Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa 'ukunemba ngezikulufu machining', ngokushesha babona amalebula ohlobo lwase-Swiss ekhipha izingxenye ezincane, eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokho akulona iphutha, kodwa umbono wezinga eliphezulu. Inselele yangempela, ingxenye ehlukanisa izitolo, akukhona nje ukubamba ukubekezelelana okuqinile—imayelana nokuphatha umjikelezo wokuphila wengxenye ethile, kusukela ekuziphatheni okuphathekayo kuya ekucindezelekeni kwangemva komshini, ikakhulukazi uma ubhekene nezinto ezinzima njengama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel. Ngibone imiklamo eminingi kakhulu ingena ecacisa ukubekezelelana okuqinile kunesidingo, okukhuphula izindleko ngaphandle kwenzuzo yokusebenza. Ukunemba kusekuhlelweni, hhayi nje ukusika.
Indaba iyipulani Yokuqala
Awukwazi ukukhuluma ngomsebenzi oqondile ngaphandle kokuqala ngesitoko. Yilapho imicabango eminingi ihluleka khona. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngeminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu ekulingiseni nasekukhiqizeni imishini, ikuthola lokhu ngokuzenzakalelayo. Abagcini nje ngokuthola ama-billet; bavame ukuqala ngezabo ukulingisa. I-homogeneity, isimo sokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi esivela kugobolondo noma inqubo yokutshala imali—ebeka isiteji sayo yonke into elandelayo. Uma into eyisisekelo inokungahambisani, inqubo yakho yokwenza imishini ivele ibhale phansi, ayidali ukunemba.
Ukusebenza ngama-alloys akhethekile, yithi ku-high-temperature aerospace fastener, kushintsha umdlalo ngokuphelele. Ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt asebenza kanzima ngokushesha. Indlela yakho yamathuluzi, okuphakelayo, kanye nesivinini kuba ukuxoxisana nokokusebenza, hhayi umyalo. Uhlelo olunembayo olungakunaki lokhu luzokhiqiza ingxenye enobukhulu obuhle egcwele imifantu emincane noma enongqimba olungaphezulu oluqinile oluzohluleka ekusebenzeni. Ukubekezelela kokuphrinta kungase kube ±0.0005, kodwa ukucaciswa kwangempela ubuqotho besakhiwo sokusanhlamvu.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi yesiqu se-valve yokulawula uketshezi. Ukuphrinta kubize i-316 engenasici, kodwa uhlelo lokusebenza lubandakanya ingcindezi yomjikelezo. Siphakamise ukushintshela kokuhlukile okuncibilikisiwe kwesikhala esinezilawuli eziqinile ekufakweni. Izindleko ngokungenalutho ngakunye zikhuphuke, kodwa ukuncipha kokugqokwa kwamathuluzi kanye nokuqedwa kokwehluleka okwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi nokuhlolwa kobufakazi konga ubukhulu obukhulu. I ukunemba isikulufa machining lalifana ephepheni, kodwa umphumela wawuhlukile ngoba impahla yayibhekwa njengento eguquguqukayo, hhayi engaguquki.
Lapho Ukusakaza Kuhlangana Nomshini: I-Handoff Ebalulekile
Lena isosi eyimfihlo yemisebenzi ehlanganiswe mpo. Esikhungweni esenza kokubili, njenge-QSY, ithimba lemishini alisebenzi ngokumelene nokulingisa okungaziwa. Banomlando nalo. Bayazi izibonelelo zokuncipha ezisetshenziswayo, izindawo ezijwayelekile zamasango, amandla ezindawo ezincane ze-porosity kumajiyometri athile. Lokhu akubhaliwe kunoma yimuphi umhambi; ulwazi lwezizwe.
Ukuze uthole izindlu eziyinkimbinkimbi zotshalomali ezidinga izimbobo ezinentambo ezinembayo, uchwepheshe wemishini uyazi ukuthi yimaphi ama-datum athembeke kakhulu ekulingiseni. Bangase bashiye ingxenye yemilimitha eyengeziwe odongeni oluthile, hhayi ngoba ukuphrinta kukudinga, kodwa ngoba bayazi ukuthi udonga kuleyo ngxubevange luvame ukuhlanekezela kancane phakathi nokuphathwa ukushisa, futhi bazoshaya i-spec yokugcina ngemva kwaleso sinyathelo. Yilokhu ukunemba isikulufa machining ukucabanga ngezinhlangothi ezine, ukwengeza isikhathi nokulandelana kwenqubo kusitaki sokubekezelela.
Imodi yokwehluleka kwe-handoff engiyibonile yilapho ukucutshungulwa kwe-siloid. Bathola i-casting, bayibambe, futhi baqale ukusika. Uma ukulingisa kunomnsalo omncane osuka ekucindezelweni kwensalela, bazowumshini uqonde... kuphela ukuze ubuyele emuva ngemva kokukhishwa kwezinsimbi. Ingxenye manje isiyizicucu, kodwa ikalwe kahle ku-CMM ngenkathi ilungiswa. Ukuhlanganisa kuvimbela lokhu. Uhlelo lomshini luyingxenye yokubuyekezwa komklamo wokulingisa.
I-Tooling Philosophy: Hhayi Kuphela Ngethuluzi
Khuluma nanoma yimuphi uchwepheshe bemishini, futhi bazosebenzisa i-geometri yamathuluzi nezingubo. Lokho kubalulekile. Kodwa ifilosofi yesu lokusebenzisa amathuluzi iyona echaza ikhono lesitolo. Ukuze uthole ukunemba okuphezulu, umsebenzi we-batch encane kuma-alloys, kumayelana nokubikezela, hhayi nje ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Silinganise kumkhiqizo othile wokufakwa kwe-micro-grain carbide ukuze siqedele ama-ops kuma-alloys ensimbi. Hhayi ngoba bekunzima kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ijika lazo lalinomugqa futhi libikezelwa. Singasebenzisa izingxenye eziyikhulu, silinganise ukuguga kwamathuluzi, futhi sibikezele ngokwethembekile ukuthi sizokushintsha nini okufakiwe ngaphambi kokukhukhuleka kokubekezelelana. Lokhu kuyisicefe, ukunemba okungabukeki. Ayinqobi imiklomelo yejubane, kodwa iqeda ama-batches alahliwe. Ungathola le ndlela ye-pragmatic enemininingwane kuzinsiza zobuchwepheshe esizeni esifana naso tsngtaocnc.com, lapho kugxilwe ekuthembekeni kwenqubo yezingxenye ezibalulekile.
Ukupholisa akukona nje okokugcoba; iwuhlelo lokuphatha okushisayo. Uma ubambe okweshumi kusikulufa esingenabala, ukushisa okuvela ekusikeni kudinga ukudonswa ngokuqhubekayo. Ukushwibeka okungu-5-degree Celsius engxenyeni ethile yokushisa kungavunguza ukubekezelela kwakho. Besinomsebenzi lapho izingxenye zikalwa nge-in-spec emshinini kodwa zehluleka i-QA yokugcina. Inkinga? Igumbi le-CMM belipholile ngo-10 degrees. Izingxenye zase ziboshiwe. Ukunemba kwalahleka ku-basic physics. Manje, ukulingana kwe-thermal kuyingxenye yohlu lwethu lokuhlola lwe-athikili yokuqala.
I-Fallacy Yokulungisa
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukulungiswa okuhle kubalulekile. Inkohliso iyinkimbinkimbi yokucabanga, ukulungiswa kwangokwezifiso kuhlale kuyimpendulo. Okweqiniso ukunemba isikulufa machining, ikakhulukazi kuma-automatics ane-spindle multi-spindle noma ama-lathes ase-Swiss, ngezinye izikhathi isisombululo esihle kakhulu i-collet ejwayelekile eguquliwe noma isikhungo esibukhoma esibekwe ngokucophelela.
Lokhu ngikufunde kanzima. Idizayinelwe into enhle, ezinikele yomndeni wezingxenye zokuxhuma zethusi. Yayibamba eziyisithupha ngesikhathi, yenza zonke izici ngomshini owodwa. Ngombono, ephelele. Empeleni, noma iyiphi i-chip encane eshumekwe emzimbeni we-fixture izotshekisa ingxenye ethile, ikhiphe yonke inqwaba. Sichithe isikhathi esiningi sihlanza futhi siqinisekisa okukhona kunezingxenye ezigijimayo. Sibuyele ekubambeni okulula, okuyingxenye eyodwa kwekholethi. Isikhathi somjikelezo ngengxenye besiside, kodwa ukusebenza kanye nesivuno kukhuphuke kakhulu. Ukunemba ngokuvamile kumayelana nokunciphisa okuguquguqukayo, hhayi ukwengeza ubunkimbinkimbi.
Ngezikulufu ezinde, ezincanyana—cabanga ngezikulufu zokuhola noma ama-actuator shafts—ukulungiswa kuyinqubo yonke. Ulwa nokuchezuka. Iqhinga alikona ukuphumula okuqinile njalo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuwukulandelana kwemisebenzi: phenduka, khulula ingcindezi, bese uqedela ukujika. Umshini ingxenye kabili ukuze uyivumele ithole isimo sayo semvelo phakathi. Isikhathi somshini siphindwe kabili, kodwa ingxenye iyasebenza. Lokho ukuhlaziya izindleko-inzuzo ongeke ukuthole encwadini yokufunda.
Ukulinganisa Kuyinqubo, Akusona Isinyathelo
Ukuhlola kokugcina akukhona ukulawula ikhwalithi; kuwukucwaningwa kwamabhuku. Ikhwalithi yangempela yakhelwe kunqubo. Ngomshini ngezikulufo, lokhu kusho ukukala okungaphakathi kwenqubo, ukuqoqwa kwedatha ye-SPC kubukhulu obubalulekile, futhi—ngokubalulekile—ukuqonda lokho okukalayo.
Ingxenye yokufakelwa kwezokwelapha enentambo ingase ibe nobubanzi obuphelele obukhulu kanye nephimbo. Kodwa uma impande yentambo ine-radius encane evela ethuluzini eligugile, iba yinto yokugxilisa ukucindezeleka. I-standard plug gauge izoyidlulisa. Isiqhathanisi esibonakalayo noma i-profilometer ingase iyibambe. Incazelo yokunemba yaleyo ngxenye ihlanganisa i-spec yokuqeda phezulu empandeni. Kufanele ulinganise into efanele.
Sihlanganise i-laser micrometer elula esitokweni sokuphakelayo ngomsebenzi wamaphini wevolumu ephezulu. Bekungekona okokuhlunga; bekungeyokuqapha. Ukubona ububanzi besitoko sebha engenayo sikhukhuleka ngama-microns ambalwa kusivumele ukuba silungise ngokuqhubekayo ukususwa kwamathuluzi ngaphambi kokuba izingxenye zikhukhulwe ziphume ekucacisweni. Lona umqondo: ukulinganisa njenge-loop yempendulo yomshini, hhayi nje isango lokudlula / lokuhluleka ekugcineni. Iqondana nendlela ebanzi oyibona kubahlinzeki asebekhulile abaphatha uchungechunge olugcwele, kusukela ekukhethweni kwengxubevange kuya ku-metrology yokugcina.
Ebuyisela Konke Phansi
Pho lokhu kusishiya kuphi? Ukunemba kwezikulufu machining akuwona umnyango; kuyisiko. Umuntu ophathekayo okhuluma nethimba labalingisi, okhuluma nomdidiyeli wezinhlelo, olalela uchwepheshe wemishini oqhuba lo msebenzi, ophakela imininingwane emuva kunjiniyela wekhwalithi. Kumayelana nokuthatha izinqumo ucabangela yonke inqubo.
Uma ubheka amakhono enkampani, njengalawo ashiwo ku-QSY, ukhiye akulona uhlu lwemishini. Iqiniso lokuthi sebeneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 benza umsebenzi wokulingisa nomshini ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa. Lokho kuphila isikhathi eside kuphakamisa ukuthi bazixazulule lezi zinkinga zokuhlanganisa. Cishe baye bafunda, ngokuzama nangephutha, indlela yokwenza umshini wokulingisa ngaphandle kokuwushaqisa, indlela yokukhetha ingxubevange ezomshini kahle futhi isebenze ensimini, nalapho ukubekezelela okungu-±0.001 kulungile ngokwanele.
Ukuhlolwa kokugcina kuhlale kuyingxenye ekusetshenzisweni. Ngike ngabona izikulufo ezenziwe ngomshini zihluleka ngoba ukunemba bekugxile esikhunjeni kuphela. Futhi ngibone izingxenye ezinezindawo ezimbalwa ezimahhadlahhadla ezindaweni ezingabalulekile zisebenza kahle amashumi eminyaka ngoba izici ezibucayi zenziwe ngokuqonda okujulile kwezinto, inqubo, nomsebenzi. Yilokho umgomo wangempela. Kungcolile, kuyaphindaphinda, futhi kugcwele ukwahlulela. Futhi yilokho okwenza kube ubuciko bangempela, hhayi nje umugqa eshidini lamakhono.
