Uma abantu bebuza 'ngezindleko ezilahlekile zokuphonsa i-wax', ngokuvamile basuke befuna intengo ucezu ngalunye. Iphutha lokuqala lelo. Izindleko akuyona inombolo eyodwa oyikhipha eshadini; yingxoxo eqala ngejiyomethri efayeleni lakho le-CAD bese iphetha ngesiphetho esandleni sakho. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi echitheka ngenxa yokuthi othile uqhathanise ukucaphuna kweknobho lethusi elilula nengxubevange yensimbi engagqwali emincane emincane futhi wacabanga ukuthi isisekelo siyawakhumula. Izindleko zangempela zisekuhlanganisweni kwezinqumo ezenziwe kudala ngaphambi kokuba i-wax ijovwe.
Isisekelo: Konke Kuqala Ngephethini
Awukwazi ukukhuluma ngezindleko ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngephethini. Iphethini elula, eqinile yegiya? Kushibhe uma kuqhathaniswa ekusetshenzisweni kwamathuluzi. Kodwa uma ingxenye yakho ineziteshi zangaphakathi, i-undercuts, noma idinga isikhunta se-aluminium esinamaslayidi amaningi, ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kwamathuluzi kungakhuphuka kakhulu. Ngikhumbula iklayenti elaklama indlu enhle enezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-lattice zangaphakathi zokunciphisa isisindo. Idizayini emangalisayo, kodwa isikhunta sasidinga amakhora e-ceramic agoqekayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesikhunta esinezicucu eziningi. I ukukhishwa kwe-wax elahlekile inqubo ngokwayo yayijwayelekile, kodwa izindleko zephethini zaphinda kabili imali yokungena yephrojekthi. Leyo yinto yomugqa ofihliwe abaningi abayiphuthelwa.
Bese kuba ne-wax ngokwayo. I-wax yephethini evamile iyindleko eyodwa. Kodwa ezingxenyeni ezidinga ukuzinza okwedlulele kwe-dimensional-cabanga izigaba ezinde, ezincane ezingasonteka-ungase udinge i-wax egcwele noma ye-polymer-blend. Lokho kwengeza mhlawumbe u-15-25% ezindlekweni zakho ezibonakalayo zisuka nje elulwaneni. Kuyinto embi edingekayo ngezinye izikhathi. Sake sazama ukonga imali ngokugijima kwemizimba yama-valve ngokusebenzisa i-wax eshibhile. Umphumela? Ukuhlanekezela okungaguquki, okucashile ekuqondaneni kwe-bore okungazange kubanjwe kuze kube kwenziwa imishini, kukhishwe inqwaba. Imali eyongiwe yaqedwa izikhathi eziyishumi.
Ivolumu ingolunye uhlangothi lwephethini lwemali. Isikhunta esingu-$10,000 esikhishwe ngaphezu kwezingcezu ezingu-50 sinonya. Izingcezu ezingaphezu kuka-50,000, ziba yinto engasho lutho. Yilapho umlingani omuhle womsunguli kufanele akuqondise khona. Ezingxenyeni zevolumu ephansi, eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngezinye izikhathi amaphethini e-3D-okuphrintiwe noma ngisho ne-jetting ye-binder eqondile yegobolondo le-ceramic iyonga kakhulu, naphezu kwezindleko eziphezulu zenqubo yeyunithi ngayinye. Idlula ngokuphelele ithuluzi eliqinile. Izinkampani ezihlinzeka ngezindlela zendabuko nezesimanje, njenge I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), yiba nenzuzo lapha. Bangaphakamisa ngendlela eqondile indlela engabizi kakhulu yevolumu yakho, noma ngabe ingeyakudala ukutshala imali ithuluzi noma indlela ehlanganisiwe.
Umdlalo We-Shell: Izindleko Ze-Ceramic kanye Nesikhathi Senqubo
Inqubo yokwakha amagobolondo e-ceramic yilapho izindleko zeyunithi ngayinye zibhakwa khona. Umjikelezo ngamunye wokudipha, wokusahlabathi, nokomisa wengeza izindleko zokusebenza, amandla, kanye nempahla. Ingxenye ewugqinsi, esindayo ingase idinge izendlalelo ezingu-7-9 ze-ceramic slurry kanye ne-stucco. Ingxenye ye-alloy ethambile, ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ye-aerospace ingase idinge amajazi akhethekile asekelwe ku-zirconia kanye nezendlalelo ezengeziwe zobuqotho, ngokuqhubekayo kwandise ukukhanya. izindleko zokuphonsa.
Ukuhluleka kweshell kuwumbulali wesabelomali buthule. Uma igobolondo liqhekeka ngesikhathi se-dewaxing (inqubo ye-autoclave noma i-flash fire) noma ngesikhathi sokuthulula, awulahlekelwa nje i-wax, kodwa wonke umsebenzi nezinto ezitshalwe kulelo gobolondo. Ukulawula indawo yokomisa—umswakama nezinga lokushisa—kubalulekile. Kwesinye sezikhungo zethu ezindala ezingenawo amagumbi okomisa alawulwa yisimo sezulu, singabona izinga lokuqhekeka kwamagobolondo enyuka ngesikhathi sezimvula. Izindleko zazingekho nje emagobolondweni alahlekile; bekusekubambezelekeni kokukhiqiza kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe esimatasa sokufinyelela idethi yokuthunyelwa. Abasunguli besimanje abanezindawo ezilawulwayo bafaka lokhu kwethembeka kumanani abo.
Futhi mayelana nesikhathi somjikelezo. Igobolondo elithatha izinsuku ezingu-5 ukwakha kuqhathaniswa nezinsuku ezingu-7 (usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokumisa obuthuthukisiwe noma amasistimu ahlukene ahlanganisayo) ahlanganisa imali yakho kanye nendawo yaphansi ngendlela ehlukile. Lezi zindleko ze-overhead zisatshalaliswa kuyo yonke imisebenzi esitolo. Isakhiwo sesitolo esixube kakhulu, esinevolumu ephansi sizohluka emugqeni ozinikele osebenzisa izigidi zamakhanda eklabhu yegalofu. Uma uthola ikhotheshini, ukhokhela nokusebenza kahle kwesitolo—noma ukungasebenzi kwaso.
I-Metal Factor: Ngaphezu Kwentengo Nje Nge Kilo
Ngokusobala, ukukhetha kwe-alloy kungumshayeli omkhulu. 304 i-stainless iqhathaniswa no-316. Insimbi ye-Carbon ngokumelene ne-superalloy esekelwe ku-nickel njenge-Inconel 718. Umehluko wezindleko zempahla eluhlaza ungaba ngu-10x. Kodwa lokho kuyisiqalo nje. Ukuziphatha okuncibilika kushintsha konke. Ama-Superalloy avame ukudinga ukuncibilika nokuthululwa kwe-vacuum, okuyimpahla yemali ebiza kakhulu kanye nezindleko zokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nesithando somlilo esivulekile sensimbi.
I-Ield igama eliwumlingo lapha. Ingakanani insimbi oyithelayo egcina engxenyeni yokugcina? Idizayini eminyene, eyisicucu ingaba nesivuno esingu-70%. Ingxenye enamaphiko amade, amancanyana kanye nesistimu yokugenca eyinkimbinkimbi ingase ibe nesivuno esingu-40%. Leyo nsimbi elahlekile—i-sprue, abagijimi, amasango, nezikhuphukeli—iphinde isetshenziswe, kodwa usakhokhela ukuncibilika kokuqala, amandla okuyincibilikisa, nokulahlekelwa yi-oxidation (uthele ukuncipha). Ngihlale ngitshela abaklami: idizayini yesivuno. Kwesinye isikhathi ukwengeza u-1mm wogqinsi odongeni kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukugcwalisa futhi kunciphise izinsalela, konga izindleko zensimbi ezedlula kude isisindo esengeziwe.
Yilapho okubalulekile kwe-Foundry's materialization. Isitolo esifana QSY, ebala ulwazi oluthile ngama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt kanye ne-nickel, ithuthukise amapharamitha ayo alezi zinto eziwubuqili. Bayazi ngqo izinga lokushisa lokuthulula, ukushisa kwegobolondo, kanye nezinga lokupholisa elidingekayo ukuze kube nesivuno esihle engxenyeni ye-Hastelloy. Ukusebenzisa i-foundry eyenza ngokuyinhloko insimbi yokusansimbi yephrojekthi yakho yensimbi engagqwali kushibhe ngenani, kodwa ijika labo lokufunda kanye nesivuno okungenzeka sibe ngaphansi kungenza kube okokugcina. izindleko zokuphonsa i-wax ezilahlekile ngaphezulu.
I-Post-Casting: Lapho Ukuphila Okufihliwe okungu-50%.
Lokhu ukushaqeka okukhulu kwabasanda kungena. Izindleko zokubunjwa okuluhlaza ngokuvamile ziyingxenye yendaba. I-casting iphuma namasango anamathiselwe, ukuthungwa kwendawo evela ku-ceramic, kanye namaphiko amancane okungenzeka akhona kulayini wokuhlukanisa. Yonke into ngemva kwe-shakeout iyindleko yokusebenza yesibili.
Ukunqunywa kuqala. Ukusika ngesandla ngesaha kuwumsebenzi omningi. Ukusika okulimazayo okuzenzakalelayo noma ukusaha ngebhande kungcono. Ngevolumu ephezulu, iziteshi zokunqamula irobhothi ziyadingeka. Bese ugaya. Ukukhipha izinti zesango kanye nezindawo ezibushelelezi kuwumsebenzi wezandla omsulwa. Ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi enamasango ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo ingathatha umshini wokugaya onekhono imizuzu engu-30, lapho ingxenye elula ingase ithathe 2. Lesi silinganiso sabasebenzi sinezela ngokushesha.
Bese, ukwelashwa ukushisa. Ingabe iyadingeka ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka? Ukuze kuzuzwe izici ezithile zemishini? Lowo omunye umjikelezo wesithando somlilo, esinye isinyathelo se-logistics, enye izindleko. Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi (NDT). Ingabe ingxenye idinga i-X-ray, ukungena kodayi, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic? Ukuhlolwa ngakunye kunezela isikhathi nezindleko zochwepheshe. Ekugcineni, noma yikuphi CNC imishini. Ukusakazwa okuningi kokutshalwa kwezimali kufana ne-net-shape, kodwa ukuxhumana okubucayi cishe kudinga ukwenziwa ngomshini. Ikhono le-Foundry lasendlini yokwenza imishini, njengalokho okunikezwa yi-QSY, lingonga kakhulu izindleko. Ukuhlanganisa inqwaba kanye nokwenza imishini kuqeda ukuthunyelwa, ukulungisa kabusha, kanye nezikhala zokuxhumana phakathi kwabathengisi abahlukene. Izindleko zokulingisa ngendlela engafanele ngenxa yokuchazwa kabi komdwebo phakathi kwezinkampani zingaba yinhlekelele.
Ukuyibeka Ndawonye: Ingcaphuno Engokoqobo
Ngakho-ke, uma uthola ikhotheshini, awukhokheli ukulingisa. Ukhokhela: Iphethini/inkokhelo yamathuluzi, umjovo we-wax, umsebenzi wokwakha amagobolondo nezinto zokwakha, ukuncibilika kwensimbi nokuthela (kulungiselwe isivuno), i-shakeout, i-cutoff, ukugaya, ukuphathwa kokushisa okungaba khona, i-NDT engaba khona, kanye nenhloko yokuphatha. Isicaphuna esihle esivela kumlingani onolwazi njengo Ubuchwepheshe be-QSY ngokuvamile izozihlukanisa lezi noma okungenani zilungele ukuzichaza. Iminyaka yabo engama-30 ukubunjwa kwegobolondo futhi ukutshala imali kusho ukuthi babone izingibe zezindleko ezinkulungwaneni zamaphrojekthi.
Isilinganiso esishibhe kakhulu ngokuvamile siyingozi kakhulu. Kungase kusho ukuthi basebenzisa ingxubevange yezinga eliphansi, beqa izilawuli zenqubo ezifanele, noma babukela phansi ukucubungula ngemva kokucubungula. Ngishiswe yilokhu. Sinikeze umsebenzi wama-impeller athile kumthengi ophansi. Ama-castings abukeka elungile, kodwa ngesikhathi sokwenza imishini, sithole i-porosity engavamile. Izindleko zezingxenye ezingaphumelelanga, ukuhlanganiswa okubambezelekile, kanye nengoma edumile ethinta ikhasimende lethu kwakuyisifundo sabantu abayisikhombisa.
Ekugcineni, ukulawula izindleko zokuphonsa i-wax ezilahlekile imayelana nokubambisana nokucaca. Nikeza ngedizayini ehlanzekile, ekhiqizwayo. Cacisa mayelana nokuqagela kwevolumu yakho—hhayi nje eyokuqala, kodwa umjikelezo wokuphila womkhiqizo. Xoxa ngezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kusenesikhathi ukuze i-Foundry ikwazi ukubeka amasango nezikhuphukeli ngendlela efanele. Khetha uzakwethu onezinto ezifanele futhi ucubungule ubungcweti bengxenye yakho ethile. Izindleko zibe seziba isibalo senani: ukhokhela isiqiniseko, ikhwalithi, kanye nengxenye esebenza okokuqala nje. Yilokho kuphela izindleko ezibalulekile ekugcineni.
