Imithelela Yezinto Kuma-alloys Ezimpahleni Zemishini 

Ukwengezwa kwezakhi ezihlukahlukene zensimbi ku-alloy kungathinta kakhulu izakhiwo zayo zemishini (njengamandla, ubulukhuni, i-ductility, ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqwala, njll.).

Okulandelayo yizindima zezakhi zensimbi ezivamile kuma-alloys kanye nemiphumela yazo kuzakhiwo zemishini:

1.Ikhabhoni (C)

(1).Sebenzisa: Itholakala kakhulu ensimbini nasensimbini esakhiwe, ukwakha ama-carbides ngensimbi (njenge-Fe3C).

(2).Ithonya:

①.Amandla/Ubunzima: Ukwenyuka kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kukhulisa kakhulu ubulukhuni namandla (okufana ne-carbon steel ephezulu), kodwa amanani eqile angaholela ekubeni brittleness.

②.I-Ductility: Ukuphakama kwekhabhoni, kuyancipha i-ductility kanye nokuqina.

③.Ukushisela: I-carbon steel ephezulu inezindawo zokushisela ezimbi.

2.Chromium (Cr)

(1).Sebenzisa: Isici esingukhiye sensimbi engagqwali (efana ne-304, 316) nensimbi yamathuluzi.

(2).Ithonya:

①.Ukumelana nokugqwala: Yakha ifilimu ye-oxide ye-passive (Cr2O3) ukuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-oxidation kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.

②.Ubunzima/Amandla: Yakha ama-carbides anekhabhoni (njenge-Cr23C6) ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni nokumelana nokugqoka.

③.Ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu: Ithuthukisa amandla okushisa aphezulu (njengensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa).

3.Nickel (Ni)

(1).Izinhlelo zokusebenza: insimbi engagqwali (efana no-304), ama-alloys okushisa aphezulu (njenge-Inconel) nama-alloys amelana nokugqwala.

(2).Ithonya:

①.Ukuqina: Ithuthukisa ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye ne-ductility (njengensimbi ye-nickel ezindaweni eziphansi lokushisa).

②.Ukumelana nokugqwala: Ithuthukisa ukumelana nama-asidi nama-alkali.

③.Ukuzinza kwe-Austenite: Ngensimbi engagqwali, isebenzisana ne-chromium ukwenza isakhiwo se-austenitic (njengensimbi engu-304).

4.Molybdenum (Mo)

(1).Izinhlelo zokusebenza: insimbi enamandla amakhulu (efana ne-4140), insimbi engagqwali (efana no-316) nama-alloys okushisa aphezulu.

(2).Ithonya:

①.Amandla/ukumelana nokushisa: Ithuthukisa amandla okushisa aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokukhasa.

②.Ukumelana nokugqwala: Ithuthukisa ukumelana ne-chloride stress corrosion (njengensimbi engagqwali engu-316).

③.Ukulungiswa kokusanhlamvu: Ithuthukisa ukuqina.

5.Manganese (Mn)

(1).Izinhlelo zokusebenza: carbon steel (efana ne-A36), high power low alloy steel (HSLA) ne-austenitic manganese steel (njenge-Hadfield steel).

(2).Ithonya:

①.I-Deoxidation/desulfurization: Yehlisa imiphumela eyingozi yesibabule (yakha i-MnS esikhundleni se-FeS).

②.Ukuqina: Ithuthukisa ukuqina nokumelana nokugqokwa (isb. insimbi ephezulu ye-manganese yamabhakede e-excavator).

③.Ukuzinza kwe-Austenite: Ukushintshwa kwe-nickel ingxenye ngensimbi engagqwali.

6.I-silicon (Si)

(1).Izisetshenziswa: Insimbi yasentwasahlobo (isb. 65Mn), insimbi kagesi, nama-alloys e-aluminium (isb. 4xxx series).

(2).Ithonya:

①.Amandla/ukuqina: Ithuthukisa amandla nomkhawulo wokunwebeka wensimbi (isb. i-silicon-manganese spring steel).

②.I-Deoxidizer: Ikhipha umoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokwenza insimbi.

③.Izakhiwo zikaMagnetic: Ithuthukisa amandla kazibuthe ensimbi kagesi.

7.I-Aluminium (Al)

(1).Izisetshenziswa: Ama-alloys e-aluminium (isb. 6061), ama-alloys ethempelesha eliphezulu (isb. Fe-Cr-Al), nama-deoxidizers.

(2).Ithonya:

①.I-Lightweighting: Yehlisa ukuminyana (ama-alloys e-aluminium cishe alula ngo-2/3 kunensimbi).

②.Ukumelana nokugqwala: Amafomu Al2O3 ifilimu zokuzivikela.

③.Ukulungiswa kokusanhlamvu: Ivimbela ukukhula okusanhlamvu ensimbi.

8.Titanium (Ti)

(1).Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Ama-alloys e-Titanium (isb. Ti-6Al-4V), izinsimbi ezingenasici (isb. 321), nama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu.

(2).Ithonya:

①.Isilinganiso samandla/isisindo: Ama-alloys e-Titanium anamandla athile aphezulu kakhulu.

②.Ukumelana nokugqwala: Imelana nokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle kanye ne-chloride.

③.Ukwakheka kweCarbide: Ilungisa ikhabhoni ngensimbi ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwe-intergranular (isb. 321 insimbi engagqwali).

9.Ithusi (Cu)

(1).Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Ithusi (Cu-Zn), ithusi (Cu-Sn), nezinsimbi eziqinisa imvula (isb. 17-4PH).

(2).Ithonya:

①.Ukumelana nokugqwala: Ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala komkhathi (isb. insimbi yesimo sezulu).

②.I-electrical/thermal conductivity: Ama-alloys ethusi ane-conductivity kagesi enhle kakhulu.

③.Ukuqinisa imvula: Akha isigaba se-ε-Cu kunsimbi (isb. 17-4PH insimbi engagqwali).

10.Vanadium (V)

(1).Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Izinsimbi zamathuluzi (isb. D2), izinsimbi ze-low-alloy eziqinile (HSLA).

(2).Ithonya:

①.Ukulungiswa kokusanhlamvu: Ukwakhiwa kwe-carbonitrides (njenge-VC) ukuvimbela ukukhula okusanhlamvu.

②.Amandla/ukuqina: Thuthukisa amandla ngenkathi ugcina ukuqina (okufana nensimbi ye-HSLA).

11.I-Tungsten (W)

(1).Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Insimbi enesivinini esikhulu (njenge-M2), i-carbide enosimende (WC-Co) nama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu.

(2).Ithonya:

①.Ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu: Ukwakhiwa kwama-carbide angagugi (njenge-W2C).

②.Ukuqina okubomvu: Insimbi enesivinini esikhulu igcina ubulukhuni emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

12.Zinc (Zn)

(1).Izinhlelo zokusebenza: Insimbi eyenziwe ngegalazi (ukuvimbela ukugqwala), ithusi (Cu-Zn) nama-alloys e-aluminium (njenge-7xxx series).

(2).Ithonya:

①.Ukuvikelwa kwe-anode yomhlatshelo: I-zinc layer ivikela i-matrix yensimbi.

②.Amandla: Yakha isigaba sokuqinisa kuma-alloys e-aluminium (njenge-Zn-Mg-Cu, i-7075 aluminium alloy).

Isifinyezo: Umthelela oyinhloko wama-elementi ezimpahleni zomshini

Ngokulungisa okuqukethwe kanye nenhlanganisela yalezi zakhi, ama-alloy angaklanywa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile (njengama-steels aqine kakhulu, ama-alloy amelana nokugqwala, noma ama-alloys asezingeni eliphezulu).