Uma uzwa 'i-wax sand casting elahlekile', iningi licabanga ngobucwebe obuyinkimbinkimbi noma izingcezu zobuciko. Yilokho ugibe ovamile. Ezimweni zezimboni, ikakhulukazi izingxenye zensimbi zevolumu ephansi kuya kokumaphakathi, isilo esihluke ngokuphelele. Akukhona nje ukwenza isikhunta; kumayelana nokuphatha umshado phakathi kwephethini ye-wax enembile kanye nesikhunta sesihlabathi esiqinile, ukwazi kahle ukuthi inqubo izolwa kuphi, nokuba nesipele somshini ukuze kuhlanzeke ukungcola okukushiyayo nakanjani.
Ukudideka Okubalulekile: Akukona Ukutshala Kwezimali Okumsulwa
Abantu bavame ukufaka konke ngaphansi 'kwe-investment casting'. Kodwa ukutshala izimali kweqiniso kusebenzisa igobolondo le-ceramic. Ukukhishwa kwesihlabathi se-wax okulahlekile ingumzala wayo onolaka, ongokoqobo. Usaqala nge-wax noma iphethini encibilikayo—leyo ngxenye 'ye-wax elahlekile'. Kodwa esikhundleni sokwakha izingqimba ze-ceramic, upakisha lelo phethini eflaskini yesihlabathi, ngokuvamile usebenzisa isihlabathi esiboshwe nge-resin. Uncibilikisa i-wax, uthele insimbi phakathi. Indawo engaphezulu ngeke ibe yingilazi njengomsebenzi wegobolondo le-ceramic, kodwa ezingxenyeni eziningi ezisebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ezinkulu, iyindawo yobumnandi eyongayo. Inselele ukulawula ukuziphatha kwesihlabathi ngesikhathi sokutubeka nokuthulula.
Lapho ubona khona umehluko ngempela kusekuhlakanipheni. Ngegobolondo le-ceramic, ungabaleka nama-engeli acishe abe yiziro kumaphethini. Ngesihlabathi, udinga okwengeziwe. Hhayi okuningi, kodwa kwanele ukuvumela isihlabathi sihlangane kahle futhi sikhulule ngaphandle kokudabuka. Ngibone amaphrojekthi ehluleka ngoba umklami, ojwayele ukutshala imininingwane yokutshala imali, uthumele iphethini enezindonga eziqondile zenqubo yesihlabathi. Ama-cores adilika. Bekuyisiphithiphithi. Kufanele uklame i-mold medium.
Lapha yilapho umuzwa wesitolo uyikho konke. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), ngeminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu ekulingiseni nasekukhiqizeni imishini, cishe ibone konke ukuphindwaphindwa kwalokhu. Babala kokubili isikhunta segobolondo (elinye igama le-ceramic shell investing) kanye nokusakazwa kwe-investimenti ngokuhlukile kusayithi labo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, okungitshela ukuthi bayawuqonda umehluko. Uma usebenza ngama-alloys akhethekile-asekelwe ku-nickel, asekelwe ku-cobalt-lowo mehluko ubaluleke nakakhulu. Isistimu yokugenca ye-superalloy ekubunjweni kwesihlabathi ngokumelene negobolondo le-ceramic iyizwe elihlukene mayelana nokukhipha ukushisa kanye namandla okufakwayo.
Isihlabathi ngokwaso: Ngaphezu Kokungcola Nje
'Isihlabathi' esisegameni siyadukisa. Akusona isihlabathi senkundla yokudlala. Ngokuvamile i-silica noma i-zircon sand, ehlanganiswe ne-resin binder-imvamisa i-phenolic noma i-furan system. Isilinganiso, isikhathi sokuxuba, izinga lokushisa lokuphulukisa; lezi akuzona eziguquguqukayo, ziyimiyalo. Yenza imiksi ingalungile, futhi amandla akho esikhunta avaliwe. Ibuthakathaka kakhulu, iyaqhekeka ngesikhathi sokuthulula. Iqine kakhulu, ayikuvumeli ukuncipha kwensimbi okufanele, okuholela ezinyembezini ezishisayo ekulingeni ngokwako.
Lokhu sikufunde kanzima eqoqweni lemizimba yamavalvu ensimbi engagqwali. Isihlabathi selaphekile ngokweqile. Ama-castings aphume ebukeka elungile, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic kwembula iwebhu yemifantu emincane eduze nezikhungo ezishisayo. Isikhunta sasiqinile kakhulu, silwa nensimbi njengoba iphola. Kwadingeka kukhishwe yonke into. Ukulungisa bekungeyona inkimbinkimbi—ukulungisa nje umjikelezo wokwelapha—kodwa ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyilungise kwavela eminyakeni yokuxhumanisa izindlela zokwehluleka ukubuyela ekucubunguleni amapharamitha.
Enye i-nuance ukubuyiselwa kwesihlabathi. Awukwazi ukuphinda uyisebenzise unomphela. I-binder iyaphuka, izinhlawulo ziyanqwabelana. I-Foundry enhle iqapha i-LOI (Loss on Ignition) yesihlabathi sabo esitholiwe kabusha. Ngingaba nelukuluku lokubona ukuthi ukusebenza okunesikhathi eside okufana ne-QSY kuwuphatha kanjani umjikelezo wabo wempilo yesihlabathi, ikakhulukazi uma beshintsha phakathi kwezinto ezifana ne-cast iron kanye nama-nickel alloys. Ukungcoliseka okuphambanayo kwesihlabathi kusuka emndenini owodwa kuya komunye kungaletha izakhi zokulandelela ezilimaza insimbi.
Iphethini ye-Wax: Lapho Ukulawulwa Kwe-Dimensional Kuqala (futhi Kuphele)
Konke kuncike kuphethini. Ngoba ukukhishwa kwesihlabathi se-wax elahlekile, uvamise ukusebenzisa i-wax ethambile, encibilika kancane kunomsebenzi wegobolondo le-ceramic. Kudingeka ukuthi iqine ngokwanele ukuze isingathe i-sand ramming kodwa ithambe ngokwanele ukuze incibilike ihlanzekile ngaphandle kwezinsalela. Izinsalela ngumbulali. Noma iyiphi i-carbonaceous gunk esele kusukela ku-wax izodala ukukhubazeka kwegesi ekubunjweni.
Imingcele yokujova ye-wax ibaluleke kakhulu kunalokho abaningi abakucabangayo. Ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, nesikhathi sokubamba kuthinta ukushwabana kwe-wax nekhwalithi ephezulu. Indawo eshone kancane ku-wax ingase ibonakale iyinto encane, kodwa ihumusha ngokuqondile endaweni encane odongeni lokugcina lwensimbi. Sake saba nenkinga ngokuphindaphindiwe emshinini wephampu wezindlu—ehlala isendaweni efanayo eyisicaba. Kusithathe amasonto ukuyilandela emuva ekupholiseni komjovo we-wax ngokungalingani. Iphethini ye-wax yayihlanekezela njengoba ipholile, kodwa yayicashile ungayibona kuphela ngesheke le-jig.
Kungakho ukuhlanganiswa nemishini, njengezinsizakalo ze-CNC ezinikezwa yi-QSY, kungaxoxiswana ngakho. Awuvamisile ukuthola ukusakazwa kwe-net-shape kusuka kule nqubo, ikakhulukazi ngamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi. Imishini yephethini igqoka, isihlabathi sishintsha kancane kancane. Ingxenye ye-as-cast iyisitoko sakho esinzima. Isiteji semishini ye-CNC yilapho ufinyelela khona ubukhulu bokugcina nokubekezelelana. Umdlalo onezenzo ezimbili: ukulingisa kukuthola u-95% lapho, ukwenza imishini kuletha u-5% wokugcina ngokunemba.
I-Gating and feed: Ubunjiniyela obungabonakali
Lona ubuciko abamnyama bomsebenzi wokusungula. Ukuthela insimbi encibilikisiwe esikhunjeni sesihlabathi akufani nokugcwalisa ibhakede. Udinga uhlelo—abagijimi, amasango, izikhuphukeli—ukulawula ukugeleza nokuncipha kokuphakelayo njengoba insimbi iqina. Ngoba ukukhishwa kwesihlabathi se-wax elahlekile, lesi simiso sivame ukwakhiwa emhlanganweni wephethini ye-wax ngokwayo. Amaphethini amaningi we-wax anamathiselwe 'esihlahleni' sengcina esiphakathi esakha inkomishi yokuthulula nabagijimi.
Ukuklama lesi sihlahla kuyisipiliyoni esimsulwa. Beka isikhuphukeli endaweni engafanele, futhi udala i-hotspot eshisayo ekhuthaza ukushwabana kwe-porosity. Sebenzisa isango elincane kakhulu, uthola ukugijima kwenkungu nokuvalwa okubandayo. Yinkulu kakhulu, futhi udala isiphithiphithi esibamba isihlabathi ne-slag. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yokufakwa kwe-bronze yezinga lasolwandle lapho sasilokhu sithola khona ukufakwa kwesihlabathi. Salungisa izinga lokushisa elithelayo, sahlunga insimbi, kwangasebenza lutho. Ekugcineni, umenzi wephethini wesandla esidala walibuka futhi wathi isango lalingena emgodini wesikhunta nge-engeli ekhuphuke kakhulu, okwenza insimbi indiza futhi igugule udonga lwesihlabathi. Wayeqinisile. Ushintsho olulula ekuhlelweni komhlangano we-wax luxazululile.
Leli zinga lokuxazulula izinkinga yilokho ongakulindela kuchwepheshe. Uma ubheka izinto ezisetshenziswa i-QSY—ezingenasici, ama-alloys akhethekile—idizayini yokungena ibaluleke kakhulu. Lawa ma-alloys ane-fluidity ehlukene namaphethini okuqinisa kune-plain carbon steel. Umklamo wesango osebenzela insimbi ekhonjiwe ungabangela ukuqhekeka kwengxube ye-nickel-based. Akuyona inqubo elingana nosayizi owodwa.
Kungani Kusabalulekile Emhlabeni We-CNC
Ngemishini yesimanje ye-CNC ye-5-eksisi, ungase ubuze ukuthi kungani uzihlupha ngokulingisa nhlobo? Kungani ungavele umshini ovela kubha eqinile? Ukuze uthole ama-prototypes okukodwa, mhlawumbe. Kepha ukukhiqiza kugijima ngisho nezingcezu ezingama-50-100, ukukhishwa kwesihlabathi se-wax elahlekile iwina ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinto kanye nezindleko, ikakhulukazi ngama-alloys abizayo. Ubeka insimbi kuphela lapho idingeka khona, awukhiphi u-70% we-billet ebizayo ye-nickel alloy. Isici se-Near-net-shape asigcini nje okokusebenza, kodwa namanani amakhulu esikhathi somshini.
Iphinde ivumele amajiyometri angasebenzi noma angenzeki ngomshini wodwa. Amaphaseji angaphakathi, ama-undercuts, izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezigobile-lezi zingakhiwa ngokuqondile isikhunta. Umsebenzi olandelayo we-CNC ke owobuso obunembayo, izintambo, nezindawo zokukhwelana. Kuyifilosofi yokukhiqiza eyingxube. Inkampani ehlinzeka ngakho kokubili ukulingisa kanye nokwenza imishini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njengoba kwenza i-QSY, iyakuqonda lokhu kusebenzisana ngokwangaphakathi. Bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa idizayini yengxenye yalo lonke uhambo lokukhiqiza, hhayi isigaba salo esisodwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kusekulungisweni kwezingxenye ezindala noma ezingasasebenzi. Ukubuyisela emuva ubunjiniyela ingxenye ephukile, ukudala iphethini ye-wax kusuka ku-3D scan noma ingxenye endala, nokusebenzisa inqwaba encane ngokulahla kwesihlabathi se-wax esilahlekile ngokuvamile isixazululo esisebenzayo. Igcina imishini yefa isebenza. Lokho kuwuhlelo olusebenzayo, olungathandeki, kodwa olubaluleke kakhulu lwale nqubo yesikole esidala. Akukhona mayelana ne-high-volume automation; imayelana nezimo, ukusebenza ngensimbi okunekhono. Futhi lokho, ngiyasola, yikhona okuqhubekisele phambili ukusebenza phakathi namashumi eminyaka yoshintsho lwemboni.
