Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa 'izingxenye zokutshala izimali zensimbi engagqwali,' bafanekisela ingxenye ecwebezelayo, engenasici. Leso isithombe sokumaketha. Iqiniso eliku-Foundry floor yizingxoxo eziqhubekayo phakathi kwe-metallurgy, i-geometry, nezindleko. Ubungcweti bangempela abukho nje ekwenzeni kubukeke kukuhle—kusekubikezeleni ukuthi insimbi izogeleza kanjani kulelogobolondo le-ceramic, lapho ukuncipha kungase kucashe khona, nokuthi yiliphi ibanga elingu-316L elizoziphatha ngendlela eshiwo ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa. Ngibone imidwebo eminingi kakhulu lapho umklami ecacise khona ukubekezelela utshalomali okuqinile ethatha ukuthi kufana nokwenza imishini, engaboni ukuthi inqubo inemithetho yayo yegeyimu.
Umdlalo Weshell: Ngaphezu Kwesikhunta Nje
Ake sikhulume ngegobolondo. Kuyinhliziyo yenqubo, nalapho izitolo eziningi zinqamula khona. Igobolondo elifanele aligcini nje ngokucwiliswa udaka nesihlabathi. Imayelana nokubalwa kongqimba, ukuqhubekela phambili kwegrit ye-stucco, kanye nezindawo ezilawulwayo zokoma. Ngikhumbula iqoqo lezinto ezithile zasolwandle lapho saba nokunyuka komswakama okungazelelwe. Amagobolondo ayezwakala omile lapho ewathinta, kodwa ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-waxing, sathola imifantu emincane. Umphumela? I-finning ecashile ekulingisini evele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwengcindezi. Yisehluleki leso ongeke usibone ngeso lenyama njalo. Kungifundise ukuhlonipha irekhodi lokulawula isimo sezulu njengombiko we-metallurgy.
Yilapho isipiliyoni ngezinto ezifana ne insimbi engagqwali utshalomali izingxenye casting ngoba amakhemikhali futha impeller iba esibucayi. Igobolondo lidinga ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kwe-17-4PH encibilikisiwe, okuthelwa ezingeni lokushisa elihlukile futhi liziphatha ngendlela ehlukile, ake sithi, 304. Iresiphi yegobolondo elijwayelekile izoholela ekufakweni noma ukugoba phezulu. Uthuthukisa ukuzizwa ngakho—umsindo igobolondo eliwenzayo uma ucofa ngezigaba ezahlukene ukutshela okungaphezu kwencwadi ethile.
Ngisebenze nabahlinzeki abaziqhayisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ekwakhiweni kwamagobolondo. Kuhle kakhulu ukuhambisana nokugijima kwevolumu ephezulu. Kodwa ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinevolumu ephansi—njengomzimba we-valve wangokwezifiso namashaneli angaphakathi abalulekile—akukabikho enye indawo kachwepheshe onekhono oqinisa mathupha izindawo ezisengozini ngokucwiliswa kwe-slurry eyengeziwe. Lokho kuyinuance ongeke uyithole encwajaneni.
Okubalulekile Akulona Nje Ishidi Elicacisiwe
Ukucacisa i-CF8M noma i-316 engenabala emdwebeni kuyisiqalo nje. Umkhuba wokuncibilika uyikho konke. Okokuvikela ukubola insimbi engagqwali utshalomali izingxenye casting, ikakhulukazi ogwini noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zemithi, udinga ukulawula okuqinile phezu kwezinto ezifana nekhabhoni, isulfure, nokuqukethwe kwe-ferrite. Ukuchezuka kancane kubhalansi kungashintsha ukuphonsa okuhle kakhulu kube iphupho elibi lokugqwala ngemva kokushisela noma ukuchayeka kuma-chloride.
Sake saba nephrojekthi yezindlu zezinzwa endaweni yokukhipha usawoti emanzini. I-spec ibiyi-standard 316. Silethe lokho okuhlangabezana nezinga le-ASTM. Bahlulekile enkundleni phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha ngenxa yokugqwala kwemifantu. Siyini isifundo? Ibanga elijwayelekile belinganele kuleyo ndawo encanyana, enokhahlo. Kwadingeka sishintshele ku-super duplex grade ngenqwaba yokushintsha. Manje, uma ngibona umdwebo, ngihlale ngibuza ngendawo yokusebenza yangempela, hhayi nje ukukhala kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Lawa amandla ama-foundries aphatha ama-alloys ahlukahlukene. Isitolo esenza kuphela i-stainless standard singase sikugeje lokhu. Indawo efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngolwazi lwabo olusohlwini lwe ama-alloys akhethekile njengalezo ezisekelwe ku-nickel, ngokwemvelo zizoba nezinqubo eziqinile zokuncibilika kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi. Ukusebenza ngalawo ma-alloys akhohlisayo kuphoqa isiyalo esizuzisa ngisho namabanga ajwayelekile angenasici.
Ukukhohlisa kwe-As-Cast kuphelile
Kunombono oyiphutha ovamile wokuthi ukutshala imali kuletha isiphetho esilungele ukusetshenziswa. I-as-cast surface ingaba yinhle, ngokuvamile izungeze i-125 Ra, kodwa akuvamile ukuba ibe indawo yokugcina. Noma iyiphi indawo yokuvala, ubuso bokukhwelana, noma ububanzi obubucayi buzodinga umshini. Inani langempela likumumo we-net-net. Unciphisa isikhathi sokwenza imishini nokumosha izinto ezibonakalayo.
Inselele ukuhlinzeka ngesitokwe semishini esanele ezindaweni ezifanele ngaphandle kokwenza ukusakaza kube nzima kakhulu noma ukudala izinkinga zesisindo esishisayo ngesikhathi sokuqina. Ngike ngasakaza ngomshini lapho isitoko singalingani kangangokuthi ithuluzi lakhuluma kusikwa kokuqala, lembula indawo eqinile ngaphansi. Lokho kuvame ukukhomba izinga lokupholisa elingahambisani kuleso sigaba sesikhunta. Kuyinkinga yokulingisa ebonakala esigabeni sokukhanda, ifiphaze umugqa phakathi kwezinqubo ezimbili.
Kungakho ukuhlanganiswa kokusakazwa kwemishini kanye ne-CNC ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njengoba kuphakamisa ukusebenza kwe-QSY, kuyinzuzo enkulu. Ithimba lemishini lingadla libuyele ngqo ku-Foundry: Sihlala sishaya indawo eqinile lapha, noma Le flange iyahlanekezela ngesikhathi sokubopha. I-Foundry ingakwazi ukulungisa i-gating noma inqubo yokupholisa. Iphendula i-supply chain ibe iluphu yempendulo.
Lapho Inkimbinkimbi Iluma Emuva
Ukufakwa kwe-investimenti kuthengiswa ngekhono layo lokukhiqiza izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kuyiqiniso lokho, kodwa akubona bonke ubunkimbinkimbi obulinganayo. Izindlu ezijulile neziwumngcingo ziyinkathazo. Bangabamba udaka, okuholela ekufakweni kwegobolondo, noma bavimbele ukugeleza kwensimbi okufanele. Ngikhumbula ingxenye eyayibukeka inhle kumodeli we-CAD—isakhiwo se-lattice ngaphakathi kwendlu. Enhle. Kodwa kwakuyiphupho elibi lomenzi wegobolondo. I-ceramic core eyayidingeka yayintekenteke ngendlela emangalisayo. Izinga lesivuno lalibi kakhulu.
Kwesinye isikhathi, umnyakazo ohlakaniphe kakhulu uwukwenza ukusakaza kube lula futhi kushicilele isici sangaphakathi esiyinkimbinkimbi. Noma uhlukanise ingxenye ibe ama-castings amabili azoshiselwa. Lokhu kudinga ukubuyela emuva naphambili nomklami, okuyinto abathengi abaningi abangayilindele. Bafuna ifayela le-CAD elicashunwe njengoba linjalo. Isisekelo esihle sizoqala leyo ngxoxo, noma ngabe kungaba sengozini yokulahlekelwa isisho. Isindisa wonke umuntu ekuhlulekeni phansi komugqa.
Le ngxoxo ye-design-for-manufacturability (DFM) ibalulekile. Kulapho obona khona ukuthi umphakeli umane engothatha ama-oda noma umlingani weqiniso. Inkampani eneminyaka engu-30 ekulingiseni nasekukhiqizeni imishini, njenge-QSY eshiwo, kungenzeka ukuthi yakhe lesi sikhundla sokweluleka. Babonile ukuthi yini esebenzayo nokuthi yini ephukayo, ngokwezimali nangokwensimbi.
Izindleko Zangempela: Isivuno siyinkosi
Intengo yeyunithi ngokulingisa ngakunye iyimethrikhi eyize. Izindleko zangempela zisengqikithini yezindleko zephrojekthi, ezilawulwa yisivuno. Intengo yeyunithi eshibhile enesivuno esingu-50% ngenxa ye-porosity noma ukuhlanekezela umgodi wemali. Ukhokhela izinsalela, ukuhlanganisa okubambezelekile, kanye nempahla yokuthutha emoyeni yesimo esiphuthumayo ukuze kushintshwe.
Ukwakha izinga lesivuno elithembekile insimbi engagqwali utshalomali izingxenye casting ivela ekulawuleni okuguquguqukayo okuyikhulu okuncane: izinga lokushisa lomjovo we-wax, isikhathi sokubhaka igobolondo, isivinini sokuthulula, i-gating design. Ayibukhazikhazi. Ama-logbook, amashadi okulawula inqubo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, intuition. Uqala ukubona iphunga legobolondo elibhakwe kahle uma liqhathaniswa nelisabambe umswakama.
Isivuno esiphezulu simayelana nokukhulumisana okuqotho. Umsunguli ochwepheshe uzokutshela uma isici sinobungozi obukhulu benqubo yabo. Ngincamela ukuzwa ukuthi singakwenza lokho, kodwa sincoma ukungeza irediyasi engu-0.5mm ukuze uthuthukise ukugcwalisa esigabeni sokucaphuna kunokuthi ngizwe ukuthi sinesilinganiso se-scrap esingu-30% kulesi sici ngemva kokwenziwa kwamathuluzi. Lokho kwethembeka, okuzalwe kusukela emashumini eminyaka okusebenza, yikho okuhlukanisa uzakwethu wezobuchwepheshe kumthengisi wempahla. Ishintsha inqubo isuke ebhokisini elimnyama iyenze umzamo wokubambisana wobunjiniyela, okuyilapho inani langempela lokutshala izimali lilele khona.
