Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa 'izinto zokuphonsa i-wax ezilahlekile', ngokushesha bacabanga nge-wax ngokwayo. Lowo umbono oyiphutha wokuqala. Iphethini ye-wax iyisiqalo nje, isikafula sesikhashana. Indaba yangempela yezinto ezibonakalayo iqala ngemva kokuba i-wax isihambile. Kumayelana ne-refractory slurry, stucco, insimbi oyithelayo, ngisho nomoya osesithandweni sakho esishisayo. Ukuthola noma yikuphi kwalokhu okungalungile kusho umehluko phakathi kokusakazwa komsindo nenqwaba yezilahleko ezibizayo. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi ehluleka ngenxa yokuthi othile uyalele impushana yokutshala imali 'ejwayelekile' ngaphandle kokucabangela ukunwetshwa okushisayo kwengxubevange noma ijometri yengxenye.
Isisekelo: Konke Kuqala Ngegobolondo Elihle
Ake sikhulume ngesikhunta. Igobolondo le-investimenti akulona nje 'upulasi'. Eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza zobunjiniyela, ikakhulukazi ezinama-alloys ancibilike kakhulu, usebenzelana nesistimu esekwe ku-silica, evamise ukuhlanganisa i-silica noma ufulawa we-zircon. Isibopho siyisihluthulelo - i-ethyl silicate noma i-colloidal silica. Izibophezelo ze-silica e-colloidal zivame kakhulu manje ngenxa yokungaguquguquki kwazo, kodwa amasistimu e-ethyl silicate angakunikeza ukuqedwa okucijile okungaphezulu kumajiyometri athile, nakuba kulukhuni ukukuphatha. Inketho lapha ilawula lonke uhlelo lwakho lokumisa. Ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi uthola imifantu; kancane kakhulu, futhi ulayini wakho wokukhiqiza uyama.
Ngikhumbula inqwaba yezindwani ze-nickel-based superalloy turbine esizenzile. Ukuphrinta kubize izindonga ezincanyana ngendlela emangalisayo. Sisebenzise i-zircon primary slurry yethu evamile, kodwa i-stucco bekuyibanga elingalungile - isihlabathi sasimaholoholo kakhulu. Ayizange ikhiye odongeni ngendlela efanele kulawo maphethelo amahle. Umphumela? Ukungena kwensimbi, indawo eqinile njenge-cast ethathe iminyaka ukuhlanzeka komshini. Isifundo kwaba ukuthi izinto zokuphonsa i-wax ezilahlekile ngoba igobolondo lidinga ukufaniswa hhayi nje nensimbi, kodwa nosayizi wesici. Ukuze uthole imininingwane emihle, uhamba kahle nge-stucco yakho kusukela ejazini lokuqala, ngisho noma kusho ukungeza ijazi elengeziwe noma amabili ukuze uthole amandla.
Kulapho-ke okubalulekile okuvela esitolo esinesikhathi eside sisebenza. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngeminyaka yabo engu-30 ukutshala imali kanye nokwenza imishini, kuzodayilelwa amafomula azo anodaka kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-stucco kumindeni yezinto ezibonakalayo. Abagcini ngokuthenga 'utshalomali' olujwayelekile; baphethe umtapo wolwazi wezinhlanganisela zensimbi exubene nama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt, isibonelo. Lolo lwazi lwesikhungo ekulungiseleleni izinto yilo olukhokhela ngempela.
I-Wax Ngokwayo: Akubona Bonke Abadalwe Belingana
Emuva ku-wax. Kubonakala kulula, kodwa kuyinhlanganisela enembile ye-polymer. Une-wax yephethini yakho, i-wax yakho yokugijima, kanye ne-wax yakho yokulungisa. Anamaphuzu ahlukene okuncibilika, ama-viscosity, namazinga okuncipha. Ukusebenzisa i-wax yokulungisa i-low-melt-point kwiphethini ye-high-melt-point kungabangela ukuphazamiseka ngesikhathi somhlangano noma ezinyathelweni zokuqala zokuqothula. Ikhanda elikhulu kakhulu ukunwetshwa kwe-wax. Uma ifomula yakho ye-wax inweba kakhulu ezingeni lokushisa elithile, ingaphula igobolondo eliluhlaza elithambile phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha i-autoclave dewaxing. Poof, nanso isikhunta sakho.
Sake sashintshela kumnikezeli we-wax 'oshibhile' ukuze uthole ukufakwa okuningi kwensimbi engagqwali. Imingcele yomjovo we-wax yayicime kancane, futhi i-wax yayinokufinyela okuphezulu kwevolumu. Kwabonakala kukuhle kwaze kwaba yilapho siqala ukuhlanganisa amaqoqo - amaphethini ayelokhu esonteka kancane, okubangela ukungafani kwemigqa ekulingisini kokugcina. Ukonga ku-wax kusulwe izikhathi eziyishumi nge-NDT eyengeziwe kanye nomshini odingekayo. Manje, sinamathela ekuhlanganisweni okuqinisekisiwe futhi siqhuba amaqoqo amancane okuhlola kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi entsha. I-wax ipulani langempela; uma kungalungile, yonke into engezansi ayilungile.
I-Metal Fill: Lapho Isayensi Yezinto Ebalulekile Iba Ngempela
Lena ingxenye esobala, kodwa igcwele ubuqili. Iphepha ledatha le-316L elingenasici liyinto eyodwa; ukuthi lokho kushisa kwensimbi kuhlangana kanjani negobolondo lakho elithile ekuthululeni kwakho okuqondile kungenye. Uketshezi, ukuthambekela kokudabula okushisayo, ukuziphatha kokuncipha - konke kusemininingwaneni. Ngama-alloys akhethekile afana nohlu lwe-nickel noma olusekelwe ku-cobalt lwe-QSY, ukulawula kuqine nakakhulu. Lawa ma-alloys avame ukusebenza. Uma igobolondo lakho linekhemistri engalungile noma lingagxilile ngokuphelele, ungathola isendlalelo esibi sokusabela esingaphezulu okuyiphupho elibi ukusisusa.
I-Gating and feeding design iyingxenye ye izinto zokuphonsa i-wax ezilahlekile ingxoxo, futhi. Impahla yesikhuphukeli (imvamisa ingxubevange efanayo) ingumnikelo obaliwe. Usayizi wayo nokubekwa kwawo kuwumsebenzi wobubanzi bokuqina bengxubevange. Ingxubevange yebanga elide idinga isu lokuphakela elehlukile kunelebanga elifushane. Ngibone amagobolondo amahle ethululela kahle, kuphela ukuthola ukushwabana kwe-porosity engxenyeni ewugqinsi ngenxa yokuthi isikhuphukeli sasibekwe endaweni engafanele noma sincane kakhulu. Insimbi 'yayizocacisa', kodwa idizayini ayizange ihloniphe izakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo.
Umdlali Ongabonakali: I-Burnout Cycle
Okuvame ukunganakwa ohlwini lwezinto zokwakha umkhathi wesithando somlilo. Umjikelezo wokutubeka wenza imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile: ususa ingcina (ngaphandle kokuqhekeka igobolondo) futhi ucwilisa igobolondo libe isikhunta esiqinile, esizinzile samakhemikhali. Amazinga okushisa erempu, okubambayo, kanye nendawo ezungezile (umoya, i-nitrogen) konke kuyingxenye 'yenqubo yezinto ezibonakalayo'. Irempu enolaka kakhulu ingaqhumisa amagobolondo ngaphandle kokucindezela kwesitimu. Ukushisa okunganele kokugcina kokudubula kushiya igobolondo libuthakathaka futhi lithambekele ekungeneni kwensimbi.
Kuma-cores ayinkimbinkimbi noma izihlungi ze-ceramic ngaphakathi kwesikhunta, umjikelezo wokushiswa ubaluleke kakhulu. Lezi yizinto ezihlukahlukene ze-ceramic ezinamajika azo okunweba. Uma engahambisani nokunwetshwa kwe-thermal yegobolondo eliyinhloko, uthola ukuqhekeka kwengcindezi. Iwuhlelo. Awukwazi ukuvele uthenge impahla yegobolondo 'enhle' kanye 'okuhle' okuyisisekelo; kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi zisebenza ndawonye kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokushisa. Lona umgodi wakudala ku-prototyping.
Ukwehluleka Njengothisha: Umbono Osontekile
Ukungaphumeleli kwami okukhulu kwezemfundo kwakuyinto eyisicaba, efana nepuleti ku-ductile iron. Sisebenzise igobolondo elijwayelekile le-silica elihlanganisiwe. Ingxenye yaphuma ikhotheme, njengecezu lezambane. Impahla yayilungile, igobolondo laliphelele. Inkinga bekungukupholisa okuhlukile. Imiphetho emincane yaqina futhi yafinyela kuqala, idonsa isikhungo esisancibilikile, esabe sesiqina ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Izinto zegobolondo ngokwazo, ngenkathi zi-refractory, zazingenakho ukungena okulungile noma ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal ukukhuthaza ukupholisa okufanayo. Siyixazulule ngokushintshela kusistimu yegobolondo enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alumina kwalowo msebenzi othize, okuguqule amandla okukhipha ukushisa, kanye nangokwengeza izimbambo zokupholisa zamasu kuphethini ye-wax ngokwayo. Kungifundise ukuthi isikhunta sibamba iqhaza elisebenzayo enqubweni yokuqinisa, hhayi nje isiqukathi esingenzi lutho.
Ukuhlanganisa Konke: I-Shop Floor Reality
Ngakho uma uhlola izinto zokuphonsa i-wax ezilahlekile, awukhiphi izinto eshalofini. Uhlela uchungechunge lwezinto ezihambisanayo, ezisebenzayo. I-wax kufanele isebenze nenqubo yakho yokuthululela nokuhlanganisa. Izinto zegobolondo kufanele zisebenze ngendlela yakho yokukhipha i-wax, izinga lokushisa lensimbi yakho yokuthela, kanye nohlamvu lwayo lokuqiniswa. Insimbi kufanele ibe yizinga kanye nekhwalithi efanelana nezingcindezi ingxenye ezobonwa. Okokugcina, yonke inqubo kumele izinze ngokwanele ukuze iphindaphindeke, inqwaba ngemva kwenqwaba.
Kungakho ukusebenzisana ne-Foundry enolwazi kungekona nje ukukhishwa kwesinyathelo. Ungena kusizindalwazi sazo esijulile, esivame ukuzuzwa kanzima, okokusebenza kanye nenqubo. Ukufana okuqinile QSY akukhona nje ukuthengisa abalingisi; bathengisa ukusetshenziswa okulungile kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka okusebenzelana kwempahla - bazi ukuthi iyiphi igobolondo ekhiqiza indawo esebenzisekayo endaweni yabo. ama-alloys akhethekile, noma indlela yokulungisa ukushisa kwangaphambili kwengxenye yensimbi eyinkimbinkimbi yodonga oluncane. Izinto zokwakha ziyizithako, kodwa iresiphi yangempela isemabhukwini esitolo kanye nomuzwa wemvelo wochwepheshe. Ungathenga izimpushana namawaksi afanayo abawenzayo, kodwa ngaphandle kwalowo mongo, unethemba lokungcono kakhulu. Kulo mdlalo, ithemba akulona isu.
