Uma uzungeze ukulingisa nokwenza imishini inqobo nje uma sise-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan, uthuthukisa umuzwa othile wezinto zokwakha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kaningi kangakanani izingxenye ze-powder metallurgy ngena ezingxoxweni namaklayenti efuna ezinye izindlela. Kunombono ovamile wokuthi i-PM yilesi sixazululo sengubo yesimanje, esinembe kakhulu, esingaba ishibhile futhi sisebenza kahle kunezindlela zendabuko ezifana nomongo wethu. ukubunjwa kwegobolondo noma ukutshala imali. Ngezinye izikhathi lokho kuyiqiniso. Kodwa kaningi kunalokho, iqiniso libi kakhulu, futhi ukukhetha akucaci kahle. Kuncike ngokuphelele ekungaxoxiswaneni kohlelo lokusebenza: ingabe imayelana nejometri yangaphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi, amandla okugcina aqinile ngaphansi kokushisa, noma izindleko ezimsulwa ngengxenye ngayinye ngevolumu ephezulu? Ngibone amaphrojekthi lapho ukushintshela ku-PM kube umnyakazo omuhle kakhulu, kanti amanye lapho kuholele kunqubo ethule, ebizayo yokubuyisela emuva ekulingiseni okuqinile.
I-Conundrum Yokukhetha Okubalulekile
Isinkwa sethu sansuku zonke siyinsimbi efana ne-cast iron, izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene, nezinto eziqinile—ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel kanye ne-cobalt. Lezi ziyancibilika zithelwe. Izingxenye ze-powder metallurgy qala usuka endaweni ehlukile: izimpushana zensimbi ezicolekileyo zicindezelwe futhi zafakwa sintered. Inzuzo esheshayo wumumo oseduze-netha wamajiyometri athile, ikakhulukazi lawo anamazinga amaningi noma izici ezilula ze-axial. Unganciphisa ukwenza imishini, okungonga izindleko ezinkulu. Sasineklayenti kanye nengxenye ye-lever yevolumu ephezulu, ekuqaleni umhlangano ogxiviziwe futhi oshiselwe. Bahlola i-PM, futhi ngaleyo ngxenye, yayiphelele. Ukuminyana kwakwanele, ukubekezelelana kwabanjwa, futhi izindleko ngocezu ngalunye zehla kakhulu. Kwaba nengqondo.
Kodwa-ke ushaya imingcele. Lapho ingxoxo iphendukela ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo ezinobuqotho obuphezulu, noma izingxenye ezibhekene nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu eliqhubekayo nokugqwala—ake sithi, endaweni ezungezile yomshini osebenza ngomshini noma ukucubungula amakhemikhali anamandla—izibalo ziyashintsha. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-Sintered, ngisho nokukhanga okulandelayo (P/M forging), kungaba nzima ukufanisa i-homogenous, i-microstructure engenasici yokusakazwa kwe-investimenti eyenziwe kahle, ikakhulukazi kuma-alloys ethu akhethekile. Kuhlale kukhona lokho porosity okufanele kucatshangelwe. Akukona ngempela iphutha; kungokwemvelo. Kodwa uma ingxenye yakho ingakwazi ukuba namandla okuxhumanisa i-porosity ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ngokushesha uncika enqubweni yensimbi encibilikisiwe.
Ngikhumbula ukuhlaziya okuthile okungaphumeleli esacelwa ukuthi sixoxe ngakho. Isihlalo sevalvu yensimbi engagqwali ene-sintered besingasebenzi kahle esikhumbeni sokukhathala esigqwalayo, somjikelezo ophezulu. Inkinga ilandelelwa emuva ekuminyaneni okungahambisani esigabeni esithile esiphambanayo, inselele ye-PM yakudala, eholela endleleni yokugqwala ekhethwayo kanye nokuqaliswa kokuqhekeka. Isixazululo, ngemuva kokubuyela emuva naphambili, bekungekona ukuqhubekisela phambili inqubo ye-PM kodwa ukushintshela ku-CF8M engenasici ngokufaka utshalomali. Izindleko zengxenye zikhuphuke, kodwa izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila zehla. Lolo uhlobo lwesifundo esisebenzayo ongasikhohlwa.
Lapho I-Casting kanye ne-PM Diverge (futhi Ngezinye izikhathi Bahlangana)
Lokhu akukhona mayelana nokumemezela ubuchwepheshe obubodwa buphakeme. Imayelana nokufaneleka. Kwa-QSY, namashumi eminyaka ethu ukubunjwa kwegobolondo futhi ukutshala imali, sibona i-niche yethu ngokucacile. Kumajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo, anezindonga ezincane kulawo ma-alloys angavamile, ukusakaza ngokuvamile akuhlulwa. Cabanga nge-impeller enezindwani ezisontekile ezimise okwe-aerofoil. Ukuzama ukukucindezela lokho kusuka kumpushana kuyiphupho elibi; ukuyikhipha kuwubuciko obuqondwa kahle, uma bubucayi. Ukuqedwa okungaphezulu okuvela egobolondweni elihle le-ceramic nakho kuvame ukudlula indawo ene-sintered, evame ukudinga imisebenzi yesibili.
Nokho, ukuxosha u-PM kungaba ubuwula. Kumamomo alula, alinganayo njengamagiya, amabhushi, noma izixhumi ezithile zezimoto, u-PM uvamise ukuba ngumpetha wokonga kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuyamangalisa-kuncane noma kungenalutho. Esikufundile ukuthi izinyathelo zangemuva kokucula yilapho imihlaba ingashayisana khona. Kulapho wethu CNC imishini ubuchwepheshe buzosebenza. Abaningi izingxenye ze-powder metallurgy zidinga ukunemba kwemishini ezicini ezibucayi ngemuva kwe-sintering. Senze izingxenye eziningi ze-sintered ngomshini—sengeza izintambo, ukucija ama-bores, sakha amafulethi anembayo. Imingcele yemishini ihlukile; usika into enezimbotshana, ngakho-ke impilo yamathuluzi nezinga lokuphakelayo lidinga ukulungiswa. Kuzwakala okwehlukile phansi esitolo.
Kukhona nesikhala esiyingxube: I-Metal Injection Molding (MIM), efana nomzala ka-PM oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ivumela ubunkimbinkimbi obukhulu kunokucindezela okuvamile. Sihlinzeke ngokulingisa komshini okwathathelwa indawo izingxenye ze-MIM zohlelo lwensiza yezokwelapha, lapho ivolumu ivumela izindleko eziphezulu zamathuluzi kanye nokuzidela okuncane ngamandla amakhulu kwamukeleka. Okubalulekile kwaba ukuxhumana okuvulelekile mayelana nokuhwebelana kusukela esigabeni sokuqala se-prototype.
Iqiniso Lokubekezelelana Nomthamo
Iphuzu elikhulu lokudideka ukubekezelelana. Izincwajana zokuthengisa zingase ziklelise izinombolo ezihlaba umxhwele ze-PM. Kodwa lezo ngokuvamile okokulinganisa okukodwa, okulungiselelwe ekuqhutshweni kokukhiqiza okulawulwayo. Emkhiqizweni womhlaba wangempela kuyo yonke inqwaba, ukuhlukahluka kungaba phezulu kunomshini ovela endaweni engenalutho yokulingisa eqinile. Kungani? Ushintsho lwe-Dimensional ngesikhathi sokucula alufani ngokuphelele; kuthonywa i-powder lot, ama-gradients okushisa kwesithando somlilo, kanye nokubekwa kwengxenye. Ngokwengxenye edinga ukubekezelelana okungu-+/- 0.025mm ku-bore ebalulekile, ukuqala ngomumo oseduze nenethi osikiwe kungase kungongi imali uma kufanele umshini ongu-90% waleyo ndawo ukuze ushaye i-spec ngokuthembekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngezinye izikhathi kuqonde kakhudlwana ukuqala ngokusakaza okungenalutho okusebenzisekayo.
Ivolumu ngomunye umashiqela. Ithuluzi elinzima lokucindezela kwe-PM elinengcindezi ephezulu liyabiza. Ngokusebenzisa izingcezu ezingu-50,000 ngonyaka, kuthethelelwa kalula. Izingcezu ezingu-500? Cishe ungalokothi. Izinqubo zethu zokulingisa, ikakhulukazi ukubumba amagobolondo, zingashintshashintsha kakhulu kumavolumu aphansi ukuya amaphakathi. Impahla yephethini ishibhile futhi kulula ukuyishintsha. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuyinto esiyikho I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY) ibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba isivumela ukuthi sisebenze ngempumelelo ngeqoqo elikhulu namaphrojekthi esiteji sokuthuthukiswa.
Ngike ngahlala ngezibuyekezo zokuklama lapho unjiniyela osemusha egcizelela ukuthi ku-PM ngoba incwadi yokufunda ithe isebenza kahle. Kodwa uma sehla isamba sezindleko—ukusebenza kwamathuluzi, i-sintering, umshini wesibili odingekayo, kanye nengozi yokulahlwa—uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko zokulingisa ngomshini omncane, izinombolo zivame ukuphenduka, ikakhulukazi kumamaki e-alloy esivame ukuwaphatha. Iphuzu lokuhlukana liphakeme kunalokho abaningi abakucabangayo.
Izifundo ezivela Esitolo Semishini
Ubufakazi buhlala busemishinini. Ungatshela okuningi ngemvelaphi yengxenye ngendlela eziphatha ngayo kumshini wokugaya we-CNC noma i-lathe. Ingxenye yabalingisi, uma inqubo izwakala, imishini enokuvumelana okungabikezelwa. Ama-chips aphuka kahle. A ingxenye ye-powder metallurgy inokusikwa okuhlukile. Isakhiwo sempahla ephazamisekile singenza ukusika kuzwakale kuncane, futhi amaphethini okugqoka amathuluzi ahluke. Ukungena okupholile ku-porosity nakho kungaba yinkinga, ngezinye izikhathi kubangele ukungcola noma ukugeleza kamuva. Lokhu sakufunda kabuhlungu kusenesikhathi, senza inqwaba yamabheringi ethusi ane-sintered. I-Coolant yavaleleka ezimbotsheni futhi kamuva yaphuma, yadala ukugqwala emhlanganweni. Manje, ngezingxenye ezibucayi ze-PM, sivamise ukucacisa ukufakwa kwe-resin noma ukwelashwa kokuvala ngaphambi komshini wokugcina, okwengeza isinyathelo nezindleko.
Le luphu yempendulo yezandla ibalulekile. Ithimba lethu lemishini linikeza okokufaka okuqondile kubalingani bethu bokulingisa kanye nabangaphandle be-PM. Bazothi, Lesi sigaba sodonga engxenyeni ehlanganisiwe sintekenteke kakhulu kumandla okubamba adingekayo ukuze umshini obhekene nohlangothi oluphambene, noma Indawo esakazwayo lapha ilungele ukuqedelwa ngoju olulula nje. Lolu lwazi olusebenzayo, olusezingeni eliphansi lulolonga izincomo zethu kumakhasimende ngaphezu kwanoma yiliphi ishadi lokukhetha inqubo evamile.
Ukuphetha Ngaphandle Kwesiphetho
Pho, lokhu kusishiya kuphi izingxenye ze-powder metallurgy? Ziyithuluzi elinamandla ebhokisini lamathuluzi lokukhiqiza, kodwa hhayi isikrufu sendawo yonke. Kithina, ezisebenza ezimpambanweni zomshini wokulingisa nokunemba, zimelela indlela efanayo esiyihloniphayo nesivame ukuhlanganyela nayo. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu yephrojekthi yenzeka lapho ukukhetha phakathi kwe-PM nokulingisa kuthathwa njengesinqumo esibucayi sezobuchwepheshe nezomnotho, hhayi isiphetho esingashiwo ngaphambili esisekelwe kuthrendi.
Kuza phansi ekubuzeni imibuzo efanele ngaphambili: Yiziphi izici zeqiniso ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisezingeni eliphakeme? Uthini umthamo wangempela wonyaka, kuhlanganise nomjikelezo wokuphila? Zithini izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi, hhayi nje inani lesiqephu? Okokugcina, ingabe unaye umphakeli oqonda amandla nobuthakathaka bayo yomibili le mihlaba, futhi ongachemi kowodwa ngoba yikho konke abakwenzayo?
Lowo ngumbono esiwakhe eminyakeni engama-30. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iletha ukufakwa kwe-investimenti okuyinkimbinkimbi, kwe-alloy ephezulu kwephampu noma ukulungisa igiya elinevolumu ephezulu e-sintered ukuze kuqedelwe isibuko, isimiso siyefana: fanisa iqiniso lokukhiqiza nesiphetho sengxenye emkhakheni. Konke okunye kuwumsindo nje.
