Uma uzwa 'ukufakwa kwe-investimenti yasekhaya,' izingqondo eziningi zigxumela kulawo mavidiyo e-YouTube—insizwa esegaraji, amathini asoda ancibilikayo ngesithando somlilo esenziwe ekhaya. Lokho kuhle kuma-trinkets, kodwa izwe elikude nokunemba nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni, izingxenye ezithwala umthwalo. Igebe langempela ekuqondeni, ngithole, liphakathi kwenqubo yezinga lobuciko kanye nesiyalo sezimboni esidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe into engabukeki nje njengengxenye yensimbi, kodwa esebenza njengeyodwa ngokungaguquki. Akukhona mayelana nokuthela; imayelana nakho konke okwenzeka ngaphambi nangemuva.
Umdlalo We-Shell: Ngaphezu Kokucwilisa kanye Nokwehla
Ake sikhulume ngegobolondo. Isixuku se-DIY sivame ukusebenzisa izingxube ezilula ze-plaster-silica, lapho izinto ziqala ukungahambi kahle kunoma yini engaphezu kokusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa. Ekusetheni okufanele, njengalokho esikucwengisise I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), igobolondo liwumngcele wobunjiniyela obunezingqimba eziningi. Iqala ngejazi eliyinhloko-ufulawa we-zircon ocoleke kakhulu noma into efanayo-ukuthwebula imininingwane yendawo. Khona-ke wakha ngezihlabathi eziqinile eziphikisayo. Isendlalelo ngasinye sidinga izimo zokumisa eziqondile; ukulawulwa komswakama kubalulekile. Ngike ngabona imizamo lapho ukomisa ngokushesha kwaholela ekuqhekekeni kwegobolondo ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa kwe-waxing, ukulahlekelwa okuphelele. Igobolondo alisona nje isikhunta; i-thermal shock absorber ngesikhathi sokuthela.
Yilapho ukukhetha kwezinto zegobolondo kuhlangana khona ngqo nensimbi oyiphonsayo. Ukuthela i-alloy esekelwe ku-nickel ephezulu kugobolondo elidizayinelwe i-aluminium encibilika kancane? Inhlekelele. Igobolondo kufanele libe nendawo ephezulu yokucwenga kanye nokuzinza kwe-thermal. Sigcina imigqa ehlukene ye-slurry yemindeni ehlukene yezinto ezibonakalayo ngoba ukungcoliswa okuphambene kungonakalisa i-refractoriness. Kuyimininingwane evame ukunganakwa lapho abantu becabanga ukuthi bangasebenzisa iresiphi eyodwa 'yomhlaba wonke' ye-slurry.
Inqubo ye-stuccoing—ukuphonsa isihlabathi esimahhadla odongeni olumanzi—ingobunye ubuciko. Ukusetshenziswa kwezandla kuholela ekugqineni kwegobolondo okungahambisani namachashaza abuthakathaka. Sisebenzisa umbhede omanzi ukuze sifake ngisho ne-stucco. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi ngaphambi kwesikhathi lapho saba nesilinganiso sokuhluleka esingu-30% engxenyeni yevalvu yensimbi engagqwali ngenxa yokungaguquki kwe-stuccoing okwenziwa ngesandla. Ukushintshela kumasistimu azenzakalelayo kwakungekhona nje ukusebenza kahle; kwakumayelana nokuqeda ukuguquguquka okuyisisekelo.
Iphethini ye-Wax: Lapho Ukulawulwa Kwe-Dimensional Kuqala Khona Ngempela
Wonke umuntu ugxile ensimbi, kodwa iphethini ye-wax yingxenye yokuqala. Ukunemba kwayo kobukhulu kanye nokuqedwa kwengaphezulu ukudlulisa ngokuqondile. Imingcele yokujova ye-wax-izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, isikhathi sokubamba-inqunywa ingxenye yejometri. Ingxenye enezindonga ezincane idinga izilungiselelo ezihlukile kunehabhu eliwugqinsi. Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-wax engalungile (yebo, miningi) kungaholela ekushwabaneni kwezimbotshana ephethinini ngokwayo, ebese iba ama-blobs aphakanyisiwe ekubunjweni kokugcina.
Sake saba neklayenti elisithumelele imodeli ye-CAD ye-blade ye-turbine eyinkimbinkimbi. Amaphethini we-wax we-prototype aphume kahle. Kodwa lapho sithuthela ekukhiqizeni, saqala ukubona i-warpage ecashile. Umlandu? Izinga lokushisa laseshabhu lokusebenzela liye lenyuka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, lishintsha ijika lokupholisa le-wax ku-die. Kwasiphoqa ukuthi sisebenzise amagumbi okujova alawulwa yisimo sezulu. Indawo 'yekhaya' cishe ayinakwenzeka ukuzinza kuleli zinga, yingakho imiphumela ye-hobbyist iguquguquka kangaka.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphethini we-wax 'emthini' kungesinye isinyathelo esibalulekile. Ama-engeli nama-junction kufanele akhelwe ukuvumela ukugeleza kwensimbi okufanele futhi kuncishiswe isiyaluyalu. Idizayini yokungena engalungile iyimbangela yokuqala ye-porosity yangaphakathi engatholakali kuze kube yilapho kwenziwa imishini. Senza ukulingisa okuqiniswayo manje kuwo wonke amadizayini amasha, kodwa iminyaka bekuyisivivinyo namaphutha—futhi amaphutha bekuyinqwaba ebizayo yezinsimbi ezilahliwe.
I-Material is King (Futhi Ivamise Ukungaqondakali)
'Insimbi engagqwali' akuyona into eyodwa. I-304 stainless iziphatha ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele ekutshalweni kwezimali kunokungu-316 noma okungu-17-4 PH. Lesi sakamuva sidinga ukwelashwa kokushisa kwesixazululo nokuguga. Uma wenza ukutshala imali ekhaya, cishe unamathele kunoma yiziphi izinsalela ongazincibilikisa, ezinokwakheka okungaziwa. Ngokwengxenye yangempela, udinga impahla eqinisekisiwe. Sithola ama-alloys ethu ezigayweni ezithile futhi sizigcine zihlukanisiwe. Umkhuba wokuncibilika uyalawulwa: ama-deoxidizers, izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo, isikhathi sokubamba. Ukuthela kushisa kakhulu kungabangela ukukhula okusanhlamvu; kubanda kakhulu kungabangela ukungezwani.
Ukusebenza ngama-alloys akhethekile afana ne-cobalt-based noma ama-nickel-based superalloys kungenye iligi. Zivame ukuncibilika nge-vacuum futhi zithelwe ukuvimbela i-oxidation. Awukwazi ukwenza lokho esithandweni somlilo esivulekile. Lezi zinsiza yingakho izimboni ezifana ne-aerospace kanye nezokwelapha zithembele kuma-foundation anezindawo ezilawulwayo, hhayi ukusetha amagaraji. Izakhiwo zincike ngokuphelele kuleyo nqubo elawulwayo.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokusakazwa kuyingxenye yohambo lwezinto. Akukhona 'ukuqeda ukuthinta' kokuzithandela. Kwamamaki amaningi ensimbi ne-alloy, ichaza izakhiwo zokugcina zemishini. Ukuyeqa noma ukukwenza ngendlela engalungile (irempu yokushisa engalungile, isikhathi sokucwilisa, noma ukucisha okuphakathi) kukushiya nengxenye engase idlule ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo kodwa ezohluleka ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Sake saba nenqwaba yezingalo ze-lever eyadlula wonke amasheke obude kodwa yanqamuka phakathi nokuhlanganisa. Inkinga ilandelelwe emuva kumjikelezo we-austenitizing ophazamisekile phakathi nokuphathwa kokushisa.
I-CNC Machining: Uzakwethu Odingekayo Ekusakazeni
Zimbalwa kakhulu izingxenye zabalingisi botshalomali 'ezinesimo senetha.' Izindawo zokuvala ezibucayi, izimbobo zamabhawodi, nezindawo zokuhlangana ezinemba cishe kudinga ukwenziwa ngomshini. Yilapho ukuhlanganiswa kubalulekile. Kwa-QSY, ukuba nemishini ye-CNC endlini akuyona nje into elula; iluphu yekhwalithi. Ochwepheshe bemishini babuyisela ulwazi ku-Foundry. Uma behlala bethola indawo eqinile noma i-porosity endaweni ethile yokuphonsa, singalungisa isango noma izinga lokushisa lokuthulula laleso sikhunta.
Ukulungisa ijiyomethri eyinkimbinkimbi, njenge-cast kuyinselele. Udinga ukusungula ama-datum athembekile kusukela ekubumbeni ngokwakho, ngezinye izikhathi okusho ukungeza amaphedi amancane noma izici kuphethini ye-wax eqondiswe ngqo endaweni yokwenza imishini. Lona umklamo ohlanganyelwe wokwenziwa. Uma ukulingisa nomshini kwenziwa ezitolo ezihlukene, le loop yempendulo iphukile, okuholela ezikhathini zokuhola ezinde kanye nokwenqatshwa okwengeziwe.
Ngizokhomba iwebhusayithi yethu, tsngtaocnc.com, hhayi ukukhushulwa, kodwa njengesibonelo esiphathekayo salokhu kusebenzisana. Uhlu lwamakhono lapho—ukugaya i-multi-axis, ukuphenduka—akuhlukanisiwe nomsebenzi wethu wokulingisa. Enye ingxenye yenqubo. Ingxenye ingase ibe ukutshalwa kwezimali ukuze kutholwe amaphaseji angaphakathi ayinkimbinkimbi, bese i-CNC ifakwe ngomshini ukuze kuzuzwe ubuso obunembile be-flange. Ukuzama ukufeza konke lokho ngokusebenzisa imishini kuphela kungabiza kakhulu.
Ukuhlola Kwangempela: Lapho Ikhaya Lihlangana Nezimboni
Ngakho-ke, ungakwenza kanjani ukutshala imali kweqiniso ekhaya? Okwezibonelo, amajiyometri alula, nezingxenye ezingabalulekile ezintweni ezaziwayo, mhlawumbe. Kodwa kunewa eliwumqansa owushayayo uma udinga ukuvumelana kohlangothi, ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, nokuthembeka kokusebenza. Ingqalasizinda—ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu, ukuphathwa kodaka, ukwesekwa kwelebhu ye-metallurgical, ukwelashwa okushisa okulawulwayo—yilokho okukhokhela ngempela ngesikhungo sobuchwepheshe.
Indlela evamile yokwehluleka engiyibonayo iwukubukela phansi iphethini nobunjiniyela begobolondo. Abantu bafaka imali esithandweni somlilo esihle kodwa basebenzisa ingcina yezinga eliphansi kanye nesikhunta esiyisisekelo sikakhonkolo. Umphumela uwukulingisa okubukeka kulungile kodwa okunokuncipha okufihliwe noma isikali esingaphezulu esikwenza kungasetshenziswa. Isikhunta isisekelo.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu kulo mkhakha, isifundo siwukuthi ukutshala izimali kuwuchungechunge lwezixhumanisi eziyikhulu. Ungaba ne-wax enhle, igobolondo eliphelele, ukuthululwa okulawulwayo, futhi usawonakalisa ngokuxubha okungafanele noma ukwelashwa kokushisa. Kuwuhlelo oludinga ukuhlonishwa kwalo lonke iketango. Ukuheha kwe ukutshala imali ekhaya kuyaqondakala—ukuguqulwa kwengcina kuya ensimbi kuwumlingo. Kodwa isiyalo esiguqula lowo mlingo ube ingxenye yobunjiniyela ethembekile yakhelwe phezu kokulawulwa, ngokuvamile okujwayelekile, ukunaka imininingwane eyinkulungwane. Yilokho okuhlukanisa iphrojekthi yezandla nengxenye endizayo, eshayelayo, noma egcina uhlelo lucindezelekile.
