Uzwa u-Stellite ejikijelwa kakhulu ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nasemihlanganweni yokuthengwa kwempahla, ngokuvamile njengento yokubamba yonke into ebheke kanzima noma esekelwe ku-cobalt. Lowo ngumbono oyiphutha wokuqala lowo. Akuyona into eyodwa kodwa umndeni, ngokuyinhloko ama-cobalt-chromium alloys, futhi i-delta yokusebenza phakathi kwamabanga afana ne-Stellite 6, 12, noma 21 inkulu. Ngibone amaphrojekthi ehluleka ngoba othile usanda kucacisa i-Stellite emdwebeni, ecabanga ukuthi yonke iyafana kakhulu. Akunjalo. Ukukhetha phakathi kwebanga lekhabhoni ephezulu yokuhuzuka kakhulu kanye nekhabhoni ephansi ukuze kube nokumelana nomthelela ongcono akuyona imfundo—kungumehluko phakathi kwesihlalo sevalvu esihlala izinyanga eziyisithupha noma iminyaka emithathu.
I-Casting Conundrum kanye ne-Shell Mold Reality
Ukusebenza ngalawa ma-alloys akufani nokwenza insimbi ethambile. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cobalt ne-chromium kubenza babe amaphupho amabi anzima uma ungaqaphile. Ekuqaleni, sizame ukusika ukulingisa kwe-Stellite 6 ngokufaka okujwayelekile kwe-carbide. Umphumela? Izindawo ezicwebezelayo, ukuguga kwamathuluzi ngokushesha, nezingxenye ezibukeka zihlafuniwe. Ijiko lokufunda laliphakeme. Udinga ukusetha okuqinile, ama-geometries aqondile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, kufanele wamukele ukuthi ukugaya kuyisinyathelo sokugcina sokubekezelelana okubalulekile.
Yilapho inqubo ekhuphukayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ingxenye ye-Stellite engafakwanga kahle cishe ayinakwenzeka ukuhlenga ngokwezomnotho ngokusebenzisa imishini. Sibe nokuvumelana okuhle kakhulu ukubunjwa kwegobolondo izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuzinza kwe-dimensional kanye nokuqedwa kwengaphezulu kusuka kusikhunta esihle segobolondo kukunikeza ithuba lokulwa esigabeni se-CNC. Yehlisa inani lalokho okubalulekile okudingeka ukususe, okusindisa ngokuqondile isikhathi nezindleko zamathuluzi.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi ethile yeklayenti le-petrochemical elidinga umkhono wokugqoka ngokwezifiso. I-prototype yokuqala, esakazwa ngenqubo yesihlabathi elula, yayinezindawo zokuqina ezingaguquki kanye nokuncipha okufihliwe. Ukumatanisa kwakuyimpi. Sishintshele kunqubo yokubumba igobolondo elinembayo ukuze siqalise ukukhiqiza, sisebenzisana ne-Foundry eyazi ukuthi ziphathwa kanjani izici zokuqinisa ingxubevange—njenge I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY). Ukugxila kwabo emashumini amathathu eminyaka ekulingiseni nasekukhiqizeni imishini kusho ukuthi bathola ukusebenzisana okudingekayo. Awukwazi ukuvele uyikhiphe bese wethemba ukuthi esinye isitolo sizokucacisa ukusetshenzwa kwemishini. Ukuba nayo ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, noma nozakwethu ohlanganiswe ngokuqinile, kubalulekile. Imikhono yokukhiqiza iphume ne-microstructure efanayo, futhi umnyango wethu we-CNC ungabamba ukubekezelelana okuqinile ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezingapheli zamathuluzi.
I-CNC Machining: Umdanso Othambile Onobulukhuni
I-Machining Stellite iyisifundo solaka olulawulwayo. Awukwazi ukuba namahloni ngokusikeka kwakho, noma uzovele usebenze-uqinise indawo ibe isendlalelo esingangeneki. Kodwa futhi awukwazi ukumane uvele ungene kuwo. Indawo emnandi iyisiphakeli esingaguquki, esimaphakathi esinethuluzi elibukhali. Sincika kakhulu ekufakweni kwe-ceramic noma kwe-CBN ukuze siqedele amamaki anzima. I-Coolant ayixoxiswana, futhi hhayi nje ukupholisa-isiza ngokukhipha ama-chip. Ama-chips amade, anentambo asonga ithuluzi? Leyo yindlela esheshayo yokucekela phansi ingxenye nesiphathi samathuluzi.
Umniningwane owodwa ovame ukunganakwa wukulungisa. Ngoba uphusha ithuluzi futhi okokusebenza kuqinile, ingxenye kufanele ikhiyelwe phansi ngokuphelele. Noma iyiphi ingxoxo noma ukudlidliza kuhumusha ngokuqondile kube ukuqhekeka okuncane engxenyeni, okuba izindawo zokuqala zokuqhekeka kwesevisi. Sithuthele kuma-hydraulic fixtures wezingxenye ezibalulekile ze-Stellite. Kuyizindleko ezingeziwe, kodwa ishibhile kunokuchitha u- $5,000 wabalingisi ngenxa yokungaqedi kahle kwendawo kusuka ku-fixture flex.
Ama-post-machining ngokuvamile aveza iqiniso lokulingisa. Sake sasebenza ngomshini inqwaba ye-Stellite 21 turbine shrouds. Kwabaningi, indlela yamathuluzi yayibushelelezi. Kokubili, sithole ukusikeka okungavamile, okubangela izinhlansi ezindaweni ezithile. Ibonise ukuhluka kwendawo ngobulukhuni, cishe ukuhlukaniswa kwe-carbide kusukela esigabeni sokulingisa. Kwadingeka sidonse labo ababili ukuze bathole ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kokushisa ukuze sihlanganise isakhiwo—ukubambezeleka okwakungafunwa muntu. Kugcizelela ukuthi noma unesisekelo esihle, udinga ukuhlolwa okungenayo okuqinile, ngezinye izikhathi okungaphezu kokuhlolwa kwekhemistri okulula ukufaka ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-ultrasonic noma kwe-eddy ukuze uthole ukungaguquguquki.
Ukukhethwa kwe-alloy: Akukaze kube nje I-Stellite
Isigaba se-alloys esikhethekile yilapho ubunjiniyela bangempela kwenzeka khona. I-Stellite ihlezi eduze kwama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel njenge-Inconel, kodwa izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ziyehluka. I-Stellite yokuguga nokumelana nokuqina emazingeni okushisa aphakathi naphezulu; ama-nickel-alloys amaningi ukuze uthole amandla ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokugqwala. Ngike ngabona amadizayini lapho i-Inconel 625 yaqale yacaciswa khona isinqamuleli sevalvu eshisa kakhulu, kodwa imodi yokwehluleka kwangempela kwakuwukuguguleka komdwebo wezintambo kusukela ekugelezeni kwesivinini esikhulu. Ukushintshela kukhabhoni ephezulu I-Stellite Ibanga elifana ne-Stellite 3 lixazulule inkinga ngenani eliphansi.
Le matrix yesinqumo ibalulekile. Kufanele ubuze: Ingabe isitha esiyinhloko ukuhuzuka, ukuguguleka, ukugqwala, noma inhlanganisela? Lithini izinga lokushisa lokusebenza? Ingabe kukhona umthelela? Insiza efana QSYIphothifoliyo, ehlanganisa yomibili imindeni ye-cobalt ne-nickel, iwusizo ngoba ayichemi esixazululweni esisodwa. Bangakwazi, noma kufanele bakwazi, ukweluleka ngokusekelwe esicelweni. Isibonelo, kumkhono wepompo endaweni enosawoti obhekene nakho kokubili ukugqwala nama-slurries abrasive, bangaphakamisa imbondela ye-Stellite 6 ku-substrate yensimbi engagqwali esikhundleni se-nickel alloy eqinile, ebiza kakhulu.
Ukuhluleka kwemininingwane yokulala. Iklayenti lake laphikelela ku-Stellite 1 ngayo yonke into ngoba inobunzima obuphezulu ohlwini. Bayisebenzise ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo nomthelela omncane. Izingxenye zaqhekeka. I-Stellite 1 i-brittle. Kwadingeka siwahambise kuma-data sheet ukuze sibonise ukuthi i-Stellite 6, ene-ductility engcono kanye nokumelana nokugqoka okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, kwakuyisinqumo esifanele salowo mthwalo onamandla. Izinombolo zedatha aziyisho yonke indaba; isipiliyoni ensimini kwenza.
Ukuhlanganiswa kusuka ku-Melt kuya kumshini
Isifundo esikhulu esitholiwe wukunqamula phakathi kokulingisa kanye nokwenza imishini. Lapho ephathwa njengama-silos ahlukene, amaphrojekthi we-Stellite opha imali nesikhathi. I-Foundry idinga ukuqonda ukuthi umshini wemishini ubhekene nani. Izinto ezilula njengokwengeza ama-engeli angakapheli, angashintshi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokukhuphuka nezikhuphukayo zisezindaweni ezingabalulekile, nokugwema izigaba ezizacile kakhulu ezipholisa ngokushesha kakhulu kungenza noma kwephule ukusebenza kahle.
Izinkampani ezisebenze kuzo zombili izikhala iminyaka, njengalokhu okukhulunywe ngakho I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (ungathola indlela yabo ku https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), babe nalolo lwazi olujulile. Umlando wabo weminyaka engu-30 ekulingiseni nasekukhiqizeni imishini ye-CNC akuwona nje umugqa wokumaketha; kuphakamisa ukuthi bawafake ngaphakathi la maphuzu ezinhlungu. Kungenzeka ukuthi bacabanga ngendawo yokulungisa imishini ngenkathi beklama isikhunta, okufanele kube yiyona ndlela. Kumsebenzisi wokugcina, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kunciphisa ubungozi. Awuthengi nje ukulingisa; uthenga ingxenye eyenziwe.
Isibonelo esisebenzayo: Besidinga isethi yamaringi aqinile, anezindonga ezincane eziqinile ku-Stellite 12. Inselele bekuwukuvimbela ukuhlanekezela ngesikhathi somshini ngemva kokulingisa. Inqubo ejwayelekile ingaphonsa, ikhulule ingcindezi, umshini, nethemba. Umhlinzeki ohlanganisiwe uphakamise inqubo eguquliwe: phonsa, yenza imishini enzima ibe yisimo esiseduze nenetha, bese kuba ukwelashwa kwesibili okuzinzisa ukushisa, okulandelwa ukunemba kokugcina komshini. Lesi sinyathelo esengeziwe, esizalwa ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho ngokuziphatha kwezinto ezibonakalayo kulo lonke uchungechunge, silethe izingxenye eziyisicaba, eziqinile. Yilolu hlobo lwe-nuance yenqubo ehlukanisa umthengisi wezingxenye nozakwethu wezixazululo.
Ukubheka Ngale Kwegama Lomkhiqizo
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Stellite yigama lomkhiqizo elingokomlando elivela ku-Deloro Stellite (manje eyingxenye ye-Kennametal). Kukhona ama-alloys e-cobalt-chromium afanayo avela kwabanye abakhiqizi. Ekuthengeni, ikakhulukazi izinto ezingabizi kakhulu kodwa ezinevolumu ephezulu, ukufaneleka kwento elinganayo kungaba ukuwina okukhulu. Isihluthulelo ukufaneleka ukusebenza, hhayi nje i-chemistry. Senze ukuhlolwa kokugqoka ngakunye ku-Stellite 6 enegama kanye ne-CoCr-A alloy ejwayelekile yohlelo lwephampu oluludaka. Ukusebenza bekufana ngokwezibalo, okuholele ekongeni okukhulu.
Nokho, lokhu akusona isincomo esiphelele. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi, ezithembeke kakhulu ku-aerospace noma ku-nuclear, ukulandeleka kanye nesitifiketi esiqinile sokugaya esifika nento enebhrendi ngokuvamile kufaneleka ukukhokhelwa. Ngolunye ucingo lokwahlulela. Iphuzu liwukwazi ukuthi unenketho futhi usekele isinqumo ezidingweni zesicelo kanye nephrofayili yobungozi, hhayi kumkhuba.
Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisana no-Stellite, cabanga ngendlela ehlelekile. Akulona uthuli lwemilingo olufafaza enkingeni. Iwumsebenzi onzima onenani elitholakala ngokugcwele kuphela ngokukhethwa kwebanga elinolwazi, inqubo yokukhiqiza elawulwayo nedidiyelwe kusukela ekubunjweni kuya engxenyeni eqediwe, kanye nokuqonda okucacile kwalokho okuzobhekana nakho enkonzweni. Thola lokho kahle, futhi ihlala isikhathi eside ngendlela emangalisayo. Kwenze okungalungile, futhi kuyisifundo esibizayo.
