Uma uzwa 'ukusakazwa kwamandla adonsela phansi', abantu abaningi, ngisho nabathile kwezohwebo, bafanekisela ukuthululwa okulula. Vele utshekise ilelidi bese uvumela amandla adonsela phansi enze umsebenzi, akunjalo? Lokho ukwenza kube lula kakhulu. Akukhona ukuba mdala; imayelana nokulawula. Ubuciko bangempela-kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu-lisekulawuleni amandla okushisa kanye nomklamo wesikhunta ukuze uthole ukusakazwa komsindo ngaphandle kosizo lwengcindezi. Ngibone imisebenzi eminingi esheshayo lapho insimbi ibonakala ilungile phezulu, kodwa isakhiwo sangaphakathi siwukubhebhetheka, okuholela ekuhlulekeni phansi komugqa. Kuyinqubo edinga isineke nokuqonda okujulile kokuthi ingxubevange yakho ethile iziphatha kanjani njengoba iphola ngaphansi kwalutho ngaphandle kwesisindo sayo.
Isimiso Esiyinhloko kanye nokuthi Ifanelanaphi
Enhliziyweni yakhe, amandla adonsela phansi iyinqubo yesikhunta unomphela. Unesikhunta esisebenziseka kabusha, ngokuvamile insimbi noma insimbi, futhi uthembele kumandla adonsela phansi ukugcwalisa umgodi. Awekho amaphampu, akukho ukucindezela okuphezulu. Lokhu kuyenza ihluke ekusakazeni okunomfutho ophezulu ngokushesha. Ukugcwaliswa kuhamba kancane, i-laminar eyengeziwe uma uthola kahle. Lokho kuyisihluthulelo sezinto ezithile. Isibonelo, ngamanye ama-alloys e-aluminium noma asekelwe kukhopha, ukugcwaliswa okunyakazayo kungabamba ama-oxide negesi, kudale izindawo ezibuthakathaka. Ukuthululwa kwamandla adonsela phansi, lapho uhlelo lokungena luklanywe ngendlela efanele, lunganciphisa lokho.
Kodwa akusona isixazululo esilingana konke. Kukhanya kuphi? Ngokugijima kwevolumu emaphakathi yezingxenye ezidinga izakhiwo ezingcono zokuwalungisa kunalezo ovame ukuzithola ekusakazeni okufa kwengcindezi ephezulu. Cabanga ngezingxenye zezimoto ezifana nezikhali ezimisiwe, abakaki abathile benjini, noma izindlu ezinkulu. Ukuqiniswa okuhamba kancane ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi kungaholela kusakhiwo esiminyene, esinezimbotshana ezincane. Kodwa-ke, ukuhwebelana yisikhathi somjikelezo kanye nezindleko zangaphambili zesikhunta esihle, esihlala njalo esihlala njalo. Isibalo: ingabe ubuqotho obuphakeme bengxenye buzothethelela izinga lokukhiqiza elihamba kancane uma liqhathaniswa nokulingisa ukufa?
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yendlu yephampu, umumo oyinkimbinkimbi enobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bezindonga. Iklayenti ekuqaleni lalifuna ukulingisa ukufa ngesivinini. Sabanga amandla adonsela phansi esikhunjeni se-semi-steel. Inkulumo-mpikiswano yayimayelana nokuphila isikhathi eside. I-Die casting yayizoshesha, kodwa amandla e-micro-porosity ezingxenyeni eziwugqinsi kwakuyingozi yomkhumbi wokucindezela. Senze ama-prototypes ngezindlela zombili. Ingxenye ye-gravity-cast, ngemva komshini, ibonise ubuqotho obungaguquki ekuhlolweni kwengcindezi. I-die-cast ibe nenani eliphezulu le-scrap ngenxa yokuvuza. Lokho kugcwaliswa okuhamba kancane kanye nokuqina okuqondisayo kwenza umehluko.
UDeveli Ngemininingwane: Idizayini Yesikhunta kanye Nokuphathwa Kwe-Thermal
Yilapho 'isandla sengcweti' singena khona, nanamuhla. Idizayini yesikhunta yokuphonsa amandla adonsela phansi iyonke. Isango—indlela insimbi engena ngayo emgodini—akuwona nje umzila; iwuhlelo lokulawula olushisayo nolwe-hydraulic. Udinga ukuyiklama ukuze unciphise isiyaluyalu kodwa futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izingxenye eziwugqinsi zondliwa ngendlela efanele njengoba insimbi ishwabana. Ngisebenzise amahora amaningi nge-software yokulingisa ukugeleza, kodwa kufanele ngilungise isikhunta sangempela noma kunjalo ngoba amamodeli we-software abengaphelele kunqwaba yethu ethile yealloy.
Bese kuba nezinga lokushisa lesikhunta. Lena impi engapheli. Kubanda kakhulu, futhi insimbi izophola ngokushesha okukhulu, okuholela ekungeneni kwama-mistruns noma ekuvaleni okubandayo. Kushisa kakhulu, futhi uzibeka engcupheni ye-soldering (i-casting enamathela esikhunjeni), imijikelezo ehamba kancane, kanye nesakhiwo esibuthakathaka, esibuthakathaka. Uthuthukisa isigqi. Fafaza, thela, pholisa, khipha, fafaza futhi. Uhlobo lwejazi lokufa olisebenzisayo—isifutho esenziwe nge-ceramic—sithinta ukukhipha nokukhululwa kokushisa. Ukuthola lokho kuvumelana kuwubuciko obuningi kunesayensi ngezinye izikhathi. Inkampani enalokhu kwehla, njengokuthi I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), isebenzisa amashumi eminyaka alolu lwazi olungasho lutho. Ungayibona ekuvumelaneni kokulingisa kwabo. Bahlale kulokhu iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), futhi lokho okwenziwayo kuhumusha ngokuqondile ukuthi baphatha kanjani imijikelezo yokushisa kwesikhunta kuzo zonke izinto ezihlukene, kusukela kunsimbi ekhonjiwe kuye kuma-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel.
Ukwehluleka okwangifundisa okuningi kwakunengalo ye-lever ebukeka ilula ku-ductile iron. Idizayini yesikhunta yayibukeka njengencwadi yokufunda. Kodwa sasilokhu sithola i-shrinkage porosity endaweni ebalulekile ethwala umthwalo. Sizamile ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa elithelayo, sengeza izikhuphukeli... akukho okusebenzayo. Ekugcineni, umsunguli omdala uphakamise ukuthi sifake iphinikhodi ye-copper encane, ene-conductivity ephezulu odongeni lwesikhunta olubhekene nendawo yenkinga. Yayingekho kunoma iyiphi imanuwali esasinayo. Kuphoqe leyo ndawo ukuthi iqine kuqala, iqondise ukushwabana kubuyele esikhuphukeni. Inkinga ixazululiwe. Kwakuyisifundo esinonya ekulawuleni ukufudumala kwendawo.
Izinto Ezikhethwayo Nemikhawulo
Ukusakazwa kwamandla adonsela phansi iguquguquka, kodwa akunjalo ngokungapheli. I-Aluminium ne-magnesium alloys zivamile, ngokuvamile ngenxa ye-fluidity yazo enhle. Amathusi athile kanye nama-bronze athululela kahle. I-cast iron nensimbi kwenziwa futhi ngezinqubo zamandla adonsela phansi, nakuba ngokuvamile ezibunjeni zesihlabathi esikhundleni sokubumba insimbi ehlala njalo ngenxa yamazinga okushisa azo okuthela ngokweqile, angacekela phansi isikhunta sensimbi ngokushesha. Uma ubheka uchwepheshe ofana ne-QSY, ubuchwepheshe babo buhlanganisa isikhunta segobolondo kanye nokutshala imali eceleni kwamakhono abo okwenza imishini. Kuyasho lokhu. Ukukhipha amandla adonsela phansi ezibunjeni ezihlala njalo kuyithuluzi elilodwa. Kuma-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu noma amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo, angase ashintshele ekulingiseni utshalomali. Ukuzikhethela kuhlale kuqhutshwa ukuziphatha kwento kanye nesidingo sokugcina sengxenye.
Umkhawulo ngesikhunta unomphela amandla adonsela phansi empeleni imayelana nokubekezelela isikhunta ukushisa. Ngeke uthele insimbi engagqwali encibilikisiwe ku-1500°C+ esikhunjeni sensimbi ngokuphindaphindiwe—izosonteka futhi yonakale ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ezintweni ezincibilika kakhulu, ubona ukuthuthela esikhunjeni esisodwa se-ceramic shell (utshalomali) noma isikhunta sesihlabathi, lapho isikhunta sihlatshelwa khona. Umgomo 'wamandla adonsela phansi' usengasebenza ekutheleni, kodwa uhlelo lwesikhunta luhlukile. Lona umehluko obalulekile ovame ukufihlwa.
Sazama kanye ngengxenye ye-alloy esekwe ku-cobalt. Iklayenti lalifuna ukumelana nokugqokwa kodwa lithemba ukuthi lizothola isikhunta esihlala njalo sezindleko. Ukuqulwa kwecala kwaba inhlekelele. Ngisho noma kunezingubo zobumba ezithuthukisiwe, ukushaqeka okushisayo ensimbi yokubumba kwaba yinhlekelele ngemva kokuthululwa okumbalwa. Kwadingeka sibuyele emuva futhi sincome umzila wokukhipha imali onembayo, abawusebenzise ekugcineni. Kufanele wazi imingcele yenqubo.
Ukuhlanganiswa Nomshini: Ukugeleza Okungenazihibe
Cishe ayikho ingxenye ye-gravity-cast eqediwe njengokusakazwa. Kufanele umshini wobuso obubucayi, ubhoboze izimbobo, wengeze imicu. Yilapho inqubo yokulingisa idinga ukuklanywa kucatshangwa ngomshini. Ukuvumelana kuyinkosi yochwepheshe bemishini. Uma inqubo yakho yokulingisa iveza ukuhlukahluka kokuqina kodonga noma izindawo eziqinile kusukela ekupholiseni okungalingani, uzosha phakathi kwamathuluzi futhi uthole ukuhlakazeka kobukhulu. Ukugijima kahle amandla adonsela phansi inqubo kufanele ikhiqize izibonelelo zesitoko ezifanayo.
Lokhu kuyinzuzo yokusebenza okuhlanganiswe mpo. Inkampani eyenza kokubili ukusakaza kanye nomshini we-CNC ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njenge-QSY, ine-loop yempendulo ewusizo kakhulu. Ithimba lemishini litshela umsunguli uma i-lug ethile ihlala iqinile kakhulu, noma uma ubuso be-datum bunokuhlukahluka okuningi. I-Foundry ingakwazi ukulungisa ukupholisa kwesikhunta noma ukulandelana kokuthulula. Yilokhu kuhlanganiswa okuguqula ukusakaza okuhle kube ingxenye ethembekile, enembayo. Iwebhusayithi yabo (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com) igqamisa lokhu kusebenzisana—akulona nje uhlu lwezinkonzo; kuyincazelo yokugeleza kokukhiqiza okuxhunyiwe.
Ngikhumbula iqoqo lezindlu ze-aluminium lapho isivuno semishini yehla ngokuzumayo. Ochwepheshe bemishini bebekhononda ngokuguga kwamathuluzi ngokushesha endaweni ethile yangaphakathi ethile. Ukulingisa kubukeka kuhle. Silandelele emuva ekushintsheni kwephethini ye-die coat spray. Ibibangela ukuthi leyo ndawo yesikhunta isebenze ngokuphola kancane, idale i-microstructure ecinene, eqinile kulobo buso bokubunjwa. Ukulungiswa okuncane endleleni yerobhothi lesifutho kwakulungisa. Ngaphandle kwamaqembu abalingisi nabenzi bemishini ekhuluma nsuku zonke, leyo nkinga ngabe idonse amasonto.
Izingibe Ezivamile kanye Nendlela Yokuzigwema
Ngaphandle kwezinto zobuchwepheshe, kunezihibe ezingokoqobo. Enye iwukuba nzima kakhulu isikhunta ukuze kuncishiswe umshini. Kwesinye isikhathi ishibhile ukulahla umumo olula bese ususa insimbi eningi kunokwakha nokugcina isikhunta esiyinkimbinkimbi ngobuhlanya esinamacores ashabalala. Okunye ukudebeselela uhlelo lokulungisa isikhunta. Imifantu, ukuguguleka kwamasango, ijazi elakhiwe—lokhu kwehlisa kancane ikhwalithi. Udinga uhlobo oluqinile lokuhlolwa nokulungiswa kabusha.
Ugibe olukhulu, ngokubona kwami, ukwelapha amandla adonsela phansi njengenketho 'yobuchwepheshe obuphansi' ngakho-ke ukungatshali imali kancane ekulawuleni inqubo. Ukuqapha kuthulula izinga lokushisa ngokunembile, ukulawula izindawo zokushisa kwesikhunta, kusetshenziswa ikhwalithi enhle, impahla yokushaja engaguquki—lezi akuzona izindawo zokusika amakhona. Inqubo yamandla adonsela phansi iyathethelela ngandlela thize, kodwa ijezisa ukungahambisani kahle. Amaphutha angase angabonakali kuze kube ukuhlolwa kokugcina noma, okubi nakakhulu, ensimini.
Okokugcina, ukuxhumana nomklami kubalulekile. Ngokuvamile udinga ukubafundisa ngama-engeli asalungiswa, ukuguquguquka kokuqina kodonga, nokubaluleka kwezigaba ezifanayo zale nqubo. Idizayini efanelekile yokubumba noma yokwenza ingase ibe yiphupho elibi ukusakaza ngokuzwakalayo. Ukubandakanyeka kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema iphrojekthi eyinkinga. Imayelana nokusetha okulindelekile okungokoqobo okusekelwe ku-physics yensimbi egelezayo futhi iqina ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo—umqondo olula ngokukhohlisayo, empeleni, odinga ukujula kwesipiliyoni ukuze ube yingcweti.
