Uma abantu bezwa 'izingxenye zemishini kawoyela negesi', bavame ukubona izinto ezinkulu, ezimangazayo - izihlahla zikaKhisimusi, amavalvu amakhulu esiteji. Lokho kuwukwengamela okuvamile. Indaba yangempela, leyo egcina imisebenzi isebenza noma ibamise, isezicini ezingabukeki kangako. Amabhulokhi amaningi, ama-subs, izindlu zezinzwa, ama-impellers wepompo. Lezi izingxenye lapho ubuqotho bezinto ezibonakalayo nokunemba kungeyona nje imininingwane eshidini; yikho okuma phakathi komjikelezo wokunakekela ojwayelekile kanye nomcimbi wenhlekelele wesikhathi esingakhiqizi (NPT). Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu lapho ukugxila kobunjiniyela konke bekuphezulu nomfula, kodwa ngakhubeka inqwaba yamabhawodi e-alloy stud asezingeni eliphansi noma ukuhlangana okufakwe ukushisa okungazange kuhlangabezane nencazelo egcwele yesevisi emuncu. Yilapho ubungcweti bangempela, kanye nezindleko zangempela, kungcwatshwa khona.
Okubalulekile Akuyona Nje Inombolo Yebanga
Awukwazi ukuvele u-ode i-316 engenasici futhi uyibize ngosuku. Ngoba izingxenye zemishini kawoyela negesi esebenza endaweni engaphansi komhlaba noma engaphansi kolwandle, isitifiketi esibalulekile ivangeli lokuqala. Kodwa akusiyo yodwa. Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yezingxenye zesihlahla esinengcindezi ephezulu lapho ama-forging afika khona nezitifiketi ezifanele ze-ASTM A182 F316L. Ephepheni, iphelele. Kodwa phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini esitolo sethu sozakwethu, osomshini babone ukuguga kwamathuluzi okungahambisani nokuhluka okuncane ekwakhekeni kwe-chip. Kukhona okuphatheke kabi. Siphushele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, okungajwayelekile - ukuhlola okuqukethwe kwe-ferrite, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-pitting resistance equivalence number (PREN) okudlula ubuncane obujwayelekile. Kwavela ukuthi, ikhemistri encibilikayo yayisemaphethelweni aphansi kakhulu e-spec ye-molybdenum. Kuhlelo lokusebenza olujwayelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi lidlulile. Okwemvelo ecebile nge-chloride, enengcindezi ephezulu ebihloselwe yona, bekuwumdlalo wokugembula esingakwazi ukuwuthatha. Senqaba inkatho. Leso sinqumo, esisekelwe 'emzweni' ovela endaweni yokukhanda, sisindise isigameko esingaba khona sokulawula umthombo kamuva. Lokhu kuyimbudumbudu, ukunaka okucishe kugxile ensimbi ngokwayo okuhlukanisa abahlinzeki bengxenye.
Kungakho ubudlelwano besikhathi eside nabasunguli kanye nochwepheshe bemishini abathola lokhu bubaluleke kakhulu. Ngisebenze ne-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) kumaphrojekthi ambalwa phakathi neminyaka. Isizinda sabo ku ukubunjwa kwegobolondo futhi ukutshala imali iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu kusho ukuthi sebezibonele mathupha ukuvela kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Uma uxoxa ngengxenye yokuphela kwephampu yodaka noma i-valve trim yokuminyanisa, abagcini nje ngokucabanga ngesimo; bacabanga ngesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu se-17-4PH engenasici ngemva kokuguga, noma ukuthi ingxubevange esekwe ku-cobalt izoziphatha kanjani ngesikhathi somshini we-CNC oyinkimbinkimbi wamaphaseji okugeleza kwangaphakathi. Leyo nkumbulo yesikhungo ekulingiseni kanye CNC imishini we-oilfield alloys yinto ongeke uyithenge ngobusuku obubodwa.
Ukushintshela kuma-alloys angavamile wesevisi eyeqisayo - cabanga ukuthi i-Inconel 718 yemithombo yokushisa okuphezulu (HTHP) noma izinsimbi ezingenasici eziphindwe kabili zemigqa egqwalayo - yenze lokhu kwaba bucayi nakakhulu. Ukwenza ingxubevange esekwe nickel akufani nokwenza insimbi yekhabhoni; amapharamitha ahlukile, ithuluzi lihlukile, ukupholisa kuhlukile. Isitolo esiphatha njengenye insimbi eqinile sizoshisa ngamathuluzi, senze imifantu emincane, futhi sibeke engcupheni impilo yesevisi yengxenye ngaphambi kokuthi iphume ngisho nasembonini. Ubungcweti bulele ekuhlanganiseni lonke uchungechunge lokukhiqiza, kusukela endleleni yokuphonsa kuye endaweni yokugcina yomshini, kuye kweyensimbi ethile.
Ukunemba: Lapho Ukuvala Kwanele Kubiza Izigidi
Ukubekezelela kulo mkhakha akuphathelene nobuhle. Iphrofayela yochungechunge lokukhwelana evalwe ngezinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamayintshi ingasho ukuthi uxhumano ngeke lucindezele ukuhlolwa. Indawo evalekayo enomugqa ongu-Ra emaholoholo kakhulu, noma okubi nakakhulu, ebushelelezi kakhulu futhi engavumeli indawo yokuhlala efanele ye-gasket, izovuza. Ngifunde lokhu ngendlela enzima kusenesikhathi ngenqwaba yama-adaptha e-API 6A flange. Izingxenye zazibukeka zizinhle, izilinganiso zazingaphakathi kokubekezelela okubhaliwe. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokwenza i-rig, ijika le-torque lalingalungile. Inkinga? Irediyasi yempande yochungechunge, imininingwane engahlali icutshungulwa kakhulu embikweni wokuhlolwa, ibisekupheleni kwebhande lokubekezelelana, idala ukuphazamiseka ngesikhathi sokujika kokugcina. Umphumela: ukuthukuthela, okulandelwa ukusesha okuphithizelayo kwezingxenye ezishintshayo kanye namahora angu-36 okungasebenzi kwe-rig. Izindleko zezingxenye bezincane uma ziqhathaniswa ne-NPT.
Yilapho okuthuthukile khona CNC imishini kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile kuyaphambana. Akukhona nje ngokuba nesigayo se-5-eksisi; imayelana nezinhlelo, ukulungiswa, ukulinganisa okungaphakathi kwenqubo. Ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi njengendlu yesixhumi esingaphansi kolwandle noma umzimba we-valve olawulayo onezibhobo eziphambanayo, ukulandelana kwemisebenzi kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlanekezelwa kwengcindezi. Inkampani efana ne-QSY, nesigaba sayo esizinikezele semishini, iyaqonda ukuthi ukulingisa kuyingxenye yempi. Imishini yilapho kuzalwa khona i-geometry esebenzayo kanye nezici ezibalulekile zokuvala uphawu. Kufanele balawule ukucindezelwa okuyinsalela kwenqubo yokulingisa phakathi nezigaba zomshini, okudinga ulwazi lwenqubo ejulile.
Esinye isici esivame ukunganakwa ukulandeleka. Zonke ezibucayi ingxenye yemishini kawoyela negesi udinga uzalo. Lokho kusho ukulandeleka kusuka engxenyeni yokugcina eyenziwe ngomshini kubuyele enombolweni yokushisa yezinto ezingavuthiwe, ngakho konke ukuhlola okungabhubhisi (NDT) njenge-UT, MT, noma PT. Ekucwaningweni kwamabhuku noma, ukuvinjelwa kwezulu, uphenyo lokwehluleka, ukuthi amaphepha abaluleke njengengxenye ngokwayo. Uhlelo oluqinile lapha lukhuluma kabanzi mayelana nobungcweti bomphakeli.
Inketho Yokusakaza: Ngaphezu Kwephuzu Lentengo
Ukwakhiwa kwesikhunta seShell kuqhathaniswa nokutshala imali - akulula noma/noma. Ngayinye inesizinda sayo ezingxenyeni ze-ecosystem. Ezingxenyeni zejiyomethri ezinkudlwana, ezilula uma kuqhathaniswa ezidinga ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nokuqedwa okungcono kunokwakheka kwesihlabathi esivamile - cabanga ngemizimba yama-valve, izindlu zamabhokisi kagiya, noma amakheshi amaphampu amakhulu - ukubunjwa kwegobolondo ngokuvamile ihhashi lomsebenzi. Inikeza ibhalansi enhle yezindleko, ukunemba kobukhulu, nezinga lokukhiqiza lamavolumu aphakathi nendawo ukuya phezulu.
Kodwa uma ungena ezingxenyeni ezinejometri yangaphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi, izindonga ezincanyana, noma izidingo ezihlukile zokuqeda indawo, ukutshala imali (inqubo ye-wax elahlekile) ingena ngokwayo. Cabanga ngama-turbine ama-turbine ama-turbo-expander, izindlu zokuhlunga eziyinkimbinkimbi, noma izingxenye zamathuluzi okulinganisa ngenkathi e-drilling (MWD). Ikhono lokukhiqiza izingxenye zomumo oseduze nenetha ezinama-engeli angakapheli anciphisa inani lengxubevange ebizayo edinga umshini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuyisilondolozi esikhulu sezindleko zezinto ezifana ne-Inconel noma i-Hastelloy. Okubi yisikhathi sokuhola kanye nezindleko zamaphethini esikhunta. Isinqumo sincike emsebenzini wengxenye, ubuningi, kanye nenani eliphelele lezindleko zokufika lapho umshini ubalwa phakathi.
Ngithole izingxenye ku-QSY ngisebenzisa izindlela zombili. Ngokugijima kwama-spool okulawula ukugeleza ane-porting yangaphakathi, ukubunjwa kwegobolondo kwakuyisinqumo esifanele. Kusethi yezingxenye zokunqanda zengxubevange ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala ezinezimbobo zokugeleza ezincane, ezinembile, ukufakwa kwe-investimenti kwaba ukuphela kwendlela yokufinyelela ubuqotho obudingekayo. Umphakeli onganikeza futhi aluleke ngokufanelekile kuzo zombili izinqubo, esikhundleni sokuphusha eyodwa ngoba kuyikhono lakhe kuphela, unguzakwethu obalulekile. Kusho ukuthi baxazululela umphumela wokukhiqiza ongcono kakhulu, hhayi nje ukugcwalisa i-oda.
Ukwehluleka Njengomsebenzi Wokuphoqa
Awufundi ngempela ngezingxenye kuze kuphuke okuthile. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, saba nenkinga eqhubekayo yokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuma-plunger empompini yomfutho ophezulu we-triplex. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kwakuyinsimbi evamile eqinile ye-alloy, imininingwane yahlangatshezwana nayo, kodwa yahluleka kakhulu ukuphila ngendlela elindelekile. Ukusabela kokuqala kwaba ukusola izimo zokusebenza. Kodwa ngemva kokudiliza amayunithi amaningana ahlulekile futhi siwaqhathanisa nalawo ahlala isikhathi eside, sabona umehluko ocashile ku-microstructure engaphezulu yendawo yokuvala. Izingxenye eziphumelele zibe nesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu esingaguquki, esicolekile esivela kumjikelezo othile wokwelapha ukushisa ngemva komshini.
Ukulungiswa kwakungeyona into entsha, kodwa ukulawula okuqinile kanye nokucaciswa kwe-post-CNC imishini inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa - izinga lokushisa lokushisa, i-medium quenching, yonke into. Sibuyekeze umdwebo kanye nokucaciswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza (MPS) ukuze sikhiyele lokhu. Lolu uhlobo lwemininingwane ehlukanisa ingxenye yempahla nengxenye ethembekile. Ngokuvamile kudinga ukusebenzisana nomkhiqizi ozimisele ukumba izilawuli zabo zenqubo. Akuwona umsebenzi othokozisayo, kodwa yiwo ovimbela ukwehluleka.
Lezi zifundo zibhakwa zibe imiklamo yesikhathi esizayo. Manje, lapho ucacisa ingxenye yohlelo olufanayo, ingxoxo iqala ngokuthi, Khumbula udaba lwe-plunger? Sidinga ukucacisa iphrothokholi yokuphatha ukushisa khona kanye ku-PO, futhi sidinga amarekhodi agcwele. Kuphoqelela ubudlelwano obunemininingwane eyengeziwe, ukusebenzelana okwengeziwe nomenzi wezingxenye.
Inani Langempela Lozakwethu Onesikhathi Eside
Ekugcineni, ukuthola izingxenye zemishini kawoyela negesi akuwona umdlalo wokuhweba wokuthola umbhidi ophansi kakhulu. Imayelana nokulawulwa kobungozi. Ingozi yezezimali ye-NPT inciphisa noma yikuphi ukonga kuzindleko zeyunithi. Uma uthola umkhiqizi oseke wadlula emijikelezweni - ama-boom, amabhasi, impahla eguqukayo kanye namazinga okuphepha - uthenga kulokho okuhlangenwe nakho okunqwabelene, kwesinye isikhathi okubuhlungu.
Inkampani efana ne-QSY, enomlando wayo weminyaka engu-30 ekulingiseni nasekukhiqizeni imishini, ihlanganisa lokho. Kungenzeka ukuthi babone izinguquko zokucaciswa kusuka ku-API 6A ukuya ku-6AV1, bazivumelanise nezimfuneko ze-NORSOK M-650 zomsebenzi woLwandle lwaseNyakatho, futhi benze ngomshini yonke into kusukela kunsimbi eyisisekelo kuya kwezinsimbi ezingenasici eziyi-duplex. Lowo mlando usho ukuthi bangalindela izinkinga. Bangase babuke umdwebo bese bethi, Senze into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe eGulf. Ukujiya kodonga lapha lapho kuhlangana khona kungase kube inkinga yokuqina; ucabangele ukuklama kabusha okuncane kokugeleza kokusakaza okungcono? Lolo hlobo lwempendulo luyigolide.
Ishintsha ubudlelwano busuke ekubeni umthengi-nomphakeli onamandla bube umzamo wokuhlanganyela wobunjiniyela. Umgomo uyasuka ekubeni nje wenze ingxenye uye ekuthuthukiseni ingxenye ethembekile esebenza kulo mkhakha. Yilokho okungaphatheki okufunayo ngempela. Uma ingcindezi ivuliwe, futhi udinga ingxenye ebalulekile owaziyo ukuthi izobamba, lobo budlelwano yikho othembele kukho, okungaphezulu kakhulu kwenombolo ye-oda lokuthenga.
