi noma imifantu emincane.
Isiphetho: Isisekelo Siyikho Konke
Ngakho-ke, ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu kulo mdlalo e-QSY, kusukela ekubunjweni kwegobolondo kuya ekubunjweni kokutshalwa kwezimali okuyinkimbinkimbi, uma kunento eyodwa okufanele ushayele ekhaya, yilena: ungalokothi ubukele phansi igumbi elinodaka. I i-ceramic slurry yokukhishwa kwe-wax elahlekile iyinkontileka eyisisekelo phakathi kwephethini ye-wax nensimbi encibilikisiwe. Iwuhlelo oluguqukayo, oluphilayo oludinga ukuhlonishwa nokubhekwa njalo. Ungaba ne-wax ehamba phambili, i-gating design efanelekile, kanye nesithando somlilo esilinganisiwe, kodwa udaka olulawulwa kabi luzolulaza konke. Akuwona umsebenzi owubukhazikhazi—imvamisa uba nesiphithiphithi futhi uyaphindaphinda—kodwa ikhwalithi yayo yonke into elandelayo yakhiwe, isendlalelo ngesendlalelo, kulelo thangi. Ubungcweti bangempela abukho nje ekuwuxubeni neshidi elicacisiwe; kusekwazini ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani ukuze uthole ingxenye esesihlahleni namuhla, ingxubevange ethelwa ngeviki elizayo, kanye nenkinga oyixazululile kodwa ungase ubone futhi ngendlela ehlukile. Yilokho ubuciko.
