Uma uzwa 'inkampani yokwenza imishini enembayo ephezulu,' abantu abaningi babona igumbi elihlanzekile eligcwele imishini eyenziwe eSwitzerland ikhala. Lokho kuyingxenye yakho, impela, kodwa mhlawumbe u-30% wesithombe. Isisindo sangempela sikwesinye esingama-70%—amashumi eminyaka olwazi lwempahla, ukulawulwa kwenqubo okugxilile, futhi ngokungananazi, izibazi ezinqwabelene ezivela emisebenzini lapho 'ukunemba' kwakuwumehluko phakathi kwengxenye ephelele kanye nesisindo sephepha esibiza kakhulu. Akukhona nje ngokuba nomshini we-CNC; kumayelana nokwazi ukuthi kwenzekani ku-alloy esekelwe ku-nickel ngenani elithile lokuphakelayo lapho ubambe ukubekezelela okungu-±0.005mm, nokuba nesibindi sokwenza lolo cingo phansi esitolo.
Isisekelo Akuwona Umshini, Ukulingisa
Lapha yilapho abaningi abasanda kufika bekhubeka. Bacabanga ukuthi ukunemba kuqala esigabeni se-CNC. Ayikwenzi. Iqala kakhulu ekuqaleni, endaweni yokwakhiwa. Uma ukusakaza kwakho okuluhlaza kungahambisani nokuminyana noma kunezingcindezi zangaphakathi, ngisho ne-5-axis mill ehamba phambili imane ipholisha i-turd. Uzojaha ukubekezelelana usuku lonke futhi ungalokothi ukushaye. Ngifunde lokhu ngendlela enzima kusenesikhathi, ngithola ukulingisa ngentengo kuphela. Singathola iqoqo lezingxenye zensimbi ezingu-4140 ezibukeka kahle, kodwa ngesikhathi somshini, amathuluzi azoguga ngokungalindelekile, noma ubukhulu buzoshintsha ngemva kokukhipha ingxenye ku-vise. Inkinga bekungelona uhlelo lwethu; bekuyi-microstructure engahambisani yokulingisa.
Kungakho umlando wenkampani ekulingiseni kungaxoxiswana ngawo ngomsebenzi weqiniso onembayo ophezulu. Bheka I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Sebeneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 ekulingeni nasemishinini. Leyo akuyona nje inombolo ekuwebhusayithi. Kusho ukuthi babonile ukuthi isikhunta segobolondo somzimba wevalvu yensimbi engagqwali siziphatha kanjani ngendlela ehlukile kumswakama wasehlobo uma kuqhathaniswa nokomisa kwasebusika. Lolo lwazi oluyisisekelo ezinqubweni ezifana ukubunjwa kwegobolondo futhi ukutshala imali yilokho okuvumela a inkampani yokunemba okuphezulu ukulawula okuguquguqukayo kusukela esinyathelweni sokuqala. Abagcini nje ngokukhanda insimbi; bakha insimbi abayiqonda kahle ngoba kungenzeka bayithelile.
Isibonelo, ngokusakazwa kwe-investimenti yezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezicishe zifane nenethi, ukunemba kwephethini ye-wax yokuqala kanye negobolondo le-ceramic kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuthi kungakanani okubalulekile okudingeka sikususe kamuva. Uma ukulingisa kukhulu ngokweqile, wethula ukushisa okwengeziwe kanye nengcindezi ngesikhathi semishini ye-CNC, engasonta ingxenye yokugcina. Indlela edidiyelwe ye-QSY—ukulawula kokubili ukulingisa kanye nokwenza imishini—iyanciphisa lokhu. Bangakwazi ukuklama ukusakaza becabanga ngenqubo yokwenza imishini, bashiye inani elifanele lesitoko ezindaweni ezibucayi. Kuzwakala kulula, kodwa kudinga inkhulumomphendvulwano phakathi kwe-foundry floor kanye nesikhungo somshini esingavamisile ukuba khona ezimeni zangaphandle.
I-Material Maze: Lapho Ithiyori Ihlangana Nendlela Yamathuluzi
Noma ubani angafaka ohlwini insimbi engagqwali, ama-alloys akhethekile kuwebhusayithi. Usathane usemininingwaneni. Ukwenza imishini engu-316L engenasici yesicelo sasolwandle kuyinto eyodwa. Ukwenza i-alloy esekelwe ku-cobalt ukuze uthole uphawu olungagugi ku-reactor yokushisa okuphezulu kuyisilwane esihluke ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwakamuva akukhona nje ngesivinini esinensayo kanye nokudla; imayelana nejiyomethri yamathuluzi, ingcindezi epholile kanye nohlobo (ngezinye izikhathi i-high-pressure through-tool akwanele, udinga i-emulsion ethize esekelwe kuwoyela), ngisho nokuhleleka kokusebenza ukuze ulawule ingcindezi eyinsalela.
Sake saba nephrojekthi ehlanganisa ingxenye yengxube ye-nickel-based alloy. Imininingwane idinga ukuqedwa kwesibuko kubhore yangaphakathi. Amathuluzi ethu ajwayelekile e-carbide, asebenze kahle ensimbi yamathuluzi, axoxa futhi ahluleka kungakapheli imizuzu. Sidlule esigabeni sokuhlola ama-coating amathuluzi ahlukene—i-AlTiN, i-AlCrN, usho njalo. Ukuphumelela akuvelanga ethuluzini elinamandla, kodwa kusukela ekubuyekezeni ukuqina kwakho konke ukusetha. Kwakudingeka siklame i-mandrel yangokwezifiso ukuze sisekele ingxenye evela ngaphakathi ngesikhathi esiyisicefe, into esitolo somshini ojwayelekile besingeke sibe nomkhawulokudonsa noma ukuqonda okufanele sikwenze. Lolu uhlobo lokuxazulula izinkinga oluchaza iqiniso inkampani yokunemba okuphezulu. Kuyinto umhlangano wesayensi yezinto ezisetshenziswayo emisha esebenzayo.
Lapha kulapho okukhethekile kwenkampani kubaluleke khona. Lapho ngibona ukuthi i-QSY ibiza ngokucacile ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt futhi ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel, kubonisa izinga lokuzinikela. Lezi akuzona izinto othanda ukungena kuzo. Zidinga amasu amathuluzi azinikele, futhi okubaluleke nakakhulu, ziheha amakhasimende anezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwanele ukuthi afune lobu buchwepheshe obuthile. Awuncintisani ngentengo yale misebenzi; uncintisana ngamakhono afakazelwe kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi.
Ukunemba kuyinqubo, Hhayi Isikhathi
Umbono oyiphutha omkhulu wukuthi ukunemba kufinyelelwa esilinganisweni sokugcina. Eqinisweni, kuwuchungechunge lwezinqubo, isixhumanisi ngasinye sidinga ukuqina. Iqala ngekhwalithi yokuqala yokulingisa (njengoba kushiwo), bese iya ekulungiseni. Indlela oyibamba ngayo ingxenye yiyo yonke into. Ukuze uthole i-turbine blade eyinkimbinkimbi, ukudizayina okuthile okuthola ama-datum azokwenziwa ngomshini kamuva, ngaphandle kokwethula ukuhlanekezela, kuwubuciko. Sichithe izinsuku sizama ukufaka isici sibe ingxenye yeshumi, kodwa sathola ingxenye eyaphuma ngenxa yokubekezelelana lapho ikhishwe ku-hydraulic vise. Isixazululo kwakuwukulungisa okusivumela ukuthi sishicilele ama-datum abalulekile ku-op yokuqala, bese silungisa kabusha sisebenzisa lawo ma-datum afanayo kuma-ops alandelayo.
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa esitolo kungomunye umbulali othule. I-5-degree Celsius shift inganweba ingxenye yensimbi engu-500mm ngama-microns ambalwa. Emisebenzini eminingi, ayinaki. Ngomsebenzi wangempela onembayo ephezulu, umehluko phakathi kokudlula nokufeyila. Akukhona njalo mayelana nokuba negumbi elilawulwa yisimo sezulu esigcwele (yize lokho kusiza), kodwa mayelana nokuqonda ukukhukhuleka okushisayo emishinini yakho nokuvumela izingxenye ukuthi zijwayele ukushisa okuthenga ngaphambi kokusikeka kokugcina. Lesi isiyalo esingathandeki, senqubo esihlukanisa abahle kwabathanda ukuzilibazisa.
Le nqubo yokucabanga yiyona evumela inkampani ukuthi inikeze isevisi ephelele njengoba kwenza i-QSY. Kusukela kumklamo wokulingisa (isikhunta igobolondo vs. ukutshala imali ukukhetha okusekelwe engxenyeni yejiyomethri kanye nevolumu) kuze kube sekufeni nokuhlolwa kokugcina kwe-CNC, ukuba nenhlangano eyodwa engamele uchungechunge kunciphisa umdlalo wokusola futhi kuqinisekisa ukuziphendulela kokunqwabelana kokugcina kokubekezelelana. Awukwazi ukusola i-Foundry uma uyi-Foundry.
Lapho Ukwanele Kwanele Kungekho: Indaba Ephuzu
Ake ngikunike isibonelo esiphathekayo, esikhishwe i-marketing fluff. Iklayenti lidinga uchungechunge lwama-nifold for a test rig ephatha uketshezi olubolayo. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kwakuyinsimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex, futhi ukucaba kanye ne-bore perpendicularity specs bekuminyene kakhulu. Iqoqo lokuqala elisuka komunye umphakeli lihlulekile ekuhlanganiseni—izimbobo zamabhawodi aziqondanga ngenxa ye-warpage. Inkinga? Cishe inhlanganisela yokukhululeka kwengcindezi ekubunjweni okuluhlaza kanye nemiphumela yokushisa ngesikhathi somshini.
Lapho thina (noma inkampani enemodeli ehlanganisiwe efanayo) sisondela kuyo, inqubo yayihlukile. Okokuqala, inqubo yokulingisa yenzelwe ukucindezelwa okuncane okuyinsalela. Khona-ke, ngaphambi kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokuqeda, ama-castings athola ukusimama. Ngesikhathi CNC machining on yabo CNC imishini izikhungo, imisebenzi yahlelwa ukuze ilinganise ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi-ukuhlukumeza yonke indawo, bese kuthi i-semi-finishing, bese kuba impumuzo yokucindezeleka, bese iphetha kokugcina. Ukulungisa imihlathi ethambile esetshenziswe in-situ ukuze ivumelane kahle. Umphumela waba yingxenye engazange ihlangabezane nokuphrinta kuphela kodwa ibambe i-geometry yayo enkonzweni. Le ndlela ehlanganisa konke iwumkhiqizo owumongo wesikali inkampani yokunemba okuphezulu. Ithuluzi lomshini limane liyinsimbi yokugcina ku-orchestra ende.
Ungalibona leli khono liboniswa kwiphothifoliyo yefemu efana ne-QSY (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com). Ukuhlala kwabo isikhathi eside kuphakamisa ukuthi bazulazule lezi zinselelo eziqondile kuzo zonke izimboni. Akukhona mayelana nokufaka kuhlu zonke izinga le-ISO; kumayelana nokuqonda okucacile ukuthi kumzimba we-valve yokucindezela okuphezulu noma ingxenye yepompo kungxubevange ekhethekile, isinyathelo ngasinye ukusuka ekuncibilikeni ukuya esilinganisweni sibalulekile.
I-Metric Yangempela: Ukungaguquguquki Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
Ekugcineni, ukuhlolwa kweqiniso kwe-a inkampani yokunemba okuphezulu akuyona ingxenye yesimangaliso esisodwa nje. Kuyikhono lokukhiqiza inombolo ye-lotho engu-100 enezindinganiso ezifanayo njengenombolo ye-lot 1, eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Lokhu kuza kumasistimu: ukuhlola okuqinile kwe-athikili yokuqala, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yezibalo zobukhulu obubalulekile, nokuphathwa kwempilo yamathuluzi ngokucophelela. Umsebenzi oyisicefe. Ingena idatha, ibheka okuthrendayo, futhi ishintsha ithuluzi ngaphambi kokuba ligqokwe, hhayi ngemva kokuba liphukile.
Lokhu kuvumelana yikho okwakha ukwethembana kumakhasimende ku-aerospace, energy, kanye nezinkambu zezokwelapha. Kudingeka bazi ukuthi umdwebo uyinkontileka, futhi inqubo yomphakeli iyisiqinisekiso. Uma iwebhusayithi yenkampani, njenge-QSY, ithi ngokuthula iminyaka engama-30 yokusebenza, ikhombisa buthule leli khono lokungaguquguquki kwesikhathi eside. Basindile ngoba sebefunde isiyalo esibi sokuphindaphinda.
Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlola uzakwethu, bheka ngale kohlu lwemishini. Buza ngohlu lozalo lwabo. Buza ngefilosofi yabo yokulungisa izingxenye ezinezindonga ezincane. Xoxani ngokuthi bayiphatha kanjani imiphumela eshisayo. Izimpendulo zabo-noma ukuntuleka kwazo-kuzokutshela okuningi mayelana namandla abo njengeqiniso inkampani yokunemba okuphezulu kunanoma iyiphi incwajana ecwebezelayo engake yaba nayo. Umsebenzi wezandla usemininingwaneni, futhi imininingwane izalwa ngokuhlangenwe nakho, ngokuvamile okungcolile futhi okuzuzwe kanzima.
