Imboni yensimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic - leyo nkulumo ibonisa ngaphezu kwamandla okukhiqiza. Ikhomba impambana-mgwaqo engavamile yokulawula i-metallurgical, ukunemba komshini, nokuqinisekisa okuqondene nohlelo lokusebenza. Abahlinzeki abambalwa baphatha amamaki e-martensitic afana ne-410, 420, 440C, noma ama-alloys e-13Cr alungiswe ngokwezifiso *ekupheleni kuya ekupheleni*: kusukela ezikhaleni zokusakaza ezilashwe ngokushisa ziye ezingxenyeni eziqediwe ezithobelana ne-GD&T ezisinda ku-300 MPa hydraulic spikes kanye nokuguga okudaka. Sibone amaphrojekthi amaningi efadalala lapho ozakwethu bokuthola usizo bephatha i-martensitic i-stainless “njengenye nje engenabala” - ukweqa ukuqinisekiswa okushisayo, ukufunda kabi ama-gradients, noma ukubukela ukuzwela kwe-microstructural kumazinga okupholisa.
Kungani I-Martensitic Stainless Idinga Imboni Ekhethekile - Hhayi Isitolo Somshini Nje
Izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Martensitic zithola amandla ngokucisha nokushisa — hhayi ukuqina kwesixazululo esiqinile njenge-austenitics. Lokho kusho ukuthi isinyathelo ngasinye ngemva kokusakazwa sithinta ukusebenza kokugcina: izinga lokupholisa phakathi nokuqiniswa lisetha isakhiwo sokuqala sokusanhlamvu; ukucisha ukuqina kunquma ingxenyenamba yevolumu ye-martensite; Izilawuli zokushisa ezishisayo ziphikisana nobulukhuni bokuhwebelana. I-generic foundry ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa i-52–58 HRC engaguquguquki kuyo yonke indlu yephampu yepiston engu-120-mm-diameter ngaphandle kwephrofayela yesikhathi sangempela eshisayo kanye nokulinganisa isikhathi sokucwiliswa kwe-batch.
Sihlangabezane nama-valve enqatshiwe ezivivinyweni zenkundla ngoba umphakeli usebenzise ukucisha umoya esikhundleni sokucisha uwoyela kumzimba wokusiza ingcindezi esekelwe ku-420 - okuholela ekuguqulweni kwe-martensite okungaphelele kanye nokuqhekeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphansi kokulayisha umjikelezo. I-winch center shaft yelinye iklayenti yehlulekile ku-65% wempilo yokuklama ngenxa yokukhishwa kwe-carburization okungabikwanga phezu kongqimba olungaphezulu - isici esingabonakali ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo kodwa okuyinhlekelele ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-torsional. Lezi akuzona izingozi zethiyori. Ziyizindlela zokwehluleka eziphindaphindwayo eziboshelwe ngokuqondile ekucubunguleni isiyalo - hhayi isitifiketi esibalulekile sodwa.
A iqiniso imboni yensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic kufanele ibe namakhono amathathu angaxoxiswana: ukuhlanganiswa kokwelashwa kokushisa okuqinisekisiwe (hhayi okuphuma ngaphandle), i-metallography esetshenziselwe ukuqinisekiswa kwe-microstructure, kanye nomshini we-CNC olinganiswe kumapharamitha wokusika wesifunda esiqinile - okuhlanganisa namasu endlela yamathuluzi anciphisa ukusatshalaliswa kabusha kwengcindezi eyinsalela.
Ukuhlanganisa Okuqondile Kuxazulula Amaphuzu Obuhlungu Omhlaba Wangempela
Ukwehluleka okuningi kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinikezwayo: ukuphonswa ekuphathweni kokushisa, ukuphathwa kokushisa kuya kumishini, ukukhanda kuze kube sekugcineni. Lapho isigaba ngasinye sihlala endaweni ehlukile, ukukhukhuleka kwe-dimensional kuyanqwabelana. I-cylinder house cast enokubekezela okungu-+0.3 mm ingase inciphe -0.15 mm ngemva kokucisha - bese ichezuka ku-+0.1 mm ngesikhathi sokubopha ukuze kugaywe. Ngaphandle kwedatha ye-metrology eyabiwe kanye nama-CMM abekwe ndawonye, lawo mashifu ahlangana buthule.
Esikhungweni sethu se-Qingdao, izindlu zokutshala imali ezingu-13Cr zisuka ngqo esithandweni ziye esitokisini somshini - azikho izinto zokuthutha ezihamba phakathi kwezikhungo, azikho ukulungiswa kabusha. Sisebenzisa isistimu yokuhlanganisa efanayo kusukela ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta ngokuhlola kokugcina. Ezingxenyeni zephampu ye-cobalt alloy AMS 5387, sisebenzisa idatha efanayo ye-GD&T kukho kokubili amathuluzi ephethini yokusakaza namapuleti okulungisa e-CNC. Lokhu kuqeda iphutha elikhulayo - elibalulekile lapho ubukhulu bezindonga buhluka phakathi kuka-4.2 mm no-22.5 mm engxenyeni eyodwa.
Lokhu akuphathelene nokunethezeka. Imayelana nokuphindaphinda. I-OEM eyodwa yase-European hydraulic OEM yehlise umjikelezo wayo wokugunyaza we-athikili yokuqala isuka emavikini ayi-11 yaya emavikini angu-3.5 ngemva kokushintshela ekuhambeni kwethu okuhlanganisiwe - ngenxa yokuthi iye yayeka ukuphinda idwebe imidwebo "yokulungiswa kokusebenziseka kalula" kukho konke ukusebenzelana.
Okudingwa Amakhasimende Empeleni - Ngalé KwamaSpredishithi Abalulekile
Abathengi aba-oda “i-martensitic stainless.” Ba-oda i-valve yokucindezela okumele ivaleke ku-250°C kanye ne-415 bar ngaphandle kwe-galling. Noma i-winch shaft ekwazi ukumelana nokucwiliswa emanzini olwandle kuyilapho idlulisela i-torque engu-1,850 N·m. Noma isisekelo sephampu esigcina ukucaba ngaphakathi kuka-0.015 mm ngaphezu kuka-800 mm ngemva kwamahora angu-10,000 wokudlidliza.
- Ukulandeleka kokubalulekile kwehle kunombolo yokushisa - hhayi nje izitifiketi zokugaya, kodwa amalogi omlando oshisayo ogcwele indawo ngayinye
- Ukuqina kwemephu - hhayi nje ukufunda kwe-Rockwell eyodwa, kodwa idatha yegridi enamaphuzu angu-9 kuzo zonke izindawo ezibucayi
- Ukwesekwa kokuhlola okusebenzayo - kufaka phakathi ukuqinisekiswa kwe-hydrostatic burst kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili-spray kasawoti nge-ASTM B117 ngayinye
- Impendulo yobunjiniyela be-GD&T-aware - ukuhlaba umkhosi kwama-callouts angqubuzana nokuqedwa kwendawo eqinile yesimo esifinyelelekayo
Sikufunde kabuhlungu lokhu. Ngaphambilini, ikhasimende lacacisa u-Ra 0.4 µm endaweni yesihlalo esingu-440C — lingazi ukuthi ukugaya okuqinile okungu-440C ngaphansi kuka-Ra 0.6 µm kubangela ukuqhekeka okuncane ngaphansi kokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo. Ithimba lethu lenze isiphakamiso se-superfinish eyenziwe yasendaweni kuphela ebhendini yokuvala - konga u-37% ngesikhathi somjikelezo nokwelula impilo yesevisi ngo-2.3×. Lolo hlobo lokuqonda luvela kuphela lapho i-metallurgy, imishini, nobunjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza buhlala etafuleni elifanayo.
Ukubheka Phambili: Lapho Ukunemba Kuhlangana Nokulawula Okubikezelayo
Umngcele olandelayo awukona nje ukubekezelelana okuqinile. Ukuvumelana kokubikezela. Sishumeka ama-thermocouples ngaphakathi kwesikhunta ukuze sihlanganise isivinini sokuqina nokuhlukaniswa kwe-carbide ekubunjweni okungu-420. Sihlobanisa amasiginesha omthwalo we-spindle we-CNC nokwakheka kwe-subsurface microcrack ku-440C ngesikhathi sokuqeda. Lena akuyona ithiyetha ye-R&D — yindlela esinciphisa ngayo izilinganiso ezilahliwe ezingxenyeni zenani eliphezulu ze-martensitic zisuka ku-8.2% ziye ku-1.9% phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-18.
Uma iphrojekthi yakho idinga izingxenye ze-martensitic ezingenasici ezisebenzayo - hhayi nje ukudlula ukuhlolwa - udinga okungaphezu komhlinzeki. Udinga uzakwethu ophatha wonke umjikelezo wokuphatha ukushisa njengokuhlola okulawulwayo, yonke iphasi yomshini njengomcimbi we-metallurgical, nakho konke ukulethwa njengengqophamlando yokusebenza. Leyo incazelo yokusebenza ye-a imboni yensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic yakhelwe ukusebenza okubalulekile komgomo.
