Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa 'izingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga,' bacabanga ngento esindayo, eshibhile, futhi elula. Iphutha lokuqala lelo. Iqiniso lihluke kakhulu, futhi ukwenza kube iphutha phansi kwesitolo kubiza imali yangempela nesikhathi.
Ihhashi Lokusebenza Elingaqondwa Kahle
Masicacise: insimbi empunga ayikhethwa ngenxa yamandla ayo aqinile. Uyisebenzisela ukudambisa amandla ayo kanye nokumelana nokugqoka. Ngibone amadizayini amaningi kakhulu lapho othile ecacisa khona insimbi eyi-ductile noma insimbi yendlu noma isisekelo, ejaha inombolo yamandla aphezulu kushidi elicacisiwe, ukuze yonke inhlangano idlidlize njengemfoloko yokushuna noma igqoke ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezindaweni zokuxhumana ezislayidayo. Ama-graphite flakes ensimbi empunga ayisikhali sawo esiyimfihlo. Asebenza njengama-dampers akhelwe ngaphakathi futhi ahlinzeka ngomphumela wokugcoba. Kuyimpahla ehamba phambili ngaphansi kokucindezelwa, hhayi ukungezwani. Uma ingxenye yakho ngokuyinhloko ibona imithwalo ecindezelayo futhi idinga ukuhlala ithule futhi izinzile, insimbi empunga ngokuvamile iwukukhetha okuhlakaniphile, okongayo.
Yilapho isipiliyoni ngenqubo ye-Foundry siba bucayi khona. Izinga lokupholisa ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa lilawula ngokuqondile usayizi we-graphite flake nokusabalalisa, okubuye kunqume izici zokugcina. Ingxenye enengxenye ewugqinsi kanye nengxenye encane epholile ngendlela efanayo izoba nama-microstructures ahlukene. Ngikhumbula inqwaba yezisekelo zamathuluzi omshini esawathola eminyakeni edlule ezathuthukisa ubulukhuni obungaguquguquki endaweni yokukhweza umzila. Inkinga kwakungelona ibanga lezinto ezibonakalayo; kwakuwukubekwa kwezikhuphukeli nezinga lokushisa elithelayo, okwaholela emakhazeni kwezinye izindawo negraphite ethambile kwezinye. Umdwebo usanda kuthi I-Class 30 Gray Iron, kodwa lokho akwanele. Kwakudingeka sisebenze ne-Foundry ekwakhiweni kwephethini kanye nesistimu yokungena.
Izinkampani ebezikumdlalo wokulingisa amashumi eminyaka, njengawo I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), qonda lokhu ngaphakathi. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ekulingiseni nasekukhiqizeni imishini, bazibonile lezi zingibe. Uma upheqa iphothifoliyo yabo ku tsngtaocnc.com, awubheki nje izingxenye eziqediwe; ubheka ukuqonda okujulile kwenqubo. Ngoba izingxenye zemishini yensimbi empunga, lokhu kusho ukwazi indlela yokuklama isikhunta nokulawula inqubo ukuze uthole isakhiwo esifanele ezindaweni ezifanele, ikakhulukazi izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Imishini: Lapho Inselelo Yangempela Ivame Ukulala Khona
Ukulingisa kuyingxenye yendaba. Ukwenziwa kwezingxenye zensimbi ezimpunga kuwumsebenzi wawo okhethekile. Uthuli oludume kabi - i-graphite ecolekile nezinhlayiya zensimbi - ziyahuzuka futhi zitholakala yonke indawo. Idala umonakalo kumagayidi emishini nezikulufu zebhola uma ingalawulwa ngendlela enolaka ngokuhlunga nokuvaleka okufanele. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa amasu okupholisa afanayo nanjengensimbi; izinhlawulo zingavala izinhlelo. Lokhu sikufunde kanzima emsebenzini omkhulu wokwenza amaphampu wezindlu. Isibandisi sethu esijwayelekile esincibilika emanzini siphenduke udaka olwacekela phansi ama-pump seal ngesonto. Sashintshela kwesipholile esine-viscous, esikhethekile sokuhlunga futhi sahlanganisa imijikelezo yokulungisa.
Bese kuba namathuluzi. Okufakwayo kwe-carbide okunejiyometri ebukhali, eqondile kusebenza kahle, kodwa impilo yamathuluzi ingase ingabikezeleki uma ushaya ukufakwa kwesihlabathi noma indawo eqinile ekupholiseni okusheshayo. Amathuluzi e-PCD (i-polycrystalline diamond) mahle kakhulu ekuqedeni ukusebenza kwensimbi ehlanzekile, engaguquki, enikeza impilo emangalisayo, kodwa izindleko zangaphambili ziphezulu. Isibalo: ingxenye yevolumu, ukuphela kwendawo edingekayo, nokubekezelela. Ngokunemba okuphezulu kokunemba kwezihlalo zomzimba zama-valve, sithuthele ku-PCD futhi asizange sibheke emuva—ukungaguquguquki kuzikhokhele.
Yingakho umphakeli ohlanganisa ukusakaza kanye CNC imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njengoba i-QSY yenza, inenzuzo ehlukile. Bangakwazi ukuhlela inqubo yokuphonsa becabanga ngomshini. Bangase bengeze isitokwe esithe xaxa endaweni ethanda ukuncipha, noma bamise umugqa wokuhlukanisa ukuze banciphise umshini endaweni ebucayi yedatha. Lo Mcabango Wokukhiqiza uqeda izinhlungu eziningi zekhanda ezenzeka lapho ukulingisa nokwenza imishini kwenziwa ngabathengisi abahlukene, abanqanyuliwe.
Umbuzo we-Alloying kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo
Insimbi empunga engenalutho (njenge-ASTM Class 20, 30, 35) ifaka ama-80% wezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi udinga okwengeziwe. Ukwengeza i-chromium kukhulisa ubulukhuni nokumelana nokugqokwa kwezingxenye ezifana nezigubhu zamabhuleki noma ama-cylinder liners, kodwa futhi kwenza i-ayoni ibe bushelelezi futhi ibe nzima emshinini. Ukwengezwa kwe-nickel kusiza ukucwenga i-graphite futhi kuthuthukise ukufana namandla, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni eziqinile ukuvimbela ukuthambisa. Kuyisenzo sokulinganisa.
Futhi cishe awulokothi usebenzise indawo yensimbi empunga eluhlaza, efakwe ngomshini kuhlelo lokusebenza oluguqukayo. Idinga ukuvikelwa noma ukuthuthukiswa. I-Phosphating ijwayele ukumelana nokugqwala futhi njengesisekelo sikapende. Ezindaweni ezishelelayo ezifana namaringi e-piston noma amapuleti okucindezela, i-tin plating noma ukuqina kokungeniswa kungase kucaciswe. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yamabhulokhi ama-hydraulic manifold lapho seqe khona ukwelashwa okungaphezulu ukuze songe izindleko. Iphutha elikhulu. Ukugqwala okuncane okungaphezulu kwakheke ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa phesheya kwezilwandle, okwabe sekungcolisa lonke uhlelo lwe-hydraulic lapho kuqala. Izindleko zokwehluleka zanciphisa izindleko zesinyathelo esilula se-phosphating.
Lapho Ihluleka (Futhi Kungani)
Insimbi empunga ikutshela uma ingajabulile. Ukwehluleka kwawo kuvame ukufiphala futhi kusobala. Umsindo we-iron ompunga wakudala - i-thud ethule esikhundleni sendandatho lapho ushaywa - ukuhlola insimu okusheshayo. Ukwehluleka okuningi kwenkundla engikuphenyile kwehlela ezintweni ezintathu: ukusebenzisa i-tensile noma ukushaqeka umthwalo obungahlosiwe ukuwuphatha (njengokusebenzisa ubakaki wensimbi ompunga njengesigaxa), ukushaqeka okushisayo (ukushisisa okusheshayo, okungalingani nokupholisa okubangela imifantu), noma ukugqwala okuvela endaweni engafanele.
Icala elilodwa lalihilela indlu enkulu, yangokwezifiso ye-gearbox. Iphumelele zonke izivivinyo zengcindezi kodwa yahluleka ukusebenza ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ngenxa yokuqhuma kwenhlekelele. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Metallurgical kubonise ukuqhekeka kwavela endaweni engaphansi komhlaba eshwabene eduze nekhona elicijile langaphakathi—isikhuphukeli sokucindezeleka. Ukulingisa ngokwako kuhlangabezane nokucaciswa kwebanga, kodwa idizayini (ikhona elicijile) elihlanganiswe nokungapheleli okuncane, okuvunyelwe kokulingisa kudale iphuzu lokuhluleka. Ukulungiswa kwaba ushintsho olulula kodwa olubalulekile lokuklama: ukwengeza i-fillet radius kulelokhona lephethini, lapho isisekelo, QSY, yayingakwamukela kalula. Yagqamisa ukuthi ukucacisa indaba akwanele; kufanele udizayine inqubo yokulingisa.
I-Niche ye-Shell nokutshala imali ku-Iron
Izingxenye eziningi zensimbi ezimpunga ziyi-sand cast. Kodwa ezingxenyeni ezidinga ukuqedwa okungcono kwangaphezulu, ukubekezelelwa okuqinile njengokusakazwa, noma amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi, azacile, ezinye izinqubo ziqala ukusebenza. Ukubunjwa kwesikhunta seShell, i-QSY ibala njengokukhethekile, kusebenzisa isihlabathi esimbozwe inhlaka ukuze kwakhe isikhunta esiqinile, esinezindonga ezincane. Inikeza isiphetho esibushelelezi kanye nokunemba kobukhulu kunesihlabathi esiluhlaza esivamile. Cabanga ngezici zenjini ezincane, eziyinkimbinkimbi noma imizimba yama-valve asebenza ngogesi.
Ukutshala imali nge-iron akuvamile ngenxa yezindleko, kodwa kusetshenziselwa izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, eziseduze nenetha lapho ukukhanda kungaba nzima noma kumoshe. Ukulungiswa kwemininingwane akufani. Kuyisipesheli ngaphakathi kokukhethekile, futhi ukukubona kufakwe ohlwini umphakeli kubonisa izinga eliphezulu lamandla. Okwezindlu zezinzwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezinamaphasishi angaphakathi, ukushintsha kusuka edizayini yensimbi eyakhiwe kuya engxenyeni yensimbi empunga efakwe utshalomali ehlanganiswe izingxenye eziningi, ukudambisa okuthuthukisiwe, nesikhathi sokuhlanganisa esincishisiwe, naphezu kwezindleko eziphezulu zokulingisa iyunithi.
Imicabango yokugcina: Ukucacisa ngobuhlakani
Ngakho, uma ucacisa izingxenye zemishini yensimbi empunga, dlulela ngale kwekilasi le-ASTM. Cabanga ngomsebenzi: ukudambisa, ukucindezela, ukugqoka. Cabanga ngochungechunge lokukhiqiza: luzosakazwa futhi lwenziwe ngomshini? Xhumana nomphakeli wakho mayelana nezindawo ezibucayi nezindlela zokulayisha. Uzakwethu omuhle ngeke nje acaphune umbhalo; bazobuza imibuzo mayelana nohlelo lokusebenza futhi bangaphakamisa i-tweak yedizayini ecashile noma inqubo ehlukile efana nayo ukubunjwa kwegobolondo ukuthuthukisa ukwethembeka noma ukunciphisa izindleko zizonke. Umgomo uwukusebenzisa amandla emvelo ento, hhayi ukulwa nobuthakathaka bayo. Lowo umehluko phakathi kwengxenye esebenza nje naleyo esebenza kahle amashumi eminyaka.
