Ubona i-'MIM' inyakaziswa kakhulu kulezi zinsuku, ngokuvamile njengegama elithi 'izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezishibhile.' Lowo umbono oyiphutha wokuqala. Akuwona umlingo, futhi ngokuqinisekile akushibhile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Indaba yangempela ye inqubo yokubumba umjovo wensimbi iqala kudala ngaphambi kokuba isikhunta sivale, esigabeni esibucayi, esibucayi se-feedstock. Yenza lokho kungalungile, futhi akukho okunye okubalulekile.
Umdanso We-Feedstock: Ubuciko Obuningi Kunesayensi
Wonke umuntu ukhuluma ngokubunjwa noma ukucwiliswa, kodwa inhliziyo yokusebenza okuthembekile kwe-MIM i-feedstock homogeneity. Asihlanganisi nje impushana yensimbi nesibopho; sakha umfaniswano, inhlanganisela egelezayo. Isilinganiso siyikho konke. I-binder eningi kakhulu? Uthola ukuwohloka nokuhlanekezela ngesikhathi sokubopha. Kuncane kakhulu? Awukwazi ukugcwalisa izigaba ezizacile. Ngibone amaqoqo avela kubahlinzeki abahlukene, ngisho nama-specs afanayo, eziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Akukhona nje nge-D50 yempushana; ukwabiwa komumo wezinhlayiyana. Izimpushana eziyindilinga ezivela ku-atomization yegesi zigeleza kangcono, impela, kodwa leso simo esiyindilinga kwesinye isikhathi singalimaza ukuminyana kokugcina uma unganakile ngamaphrofayili e-sintering.
Ekuqaleni, saba nephrojekthi ye-lever encane yensimbi yokuhlinza, ingxenye ene-cross-section eyasuka ku-2mm yaya ku-0.5mm. Sisebenzise isitoko esijwayelekile esingu-316L. Izingxenye zazibukeka ziphelele ngaphandle kwesikhunta. Kwabe sekufika i-catalytic debinding. Izingxenye ezincane zivele... zashabalala. Ayincibilikisiwe, kodwa yehlulekile ngokwesakhiwo. Izinga lokususwa kwe-binder belinolaka kakhulu kulowo mehluko omkhulu. Siyini isifundo? Ukwakhiwa kwe-feedstock yakho akumele kwenziwe ngendlela efanele kuphela, kodwa nejiyomethri yengxenye. Ingxube yempushana/ yokuhlanganisa yosayizi owodwa iyiresiphi yobuhlungu benhliziyo. Udinga umlingani okuqondayo lokhu ezingeni le-granular, umuntu onjalo I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ngamashumi eminyaka ekusakazeni okunembayo, bayakuqonda ukubaluleka kokuziphatha okuphathekayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokushisa, umcabango ohumusha ngokuqondile ekuphatheni okuphakelayo kwe-MIM kanye nokufakwa kwe-sintering.
Futhi uhlelo lokuhlanganisa ngokwalo—lelo elinye izwe. I-wax-polymer, inyibilika emanzini, i-catalytic—ngasinye sishiya izigxivizo zeminwe engxenyeni. I-Catalytic (esebenzisa i-nitric acid vapor) iyashesha kodwa ingahlasela ama-alloys athile. I-Thermal debinding ihamba kancane kodwa imnene. Inketho lapha isho ishejuli yakho yesithando somlilo, ukuphatha ingxenye yakho, nezinga lakho lokukhubazeka. Kuwukukhetha okuyisisekelo okwenzayo ngaphambi kokuklama ithuluzi.
I-Sintering: Lapho Kwenzeka Khona Umlingo (kanye Nokuncipha).
Lesi yisigaba sokwenza noma sekhefu. 'Unengxenye yakho ensundu'—entekenteke, yonke i-binder ne-powder skeleton. Umjikelezo wesithando somlilo yilapho uba yinsimbi. Ukuncipha kuyabikezelwa, ngokuvamile cishe ku-15-20%, kodwa akukaze kube yi-isotropic ngokuphelele. Ingxenye ende, eyisicaba ingase isonte uma ingasekelwe kahle kumasethi. Sake sagijima inqwaba yamapuleti okuxhuma. Ukubekezelelana kwe-Dimensional bekuqinile emigodini ekhuphukayo. Sifinyelela ukuminyana kwe-sintered theory, kodwa izimbobo ezimise okweqanda ngama-microns ambalwa. Kungani? Umkhathi wesithando somlilo wawunokwehlela okuncane. Izingxenye ezisohlangothini lwesobunxele lwebhande zabona iphrofayili yezinga lokushisa ehlukile kunaleyo engakwesokudla.
Ukulawulwa komkhathi yikho konke. I-hydrogen, i-argon, i-vacuum, noma i-ammonia ephukile. Ngezinsimbi ezingenasici, udinga umoya owehlisa ngokuphelele ukuze uthole leyo ndawo ehlanzekile ngaphandle kwe-carburization. Ukuvuza okuncane, ukungena komoyampilo kancane, futhi uthola ingxenye ewuqweqwe, e-sintered ephukayo. Ayibonakali njalo ngeso lenyama futhi. Sibe neqoqo lezingxenye ezingu-17-4 PH eziphumelele ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kanye nokuhlolwa kobukhulu obuyisisekelo. Kodwa ekufakeni isicelo, babehluleka ngenxa yokukhathala. I-Metallography ibonise ukufakwa kwe-oxide eduze kwemingcele yokusanhlamvu-imikhondo yomoya phakathi nesigaba esibucayi se-sintering.
Yilapho okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Foundry kubonisa khona ngempela. Inkampani efana ne-QSY, esisebenze iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 kugobolondo nokutshala imali ngama-alloys kusukela ezinsimbi ezijwayelekile kuya kuma-superalloy asekelwe ku-nickel, iyakuqonda ukucubungula okushisayo emathanjeni abo. Lolo lwazi lokuthi ama-alloys akhethekile aziphatha kanjani emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, indlela yokuphatha i-atmosphere ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa, adluliselwa ngokuqondile futhi abalulekile inqubo yokubumba umjovo wensimbi. Bayazi ukuthi ukucula akukhona nje 'ukukushisa'; kuwukuguquguquka okulawulwayo.
I-Tooling Trap kanye nokusebenza kwesibili
Abantu bacabanga ukuthi i-MIM iqeda umshini. Kuyinciphisa. Cishe usadinga ama-ops esibili njalo. I-EDM yezici ezingakwazi ukubunjwa, njengama-undercuts noma amakhona angaphakathi ayizikwele ngokuphelele. Imishini ye-CNC ekhanyayo yezindawo ezibalulekile zokuvala noma izintambo. Kwesinye isikhathi, umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa i-post-sinter ukukhulisa ubukhulu. Isicupho siklama ingxenye ye-MIM njengokungathi izoba ingxenye yokugcina yomumo wenetha. Kufanele udizayine inqubo. I-radii eningi, ukujiya kodonga okufanayo lapho kungenzeka khona, ama-engeli asalungiswa—lezi akuzona iziphakamiso.
Ngikhumbula ithuluzi lengxenye yezindlu zekhamera. Umklami wayefuna umphetho omuhle, obukhali wobuhle. Irediyasi enguziro. Sikuzamile. I-feedstock ibingeke iyigcwalise ngokungaguquki, futhi amakhona abezocwila ngesikhathi ekhishwa noma ephathwa esimweni esinsundu. Bekufanele sibuyele emuva, sengeze irediyasi engu-0.1mm. Yayingabonakali emkhiqizweni wokugcina kodwa yenza ingxenye yakwazi ukukhiqizwa. I-tooling ngokwayo ingesinye isilo. Ithuluzi lokubumba lomjovo, ngakho-ke lidinga ukupholisha, izindawo zokungenisa umoya ezinhle, isango elifanele. Kodwa uyigcoba nge-metal powder. Ukugqokwa emakhoneni nasemasangweni kuphakeme kunepulasitiki. Udinga ukuhlela lokho kulungiswa.
Futhi lena i-synergy nomhlinzeki wesevisi ephelele. Uma ubheka amakhono e-QSY, babhala ama-CNC machining eduze kwamakhono abo okusakaza. Ukhiye lowo. Bangakwazi ukuthatha ingxenye ye-MIM ehlanganisiwe kanye nasendlini, bashicilele indawo yedatha ebalulekile noma babhoboze imbobo enqamulayo obekungenakwenzeka ukuyibumba. Lokho kuhlanganiswa okuqondile kulawula ikhwalithi nezindleko. Awuthumeli ingxenye entekenteke ye-sintered kwesinye isitolo somshini, okubeka engcupheni umonakalo.
Izinto Zangempela Zento: Akuyona nje eye-Stainless
Izinto zencwajana ziyi-316L, 17-4PH, i-plain carbon steel. Kodwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithakazelisayo zisezintweni ezingavamile. Senze umsebenzi nge-tungsten alloys esindayo yokulinganisa izisindo ngisho nokuhlola okuthile nge-titanium. I-Ti MIM iyiphupho elibi layo—ucula ku-vacuum ephezulu, futhi impushana iyabiza futhi i-pyrophoric ukuyiphatha. Inkokhelo iyinkimbinkimbi, izimila ze-biomedical ezingasindi. Kodwa izinga lesivuno... yinselelo leyo.
Lokhu kuhambisana kahle nephothifoliyo yezinto zikachwepheshe njengale eshiwo ekuqaleni. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ngama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt kanye ne-nickel ekutshalweni kwezimali kuyimpahla enkulu. Lawa ma-alloys anezinselele zawo zokucwilisa—i-liquid phase sintering, i-sintering ecushiwe—nokwazi i-metallurgy yawo evamile kwenye inqubo kunikeza isiqalo. I inqubo yokubumba umjovo wensimbi ngoba ingxenye ye-superalloy ayisona nje isilungiselelo esihlukile; kuyifilosofi ehluke ngokuphelele yokuminyana kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo esincane.
Futhi awukwazi ukuziba ama-alloys athambile azibuthe, njenge-Fe-Si noma i-Fe-Ni. I-Sintering lezi ukuze uzuze kokubili ukuminyana okuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo ezifanele kazibuthe ukuhamba ngentambo eqinile. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, ulahlekelwa izakhiwo; uphansi kakhulu, une-porosity. Yilezi zinhlelo zokusebenza lapho i-MIM ikhanya khona ngempela, hhayi ekwenzeni elinye igiya elijwayelekile elingagxivizwa.
Lapho I-MIM Ingeyona Isixazululo
Lokhu kungase kube ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. I-MIM iyamangalisa ngevolumu ephezulu, ijometri eyinkimbinkimbi, izingxenye ezibekezelela ngokumaphakathi. Kodwa uma ingxenye yakho ilula—i-spacer eyisisekelo, induku eqondile—hamba nemishini noma isitembu. Uma udinga amandla aqine kakhulu noma ukuqina komthelela njengoba udlalwa, bheka ukufakwa kwe-investimenti. Uma udinga i-prototype eyodwa, ukuphrinta kwensimbi ye-3D kungase kube ngcono, ngaphandle kwezinkinga zokuqeda phezulu.
I-crossover enokusakaza kwe-investimenti ijabulisa kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu (ake sithi, ngaphezu kuka-100-150 amagremu) noma izingxenye ezingadingi nhlobo i-porosity esigabeni esibucayi, ukukhishwa kwe-investimenti okwenziwe kahle kungase kuthembeke futhi kungabizi kakhulu. Inkampani enikeza kokubili, njenge-QSY, ingakunikeza isincomo esingachemile. Abazami ukuphoqa inqubo; bangabheka ukuphrinta kwakho bese bethi, Kulesi sici sesethi nevolumu, i-MIM izokongela u-30% ezindlekweni zeyunithi, noma Lesi sikhala sangaphakathi sijule kakhulu, ake sibheke ukubunjwa kwegobolondo esikhundleni salokho.
Lokhu sikufunde kanzima. Iklayenti ligcizelele ku-MIM ngobakaki omkhulu, olula. Ithuluzi lalilikhulu futhi libiza, ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-sintering kwakuyimpi, futhi ingxenye yezindleko yayiphezulu kunenye indlela eyakhiwe. Bekufanele sihlehle. Inqubo iyithuluzi, hhayi inkolo. Ubuhle bayo busendaweni yayo ethile emnandi: ukuthatha inqwaba yezingxenye eziwumshini uzihlanganise zibe ucezu lwensimbi olulodwa, olukhishiwe, olulungele ukusetshenziswa oluphuma esithandweni olubukeka sengathi lukhulile, olungakhiwanga. Uma isebenza, iwunjiniyela okhaliphile. Uma kuphoqa, kuyinkinga ebizayo nje.
