Uzwa 'i-Inconel 718' futhi ngokushesha ucabange 'izinto ezinzima zezingxenye ezishisayo' - izingxenye zenjini yejethi, amadiski e-turbine, lolo hlobo lwento. Kuyiqiniso lokho, kodwa futhi yilapho ugibe ovamile luqala khona. Abantu babona izinombolo ezinyakazayo nezinyakazayo ku-700°C futhi bacabange ukuthi inguqulo enzima kakhulu ye-316 engenasici. Akunjalo. Inselele yangempela akuwona nje amandla alo; yindlela lawo mandla aziphatha ngayo uma uzama ukwenza okuthile ngawo. Indaba yemishini kanye nangemuva kokucubungula yilapho okuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela kubhalwa khona.
I-Machining Grind - Ngokwezwi nezwi
Ake sikhulume amathuluzi okusika. Ekuqaleni, safunda ngendlela enzima ukuthi ukuyiphatha njengensimbi yezinga eliphezulu ithrekhi esheshayo yokufaka eyonakele kanye nezingxenye ezilahliwe. Ukusebenza kanzima kunzima. Uma ithuluzi lakho lingacijile, noma uma uhlala kancane, awusasiki - ubanda-wenza into enzima nakakhulu. Sishise amabhrendi amaningana e-carbide enamathiselwe ngaphambi kokuthi sizinze ebangeni elithile ngejiyomethri ebukhali, epholishiwe. Noma kunjalo, ubheka isivinini mhlawumbe esingama-20% salokho obungakusebenzisa ngensimbi. Kuyinqubo yokususa enensayo, ebizayo, futhi okokupholisa akuyona inketho; iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokulawula ukushisa ukuvimbela ucezu lokusebenza ngokwalo ukuthi lungashisi kakhulu futhi lwenze ukuqina.
Ngikhumbula inqwaba yemizimba yama-valve esasisebenza kuyo ngomshini Isilinganiso 718 ibha isitoko. Ukuphrinta kubize ukuqedwa kahle kwengaphezulu kwezinye izibhobo zangaphakathi. Sithole ubukhulu buphelele, kodwa isiphetho sasinohlamvu, sicishe sadabuka. Inkinga? Ukuchezuka kwethuluzi. Ngisho nokusetha okuqinile, amandla okusika ayephezulu ngokwanele ukuze abangele ingxoxo encane. Kwadingeka sibuyele emuva, siklame kabusha indlela yamathuluzi ukuze sithathe amaphasi okuqeda alula nakakhulu, futhi sishintshele kokufakwayo okukhethekile kokusula. Yengeza amahora esikhathini somjikelezo, kodwa kwakuyilokho noma ingxenye eyayingeke ivaleke kahle. Lezo yizindleko ezifihliwe – isikhathi sobunjiniyela kanye nokushintshwa kwenqubo okungabonisi senani lempahla eluhlaza ngekhilo ngalinye.
Ukubhoboza nokuthepha kuyisihogo sabo esikhethekile. Ukukhishwa kwe-chip kuyinkosi. Lawo ma-chips anezintambo, aqinile azosonga i-drill futhi ayinqamule ngokushaya kwenhliziyo uma ungagqoki kabuhlungu futhi usebenzisa isipholile esinengcindezi ephezulu ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi. Ngochungechunge, cishe sihlala sicacisa ompompi be-spiral-flute kanye nezinsimbi zokuzibhobhoza zikampompi ezinkulu. Izama ukusika intambo engu-50%. Isilinganiso 718 icela umpompi ophukile ogqitshwe endaweni ebiza kakhulu. Ufunda ukunikeza igumbi impahla.
Izinkimbinkimbi Zokusakaza - Hhayi nje Ukuthela bese Uhamba
Ukusuka ekukhiqizeni imishini kuye ekwenzeni isimo esiseduze ne-net ngokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali - lowo umdlalo wethu oyinhloko kuwo I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu kugobolondo nokutshala imali, sisebenzise ama-nickel alloys amaningi ku-Foundry. Isilinganiso 718 iyisisekelo, kodwa inzima. Indawo ephezulu yokuncibilika kwengxubevange yinto eyodwa; ukulawula ukuqina kwayo ukuze kugwenywe ama-freckles, ukuhlukaniswa, nokuklebhuka okushisayo kungomunye umdlalo webhola ngokuphelele.
Ukwakhiwa kwesango nokukhuphuka kwe-718 kubaluleke kakhulu kunezinsimbi eziningi. Udinga ukuqina okuqondile ukuze ukondle ukushwabana okukhulu ngendlela efanele. Uma ama-thermal gradients engalungile, ugcina une-micro-porosity ezingxenyeni eziwugqinsi noma izinyembezi ezingaphezulu eduze noshintsho oluncane ukuya kokujiyile. Sibe nezingxenye eziphuma kugobolondo zibukeka zilungile, kuphela i-X-ray noma i-UT ukuze iveze ifu le-porosity enhle kuhabhu. Lokho ukulahlekelwa okuphelele. Kuphoqe ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwezinga lokushisa lethu lokuthulula kanye nephrothokholi yokushisa yangaphambi kwaleyo jiyomethri ethile. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukulungisa kuphambene nokunembile - ukushisa okuphezulu okuphansi kancane kunganciphisa ukuxokozela futhi kuthuthukise ukuzwakala, nakuba usebenza eduze kwe-alloy's liquidus.
Bese kuba nesakhiwo se-as-cast. Awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa njengoba injalo. Isakhiwo se-dendritic esingokwemvelo kanye nokuba khona okungenzeka kwesigaba se-Laves (i-brittle intermetallics ecebile nge-niobium) kusho ukuthi ingxenye inomshini ompofu ophuma ngaphandle kwesikhunta. Leli yiphuzu elibalulekile abathengi abaningi abaliphuthelwa: ingxenye ye-cast 718 isiqedwe nje uhhafu. Kufanele nakanjani idlule ekwelashweni kokushisa kwe-homogenization - ukucwiliswa okude, okungaphezu kuka-1100°C - ukuncibilikisa lezo zigaba eziyingozi zibuyele ku-matrix. Yeqa lokhu, futhi ingxenye izohluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphansi kwengcindezi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulingisa kubukeka kukuhle kangakanani.
Umdanso Wokwelapha Ukushisa – Konke Kumayelana Nokulandelana
Lena inhliziyo yokuthola Isilinganiso 718 ukwenza. Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kokuguga (720 ° C amahora angu-8, isithando somlilo sipholile ku-620 ° C, sibambe amahora angu-8, sipholile emoyeni) sibhalwe kahle. Kodwa ukulandelana okuhlobene neminye imisebenzi yikho konke. Engxenyeni eyenziwe ngomshini evela esitokweni esikhandiwe, ngokujwayelekile uyimishini isesimweni esifakwe emanzini (ethambile), bese uyigulisa. Kuzwakala kuqondile.
Kodwa ngengxenye yabalingisi, kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Njengoba kushiwo, wenza i-homogenize kuqala. Bese, ungenza umjikelezo wokucindezela we-isostatic (HIP) oshisayo ukuze uvale noma iyiphi i-micro-porosity esele. Umbuzo obalulekile uwukuthi: ingabe wenza i-HIP ngaphambi noma ngemva kokwelashwa kwesixazululo? Kukhona inkulumo-mpikiswano. Sikwenze ngezindlela zombili. I-HIPing ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-sub-solvus kungase kusebenze, kodwa kufanele uqaphele kakhulu amazinga okushisa ukuze ugweme ukukhula okusanhlamvu. Manje ngokuvamile sikhetha i-HIP esimweni se-as-cast + homogenized, bese siqhubeka nokulandelana okuphelele kokwelashwa kokushisa. Yengeza izindleko, kodwa idatha ibonisa izici zokukhathala ezingcono nezingaguquguquki, ngokuvamile okuwuphawu olubalulekile lwezingxenye ezijikelezayo.
Enye i-nuance eyengeziwe: ukukhululeka kwengcindezi. Uma wenza imishini ebalulekile ngemva kokuguga (ozama ukuyigwema, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi awukwazi), udinga ukukhululeka kokucindezeleka okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa ngemva kwalokho. Awukwazi ukuya phezulu noma uzokweqa izinto ezibonakalayo. Ibhalansi engaguquki phakathi kokuzinza kwe-dimensional kanye nokugcinwa kwe-gamma double-prime precipitates enikeza i-718 amandla ayo.
Ukushisela nokulungisa - Qhubeka Ngokuqapha Okudlulele
Kwesinye isikhathi i-casting iba nenkinga engaphezulu ocabanga ukuthi ungayilungisa, noma ingxenye eyenziwe ngomshini idinga imbondela yokushisela. Nge-718, lokhu kuwumsebenzi onobungozi obukhulu. Ingxubevange ijwayele ukuqhekeka ngokweminyaka endaweni ethinteke ukushisa (HAZ) ngemuva kokushisela, ikakhulukazi uma isesimweni sokuguga. Umjikelezo wokushisela we-thermal wethula izingcindezi, futhi ukwelashwa okulandelayo kokuguga (uma kusetshenziswa) kungabangela ukuqhekeka njengoba i-HAZ izama ukunetha kabusha.
Umkhuba ojwayelekile uwukushisela esimweni esishubile, bese ufaka yonke inhlangano emjikelezweni wokuqinisa iminyaka. Kodwa noma kunjalo, impumelelo ayiqinisekisiwe. Sazama ukulungisa indlu enkulu kagesi eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Kulandelwe incwadi: i-pre-weld anneal, i-ERNiFeCr-2 filler wire esetshenzisiwe (okuyisisekelo ukwakheka okungu-718), izinga lokushisa elilawulwayo le-interpass. Ibukeke iphelele ngemuva kokushisela. Nokho, ngemva komjikelezo wokuguga, ukuhlolwa kokungena kodayi kwembula inethiwekhi yemifantu emihle ku-HAZ. Ingxenye yayiyimfucumfucu. Isiphetho kwaba ukuthi inqwaba yokulingisa idale ukuzithiba okukhulu kangangokuthi izingcindezi ezinsalela ezivela ekushiseleni zaziphezulu kakhulu, ngisho nangemva kweminyaka egcwele kabusha. Manje, inqubomgomo yethu iwukugwema ukushisela abaneminyaka engu-718 noma nini lapho kungenzeka ngokomuntu. Izindleko zokwehluleka ziphezulu kakhulu. Uma idizayini idinga ukushiselwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa okuhlukile okushiselayo njengo-625 kuleyo sub-assembly ethize.
I-Sourcing kanye ne-Real-World Supply Chain
Hhayi bonke Isilinganiso 718 idalwe yalingana. Amashidi akhethekile avela ezigayweni ezahlukene noma ezisekelweni angase athi ahlangana ne-AMS 5662 noma 5663, kodwa udeveli usemsebenzini wokuncibilika. I-VIM-VAR (I-Vacuum Induction Melt elandelwa yi-Vacuum Arc Remelt) iyindinganiso yegolide yezingxenye ezizungezisayo emkhathini ngoba inciphisa ukufakwa futhi inikeza umfaniswano, isakhiwo sokusanhlamvu esihle. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zabalingisi ezimile, ukuncibilika kwe-VIM eyodwa kungase kwanele, kodwa udinga ukwazi ukubaluleka kohlelo lokusebenza.
Yilapho inqubo yozakwethu ibalulekile khona. Kwa-QSY, ukugxila kwethu ekutshalweni kwezimali kanye nokwenza imishini ye-CNC yezinto ezifana nalezi kusho ukuthi asigcini nje ngokuthenga isitokwe sokugaya; silawula ikhemistri kusukela ekuncibilikeni endaweni yethu yokulingisa, noma siqinisekisa ngokuqinile abahlinzeki bethu besitoko sebha. Uba nomuzwa wokuthi imibiko encibilikayo ikhombisa ukushisa okuhlanzekile. Ubheka isulfure ephansi, amazinga alawulwayo e-magnesium noma i-cerium ukuze ulawule umumo we-sulfide. Yile mininingwane engathandeki enquma ukuthi iqoqo lezingxenye lizophumelela yini ekuhlolweni kwe-ultrasonic noma elilodwa lingaphumeleli ekuhlolweni kokukhathala komjikelezo omkhulu.
Ekugcineni, kukhona iqiniso lezomnotho. 718 kuyabiza. Okuqukethwe kwe-niobium kuyakubona lokho. Ngakho-ke yonke imiklamo eyisebenzisayo kufanele ithethelelwe isidingo sangempela samandla ayo angu-650°C+ nokumelana nokugqwala. Sivame ukubonisana namakhasimende esigabeni sokuklama. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukushintshela ku-Alloy 625 ukuze uthole ukushisela okungcono noma ukumelana nokugqwala, noma ngisho nenani eliphakeme lezinga lokushisa eliphansi lezicelo zokushisa, kungonga izindleko ezibalulekile kanye nekhanda lokukhiqiza ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umsebenzi. Uphawu lwesipiliyoni akukhona nje ukwazi ukuthi kusetshenzwa kanjani Isilinganiso 718; wukwazi ukuthi uyidinga nini ngempela.
