Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa 'imishini emikhulu enembayo', babona ngesithombe isigayo esikhulu se-CNC sikhipha ingxenye ethile, futhi yilokho nje. Iqiniso lihle kakhulu. Inselele yangempela akukhona nje ukuyenza ibe nkulu, noma ngisho nokuyenza icace ngelebhu. Ibambe lokho kunemba—okweshumi, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokubekezelela okungaphansi kweshumi—kuyo yonke ingxenye engangosayizi wemoto encane, ngemva kokuthi ingavalwa emshinini, ihanjiswe yowela ulwandle, futhi ingaphansi kwemijikelezo yomhlaba wangempela oshisayo nomthwalo. Kulapho incwadi yokufunda iphela khona bese kuqala ulwazi lwesitezi sesitolo.
Isisekelo: Iqala Ngaphambi Komshini
Awukwazi ukukhuluma ngokunemba esikalini ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngezinto zokuqala. Lona ugibe ovamile. Iklayenti lithumela imodeli enhle ye-3D yendlu enkulu yama-gearbox, ecacisa u-316 ongenabala. Kodwa uma ukulingisa okuluhlaza kungenamsindo—uma kunokushwabana kwangaphakathi, izindawo eziqinile, noma ukucindezeleka okusalayo okuvela ekupholiseni—usuvele ulwa impi ehlulwayo. Ukusika kokuqala kungase kuphelele, kodwa njengoba ususa izinto ezibonakalayo futhi ukhulula lokho kucindezeleka, yonke into ingasonteka njenge-chip yamazambane. Ngikubonile kwenzeka. Yingakho i-Foundry Partnership ingenakuxoxisana.
Kulapho ikhono lenkampani lenkonzo egcwele liba bucayi khona. Thatha I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ngesizinda sabo seminyaka engu-30 kugobolondo nokufaka utshalomali, bayakuthola lokhu. Iqiniso lokuthi baphatha kokubili ukulingisa kanye no ukunemba imishini enkulu ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa akuyona nje indawo yokuthengisa; kuyisici sokulawula esiyisisekelo. Bangakwazi ukucacisa inqubo yokubumba, i-gating, ukwelashwa kokushisa kokukhululeka kwengcindezi ngqo imishini ezolandela. Ngesikhathi ukulingisa okukhulu okufana ne-turbine manifold noma umzimba wephampu kufika endaweni yawo yomshini tsngtaocnc.com, amathuba amaningi enhlekelele asevele enziwe. Lokho kuyinto oyithandayo kuphela ngemva kokusebenzelana nomthengisi omubi.
Ukukhethwa kwempahla ngokwayo kungenye isendlalelo. Ukusebenza ngezinto zabo ezisohlwini njengama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel kwethula isethi yakho yezinkinga. Lawa ma-alloys asebenza kanzima ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye enkulu, awugcini nje ukusetha izifunzo nezivinini kanye. Uhlala uqapha ukuguga kwamathuluzi, ulungisela ukukhula okushisayo kwengxenye nomshini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi uhlela ngisho nezinyathelo ezimaphakathi zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka. Kuyinqubo eguquguqukayo, hhayi ukusebenza kokubeka-futhi-ukhohlwe.
Umdanso we-Fixturing kanye ne-Metrology
Ukulungisa ukusakazwa kwamathani angu-3 akukhona nje ukukubopha phansi kanzima ngangokunokwenzeka. Yiphoqe ngokweqile, futhi wethula ingcindezi ezobuyela emuva lapho ikhululwa, ibulale ukucaba kwakho noma ukuqondanisa kwakho. Ngaphansi kokuyicindezela, futhi uthola ukuxoxa, ukudlidliza, nokuphela kwendawo eyonakele. Umgomo uwukusekela ngendlela elingisa isimo sayo sokugcina, esifakiwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Sivamise ukusebenzisa ama-modular, fixable fixtures ane-hydraulic clamping kuma-batches amakhulu, kodwa kuma-off-off, kungaba iphazili ye-bespoke yamabhulokhi, ama-shim, kanye ne-strategic bolting.
I-Metrology enye ingxenye yalo mdanso. Awukwazi ukuhlola i-bore yamamitha angu-2 nge-standard bore gauge. Sithembele kuzilandeleli ze-laser kanye nezingalo eziphathwayo ze-CMM ukuze kuqinisekiswe okuphakathi nenqubo. Kodwa nali iphuzu elicashile: kufanele uvumele ingxenye ukuthi izinze kuzinga lokushisa elizungezile esitolo ngaphambi kokuthatha izilinganiso zokugcina. Ingxenye esanda kufakwa emshinini, efakwe into epholile, ingaba ngamadigri amaningana ukufudumala kunomoya. Leyo delta eshisayo yanele ukuphonsa ubukhulu obukhulu ngaphandle kwe-spec ephepheni, nakuba izosebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukwazi isikhathi sokukala kubaluleke njengokwazi ukuthi kanjani.
Ngikhumbula umsebenzi we-compressor end plate enkulu. I-flatness spec yayinonya. Sayikhanda ngomshini, sayilinganisa yabanda, futhi yayiphelele. Iklayenti liyihlolile, futhi yehluleka. Kuvele ukuthi bayilinganise elebhu elawulwayo engu-20°C, kuyilapho isitolo sethu siku-24°C. Lowo mehluko wamadigri amane kulolo bunzima bensimbi wawanele. Isifundo esitholiwe: manje, ezicini ezibucayi, asigcini nje kuphela ukulawula indawo yomshini kodwa futhi sicacisa izinga lokushisa lokulinganisa embikweni wokugcina wokuhlola. Yile mininingwane emincane, engacacile ehlukanisa ingxenye esebenzayo nenembayo.
Ithuluzi kanye ne-Long Cut
Isu lendlela yethuluzi le ukunemba imishini enkulu iyisilwane esihlukile. Akukhona nje kuphela ngesilinganiso esisheshayo sokususwa kwezinto. Imayelana nokuphatha ukushisa, ukuchezuka kwamathuluzi ezindaweni ezikude, nokugcina ukuvumelana ngesikhathi sokusika esingahlala amahora angu-40 singami. Uzosebenzisa isigayo sobuso esingu-50mm ukuze uqine, kodwa ukuze uqedele leyo ndawo ebalulekile yokuvala, ungase ushintshele kumshini wokugaya omncane, one-helix ephezulu osebenzisa indlela ye-trochoidal ukuze unciphise amandla angemuva kanye nokwanda kokushisa.
Isinxephezelo sokugqoka kwamathuluzi kuba umsebenzi omkhulu wokuhlela. Awukwazi ukukhokhela ithuluzi lokugqekeza noma ukuguga ngendlela eyinhlekelele phakathi nephasi yokuphothula yamahora angu-30 engxenyeni ye-monolithic ye-aerospace. Sihlela izinguquko zamathuluzi asebenzayo ngokusekelwe kumthamo wezinto ezibonakalayo ezisusiwe, hhayi nje isikhathi, futhi sihlala sinethuluzi elingudade elisethwe kusengaphambili kusibambi, elilungele i-CNC ukuthi ishaye ucingo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isikhathi sokuphumula emshinini onetafula lamamitha angu-4 sibiza kakhulu.
Ukulethwa okupholile kungenye iqhawe elingaqashiwe. Ukuze kusetshenziswe izimbobo ezijulile noma izimbobo ezinde eziyisicefe ezingxenyeni ezinkulu, ukupholisa ngethuluzi kuyimpoqo. Kodwa kufanele kube high-pressure futhi lihlungwe. Ucezu olulodwa lwe-swarf oluvala isiteshi esipholile lungaholela ekubalekeni okushisayo, ukwehluleka kwamathuluzi, kanye nengxenye elahliwe ebiza amashumi ezinkulungwane. Sisebenzisa amasistimu okuhlunga akabili futhi siqaphe ukwehla kwengcindezi emigqeni yonkana njengengxenye yohlu lokuhlola lwansuku zonke.
Lapho Izinto Zingahambi Kahle (Futhi Zenza)
Ukwehluleka kunguthisha ongcono kakhulu, nakuba kubiza kakhulu. Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wami, sasenza umshini wokushisela uhlaka lwesakhiwo. Ukuphrinta kubize uchungechunge lwamaphedi enziwe ngokunemba ebusweni obuningi. Senze ubuso obubodwa ngomshini ngokusetha okuhlukile, sibhekisela ezintweni ezenziwe ngomshini kusukela ekusebenzeni kwangaphambilini. Kwakubonakala kunengqondo. Umphumela waba isimo sakudala sokubekezelela isitaki. Ngamunye, iphedi ngalinye lalingaphakathi kwe-spec. Ngokuhlangene, iphethini yayiphume ngaphezu kwemilimitha. Ingxenye yayingenamsebenzi.
Ukulungiswa, manje okubonakala kusobala, kwakuwukutshala imali emshinini we-axis engu-5 onemvilophu enkulu ngokwanele ukuze umshini izici eziningi ezibucayi ngangokunokwenzeka ekusetheni okukodwa. Lokhu kunciphisa amaphutha okudlulisa idatha. Enkampanini efana ne-QSY, ehlinzeka ngama-axis angu-5 agcwele ukunemba imishini enkulu akukhona nje mayelana namakhonsathi ayinkimbinkimbi; imayelana nokugwema amaphutha nokubamba ukubekezelela kweqiniso kwezindawo engxenyeni enkulu. Kuyikhono elixazulula izinkinga ozaziyo kuphela ukuthi unazo ngemuva kokuthi uhlulekile ngaphandle kwalo.
Okunye okuhlangenwe nakho kokufunda kwakuhilela isilinda esikhulu se-Inconel. Sizuze zonke izici zobukhulu, kodwa ukuphela kwendawo kubhore bekungahambisani, kukhombisa iphethini yengxoxo encane. Iphumelele uhlolo lwe-Ra kodwa yehlulekile ekuhloleni udayi owalandela ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kweklayenti—izinyembezi ezincane ezivela ekudlidlizeni. Isixazululo kwakuyinqubo yezigaba eziningi: i-semi-finish pass, bese i-unclamping futhi iphinde ibambe ukuze kukhululwe noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka okwenziwe ngomshini, okulandelwa ukudlula kokugcina, okulula kakhulu kwentwasahlobo ngebha eyisicefe esanda kucijwa. Amahora angu-8 engeziwe esikhathi somshini asindise ingxenye. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukunemba kudinga isineke esingekho kusicaphuni sokuqala.
I-Human Factor kanye Nesinqumo Sokugcina
Naphezu kwakho konke okuzenzakalelayo, lo mkhakha usathembele ngokujulile kochwepheshe bemishini abanolwazi nabahleli bohlelo. Isofthiwe ingakwazi ukukhiqiza indlela yamathuluzi, kodwa umhleli ongumakadebona uyazi ukuthi kufanele ayikhiphe nini—ukwengeza indawo yokuhlala lapha, ukushintsha i-engeli yokungena lapho, ukuze alandelele imisebenzi ngendlela engaqondile ukuze kugcinwe ukuqina. Umsebenzisi womshini udinga ukulalela ukusikwa, abuke umbala we-chip nefomu, futhi azi umehluko phakathi komsindo wokusika okunempilo nokuqala kwenkathazo.
Ukwahlulela kokugcina engxenyeni enkulu eyenziwe ngomshini wokunemba ngokuvamile kwenzeka kusayithi yekhasimende ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Yilokho ukuhlolwa kwangempela. Ingabe iboshekela engxenyeni yokukhwelana ngaphandle kwamandla? Ingabe ama-shaft ayaqondana? Ingabe isihlalo sophawu siphelele? Uma kwenzeka, kuwukunqoba okuthule. Iqinisekisa lonke uchungechunge—kusukela kukhwalithi yokulingisa endaweni esungulwe kuyo, ngokuhlela inqubo ngokucophelela, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afanele, izilawuli zemvelo, kanye nekhono labantu abaqhuba umsebenzi.
Ukubheka inani eliphelele lomhlinzeki kubalulekile. Isitolo esifana nalesi esingemuva tsngtaocnc.com, enezimpande ezijulile ze-metallurgy nokubunjwa, iletha lokho kuqonda okuphelele etafuleni. Abagcini nje ngokusika insimbi; balawula konke ukuziphatha kwento kusuka kuketshezi kuya engxenyeni eqediwe. Ekugcineni, ukunemba imishini enkulu akukhona ukuhlinzwa okukodwa. Kuyifilosofi yokulawula, esetshenziswa ngamandla anonya nokunaka okuncane, konke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Futhi ufika lapho kuphela ngokwenza amaphutha, ukufunda amaqhinga, nokuhlonipha yonke inqubo, hhayi nje ikhodi eshayela umshini.
