Uma abantu abaningi bezwa 'ipompo yensimbi engagqwali', bafanekisela iyunithi ecwebezelayo, engabhubhi. Lowo umbono oyiphutha wokuqala. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ibanga libaluleke kakhulu kunelebula. 304 ingase ilungele isicelo sokudlulisa amanzi, kodwa ibeke enqubweni yamakhemikhali ethambile noma, okubi nakakhulu, indawo enosawoti, futhi uzobona ukwehluleka ngokushesha kunalokho obungacabanga. Ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu 'angenasici' njengokubanjwa konke, kuphela ukubhekana nokugqwala ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokushintshwa okubizayo. Akukhona nje ngezinto ezibonakalayo; imayelana nempahla efanele yomsebenzi, nokuthi yenziwa kanjani.
Isisekelo Sokusakaza: Lapho Ukwethembeka Kwakhiwe
Yilapho indaba yangempela iqala khona. Ukuqina kwephampu akwenziwa nje ubunjiniyela; kuphonswe. Indlu, i-impeller, i-volute-lezi zingxenye ezibalulekile ziqala ukuphila kwazo njengesikhunta. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu kulo mkhakha, ngifunde ukuthi inqubo yokusungula iqhawe elingaqashiwe. Ingxenye ephonswe kabi, ngisho naku-316L, izoba nezinto ezifakiwe, izindawo ezibuthakathaka, noma i-micro-porosity eba amaphuzu okuhluleka ngaphansi kwengcindezi noma ukuhlaselwa okulimazayo. Awukwazi ukwenza ikhwalithi yomshini ibe ukusakaza okubi.
Yingakho ukutholakala kanye futha insimbi engagqwali uchungechunge lokukhiqiza izingxenye lubalulekile. Ngisebenze nabahlinzeki abanqamula inqubo yokuncibilika noma ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokusakazwa, futhi imiphumela ihlezi ifana: ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo nempilo yokuphila engalindelekile. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngokugxila kwabo isikhathi eside ukubunjwa kwegobolondo futhi ukutshala imali, uyakuqonda lokhu. Isikhathi sabo seminyaka engama-30 akuyona nje inombolo; ikhuluma nokulawulwa okucolisisiwe kokusansimbi nokwenza isikhunta okuhumusha ngokuqondile ubuqotho besakhiwo engxenyeni yokugcina yepompo. Ukubumba igobolondo, ngokwesibonelo, kunikeza isiphetho esingcono esingaphezulu kanye nokunemba kobukhulu kunokusakazwa kwesihlabathi okuvamile, okusho ukugxila okuncane kwengcindezi nezici zokugeleza ezingcono ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokumpompa.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi lapho sasilungisa kabusha amaphampu ukuze sithole amanzi okupholisa asogwini. Izindlu zokuqala zensimbi zaziwa. Sishintshele ku-a insimbi engagqwali futha, kodwa iqoqo lokuqala lokulingisa elivela kumnikezeli omusha wehlulekile ngendlela ebonakalayo—umkhondo wama-deoxidizer angafanele. Kwadingeka silahle yonke into. Kwakuyisifundo ekuhloleni hhayi nje isitifiketi sempahla, kodwa yonke inqubo yekhwalithi ye-Foundry. Ukungaguquguquki okuvela ku-Foundry esinesizini akuxoxiswana ngakho.
Ukunemba Komshini: Ukulingana Okusho Ukusebenza
Ngisho nokulingisa okuphelele kuwumfanekiso omahhadlahhadla. Ukunemba kuvela emishinini. Ukubekezelelwa komkhono we-pump shaft, indawo engaphezulu yegumbi le-seal, ibhalansi eguquguqukayo ye-impeller - yilokhu okuhlukanisa ihhashi elithulile, elisebenza kahle nesikweletu esidlidlizayo, esivuzayo. CNC imishini iyindinganiso ngesizathu, kodwa akuzona zonke izitolo ze-CNC ezilingana nezingxenye zephampu.
Inselele nge insimbi engagqwali ukuthambekela kwayo kokuqinisa umsebenzi. Uma amapharamitha akho omshini ecishiwe—izinga lokuphakelayo, isivinini sokusika, isipholile—ungehlisa isithunzi sezinto ezibonakalayo phezulu, udale ama-micro-fractures noma isikhumba esiqinile esijwayele ukuqhekeka. Ngithole ama-impellers abuyile emishinini ebukeka iphelele kodwa ehlulekile ekuhlolweni kwebhalansi ngoba indlela yamathuluzi idale ingcindezi eyinsalela. Kuyinto ecashile ebonakala kuphela ekusebenzeni.
Yilapho amakhono adidiyelwe abalulekile. Uzakwethu ophethe kokubili ukulingisa noku CNC imishini endlini, njengokusho kwe-QSY ekusebenzeni kwayo, kunenzuzo enkulu. Ochwepheshe bemishini baqonda ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu nokuziphatha kokulingisa abasebenza ngakho. Bangakwazi ukulungisa izinqubo ngokusekelwe endaweni ethile yokushisa insimbi engagqwali noma ingxubevange ekhethekile. Lokhu kuqhubeka kunciphisa okuguquguqukayo futhi, ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, kuholela engxenyeni yokugcina enokwethenjelwa kakhudlwana ye futha insimbi engagqwali umhlanganisi.
Ama-Nuances Wezinto ezibonakalayo: Ayinabala nje
Ake sicacise. 304, 316, 316L, Duplex, Super Duplex, ngisho nama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel njenge-Alloy 20 noma i-Hastelloy C—wonke awela ngaphansi kwesambulela 'esingenasici' samaphampu. Ukuzikhethela yikho konke. I-316L, enokuqukethwe kwayo kwe-molybdenum, iyinto ezenzakalelayo yemisebenzi eminingi yamakhemikhali, kodwa ubuthakathaka bayo ama-chloride. Yilapho izinsimbi ze-Duplex, nesakhiwo sazo esixubile se-austenitic-ferritic, zifika khona nokuphikiswa okungcono kokubola kokubola.
Ngasebenza kuphrojekthi yezitshalo ze-biodiesel lapho ukusakazwa kwenqubo kwakunama-fatty acids kanye ne-methanol. Siqale sathi 316L. Kwaqhubeka unyaka, sabe sesiqala ukubona ukugoba ebusweni be-gasket. Kwavela ukuthi, ukulandelela ama-chloride kusuka ekungcoleni kwe-feedstock kwaba yimbangela. Kwadingeka sithuthukise izingxenye ezimanzi ukuze zibe a super duplex insimbi engagqwali. Bekuyi-retrofit ebizayo ebingagwenywa ngokuhlaziywa koketshezi lwasekuqaleni kanye nokukhetha kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Uhlaka lwephampu nesisekelo kungahlala njengokungu-304, kodwa zonke izingxenye ezimanzi zidinga ukuthuthukiswa.
Yingakho uhla lwezinto zomhlinzeki lusho. Lapho inkampani ibala isipiliyoni nge ama-alloys akhethekile njengama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt noma asekelwe ku-nickel, kukhombisa ukuthi ayihlomele imisebenzi enzima—izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, eligqwalile kakhulu, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-slurry ezilimazayo. Lezi akuzona izixazululo ezingaphandle kweshalofu; zidinga ulwazi oluyisipesheli kukho kokubili ukulingisa kanye nokwenza imishini, okuzondla ngokuqondile ekwakheni okuqinile ngempela futha insimbi engagqwali ngenkonzo eyeqisayo.
Umhlangano Nezipoki Zomhlaba Wangempela
Ungaba nezingxenye ezisansimbi nezenziwe ngomshini ngokuphelele, bese uhlanganisa iphampu embi. Ukulingana phakathi kwe-shaft nomkhono, ukuhleleka kobuso be-mechanical seal, ukunyakaziswa okufanele kwezinsimbi—yilapho ngokuvamile kuvame ukuvela khona ukwehluleka kwenkundla. Ngibone i-impeller enhle yokutshala imali yonakalisiwe ngoba ithimba lomhlangano lisebenzise isando ukulihlalisa ku-shaft, lashaqisa ama-bearings kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.
Esinye isipoki yi-cavitation. Abantu basola iphampu, kodwa ngokuvamile kuba yinkinga yokuklama isistimu. Kodwa-ke, impahla kanye nokwakhiwa kwepompo kungathonya umonakalo. Ipompo ye-cavitating izodla nganoma iyiphi into, kodwa ibanga eliphansi insimbi engagqwali noma oneziphambeko zokuphonsa uzoguguleka futhi abhodloze ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukusakaza okunobuqotho okuphezulu okunebanga elilungile kungakuthenga isikhathi sokuxilonga nokulungisa inkinga yesistimu ngaphambi kokwehluleka okuphelele.
Yilezi zinkinga ze-interstitial—lezo eziphakathi kwe-spec yengxenye kanye nokufakwa kokugcina—ezibusa impilo yochwepheshe bephampu. Izinga lezingxenye eziyisisekelo ezivela ku-Foundry kanye nesitolo somshini kusetha uphahla lwalokho okungenzeka ensimini. Uma lezo zingxenye zizwakala, ulwa nezinkinga zesistimu, hhayi amaphutha emishini.
Ukubheka Emuva Ukuqhubekela Phambili
Ngakho, yini ukuthatha? Ukucacisa a futha insimbi engagqwali akuwona umsebenzi webhokisi lokuhlola. Iwuchungechunge lwezinqumo: ingxubevange elungile yoketshezi nendawo ezungezile, inqubo yokulingisa ekwazi ukuletha umsindo, isakhiwo esilinganayo, ukucutshungulwa okunembayo okuhlonipha izici zezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi ekugcineni, ukuhlanganisa okunekhono nokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu.
Lapho ngihlola abahlinzeki, manje sengibheka ngale kwencwajana yepompo ukuya engxenyeni yabo yokukhiqiza. Umlando ofana Idatha ye-QSY-Iminyaka engama-30 ekulingiseni nasekukhiqizeni ama-spectrum kusuka ku-cast iron kuya ama-alloys akhethekile-Ibonisa ukujula kolwazi lwensimbi nolwazi lwenqubo oluhluza lufinyelele ekuthembekeni komkhiqizo wokugcina. Ababona nje umdayisi; ziwumthombo wamabhulokhi wokwakha abalulekile.
Ngokuzayo uma ubamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi yephampu, yimba umsuka wengxenye. Buza mayelana nendlela yokuphonsa, ukwelashwa kokushisa, umthombo womshini. Kulapho impi yangempela yokuphila isikhathi eside inqotshwa noma ilahleka khona, kudala ngaphambi kokuba iphampu ibone ukwehla kwayo kokuqala koketshezi. Indawo ecwebezelayo isiphetho sendaba ende, enemininingwane eminingi.
