Uma uzwa 'i-ultra high precision machining', izingqondo eziningi zigxuma ziqonde ekubekezeleni kwezinga le-micron kanye nokuqedwa kwangaphandle okungenasici. Leyo yingxenye yakho, impela, kodwa yingxenye elula ukukhuluma ngayo. Indaba yangempela iqala lapho uqaphela ukuthi ukushaya lezo zinombolo ku-billet ephelele, eqeda ukucindezeleka elebhu elawulwa yisimo sezulu kuyinto eyodwa. Ukuzifinyelela ngokungaguquguquki ezintweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, njenge-cast ye-turbine yasolwandle noma ukufakelwa kokuhlinzwa, usuku nosuku, yilapho umsebenzi wezandla uhlukana khona nempahla. Yilapho iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yokuphatha yonke into kusukela ku-gummy nickel alloys kuya ku-brittle cast irons ikufundisa khona ukuthi ukunemba akukhona nje ukukhishwa komshini; kuyinqubo eyakhelwe phezu kokulindela kanye nokuyekethisa okulawulwayo.
Isisekelo: Siqala Ngaphambi Kokuphenduka Kwe-spindle
Awukwazi ukwenza umshini lokho ongakwazi ukukukala ngokwethembeka, futhi awukwazi ukubamba ukunemba engxenyeni elwa nawe kusukela ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Lona umgodi omkhulu wokuqala engiwubonayo: izitolo ezicaphuna ubukhulu bokuphrinta zizodwa, zingawunaki umlando wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokusakazwa kokutshalwa kwezimali noma ukukhishwa kwesikhunta segobolondo, okuyibhizinisi eliwumgogodla wethu I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ingxenye ifika nokulandisa kwayo kwangaphakathi—ukucindezeleka okuyinsalela okuvela ekupholiseni, ukuhluka okuncane kokuqina kodonga, i-micro-porosity engaba khona. Ukugxumela uqonde ekuqedeni amaphasi kuyiresiphi yokuhlanekezela umsebenzi wangemva komshini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yinhle kangakanani i-CNC yakho.
Isu lokusetha nokulungisa liba yingxenye ebucayi, evame ukunganakwa, ingxenye yayo ukunemba okuphezulu kwemishini. Ngomzimba wevalvu yengxubevange esekelwe ku-cobalt enenani eliphezulu, singase sichithe isikhathi esiningi siklama futhi senza umshini wokulungisa wemojuli yangokwezifiso kunasengxenyeni ye-athikili yokuqala ngokwayo. Umgomo uwukusekela ingxenye ngendlela elingisa isimo sayo sokugcina sokufakwa, ukuze ungakhiyeli ekucindezelekeni. Kwesinye isikhathi, kuhilela ukulandelana kwamasu: i-op eshintshashintshayo, i-thermal soak ukuze ukhulule lokho esikungenisile, bese ubuyela esimisweni sokuqeda kancane. Ayisebenzi kahle ephepheni, kodwa iyona ndlela kuphela yokuqinisekisa ukuzinza.
Lo msebenzi oyisisekelo uxhumene ngqo nobungcweti bokulingisa. Ngenxa yokuthi siphatha ukusakaza kwangaphakathi, kusukela kunqubo yesikhunta segobolondo yamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi kuya ekufanekisweni kokuqina kwama-alloys akhethekile, sinokuqonda kweleveli yomthetho ukuthi izinselele zingaba kuphi esitokweni. Lokho kuyinzuzo engaphatheki. Isitolo semishini esihlanzekile sithola ibhokisi elimnyama; siwubonile wonke umjikelezo wempilo wengxenye. Lokhu kuvumela indlela yokwenza imishini ehlakaniphe kakhulu kusukela ekusetheni kokuqala.
Ithuluzi Lomshini Njengozakwethu, Hhayi Umlingo
I-Obsession ihlale inesigayo esisha, esisheshayo, esibiza kakhulu esingu-5-eksisi. Ungangizwa kabi, ikhono liyisihluthulelo. Kodwa ngiye ngabona ukunemba okwengeziwe kulahleke ngenxa ye-thermal drift emshinini onganakiwe noma i-spindle taper egugile esikhungweni 'se-state-of-the-art' kunokuntuleka kwe-eksisi yesithupha. Ukulawulwa kwemvelo akuxoxiswana. Sikhuluma ngehholo elizinikele lapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngaphakathi kwebhendi engu-±1°C, hhayi nje okomshini, kodwa okwelebhu ye-metrology kanye nezingxenye ezikulayini. Ingxenye, igeji, nomshini konke kudinga ukuthi kuculwe eshidini lehubo elifanayo ngokushisa.
Ukuphathwa kwamathuluzi kungomunye umbulali othule wokunemba. Ngezinto ezifana ne-Inconel noma i-Stellite, umkhawulo wokusika awugcini nje ukugqoka; ingakwazi ukwenza i-micro-chip noma ithuthukise unqenqema olwakhelwe emizuzwini emizuzwini, ilulaze isiphetho esingaphezulu kanye nobuqotho be-dimensional ngaphambi kokuthi ithuluzi 'lehluleke'. Sisebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinguquko ezihleliwe nokuqapha okungaphakathi kwenqubo, silalela ukusikwa nokubuka amajika okusetshenziswa kwamandla. Kunobuciko bokwazi umehluko phakathi komsindo wokusikwa kwensimbi engagqwali enempilo, enolaka kanye nokuqala kwengxoxo ezongonakalisa ukujikeleza kwebhore.
Bese kuba khona isoftware, uhlelo lweCAM. Ngoba ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu emsebenzini, ngokuvamile awusebenzisi izindlela zamathuluzi ezithuthukisiwe ezinolaka, ezisusa izinto ezibonakalayo. Usebenzisa amasu okuhlanganyela ahamba kancane, angaguquguquki—i-trochoidal milling, i-scallop-height engaguquki—abeka phambili umthwalo wamathuluzi obikezelwayo kanye nokukhishwa kokushisa ngaphezu kwesivinini esingavuthiwe. Uhlelo lukabakaki we-titanium aerospace lungase lubukeke lucophelela, noma lunamahloni, kumuntu ojwayele ukwenza i-aluminium. Kodwa yilokho kulawula okukuvumela ukuba ubambe indawo yangempela engu-?0.025mm kuzo zonke izici eziningi.
I-Metrology Feedback Loop
Ukunemba kuchazwa ngokulinganisa, ukuma okugcwele. Amandla akho okwenza imishini mahle kuphela nekhono lakho lokuwaqinisekisa. Ukuhlola okungaphakathi kwenqubo kuyithuluzi elihle lokunxephezela ama-fixture offset noma ukuhluka okuncane kwesitoko, kodwa akulona igama lokugcina. Ezicini ezibucayi, yonke into iphuma emshinini bese ingena elebhu ye-metrology elawulwa yisimo sezulu. Lapha yilapho ubhekana khona nomculo.
Sithembela kakhulu ku-Zeiss Contura CMM, kodwa futhi nakwikhithi ekhethekile: amaphrofayli angaphezulu anokulungiswa okuphezulu kwezilinganiso ze-Ra/Rz ebusweni obuvaliwe, nezifanisi zokubona zamaphrofayela ayinkimbinkimbi e-2D. Idatha akuyona nje eyokudlula/isitembu sokwehluleka. Idla ngqo emuva kochwepheshe bemishini nabahleli bohlelo. Uma sibona ukuchezuka okungaguquki ku-axis engu-Z yesici esithile, mhlawumbe kunenani elincane lokuchezuka kwamathuluzi esingazange silibale. Uhlelo lwengxenye elandelayo luthola ukulungiswa okungu-2-micron. Le loop ivaliwe, iyashesha, futhi ayikahleleki—inothi elibhalwe phansi, ukugoqana ngokushesha kusiqapha. Kulapho inqubo yetiyetha ihlangana khona neqiniso eliphathekayo laleyo qoqo ethile yezinto.
Lokhu kuba bucayi kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezihloselwe ukuhlanganiswa, njengezindlu zokutshala izimali ezenziwe ngokunemba esizikhiqizela amasistimu asebenza ngamanzi. Ingxenye eyodwa ekhishwa ama-microns ambalwa ingase iphumelele ekuhlolweni kwayo ngakunye, kodwa ibangele ukubopha noma ukuvuza emhlanganweni wokugcina. Idatha ye-metrology isisiza ukuthi sisuse isikhungo sebhendi yethu yokubekezelelana siye 'endaweni emnandi' ukuze silingane, hhayi nje siqonde ubukhulu begama. Kuyinto engokoqobo, incazelo eqhutshwa isicelo yokunemba.
Okubalulekile yi-Wild Card
Yilapho inkulumo yemishini ejwayelekile ihlukana khona. Ukunemba okuphezulu kwemishini yensimbi ethambile isiyalo esihluke kakhulu kunokwenza imvula-eqinisa ibala njenge-17-4PH, noma i-superalloy esekelwe ku-nickel. Impahla ngayinye ibuyela emuva ngendlela yayo. Imishini yensimbi eyi-Ductile cast inhle kodwa iyaluma, idinga ukukhethwa kwezinto zamathuluzi ngokucophelela. Ama-Austenitic stainless steels asebenza kanzima, ngakho-ke uma izinga lakho lokuphakelayo liphansi kakhulu noma ithuluzi lakho lingacijile ngokwanele, usebenza ngokubanda, okwenza iphasi elandelayo ibe nzima futhi yonakalise impilo yamathuluzi.
Ama-alloys akhethekile—ama-cobalt nama-nickel-based esivame ukusebenza ngawo QSY- bayingxenye yeqembu labo. Zigcina amandla emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okuhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokugcina kuma-turbines noma ukucubungula amakhemikhali, kodwa kubi kakhulu ekwenzeni imishini. Ukushisa kuhlala ku-chip kanye nethuluzi, hhayi ingxenye. Lokhu kudinga ijeometri yamathuluzi angavamile, isipholile esinengcindezi ephezulu eqondiswe ngqo onqenqemeni, kanye nokulungela kwengqondo ngesivinini esihamba kancane. 'Ukunemba' lapha kumayelana nokuphatha okokufaka okushisayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlanekezelwa kwengxenye kanye nokulimala kobuqotho obungaphezulu njengoba kumayelana nokushaya ubukhulu.
Ngikhumbula iphrojekthi engxenyeni ye-Monel lapho sithole khona imiphumela yobukhulu obuphelele ekugijimeni kokuqala, kodwa ukucindezeleka okusalayo okuvela emishinini kwabangela ukuba iqhekeke phakathi namaviki omsebenzi wesibili we-EDM kamuva. Ingxenye ngokobuchwepheshe 'bekuyi-spec' kwaze kwaba yilapho engekho. Sifunde ukuthi ngamanye alawa ma-alloys azwelayo, isu lomshini kufanele lifake ukuphathwa kwengcindezi njenge-KPI eyinhloko, ngisho noma kusho ukungeza isinyathelo esimaphakathi sokuvala. Ukuphrinta akukubizi lokho, kodwa umuzwa uyakwenza.
Isici Somuntu kanye Nomuzwa
I-automation iyamangalisa ngokuphindaphinda. Kodwa ngeqiniso ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu umsebenzi, ikakhulukazi kuvolumu ephansi, izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, intuition yomachinist onolwazi kuseyi-algorithm yokugcina. Ngumfana oqaphela i-harmonic ehluke kancane kumsindo wokuphotha ngesikhathi sokuqeda ku-bore ejulile bese enquma ukumisa, ahlole ithuluzi, futhi mhlawumbe alungise ukugeleza kokupholisa. Kuyisipiliyoni sokubheka ingxenye yesihloko sokuqala esisha emshinini, ngaphambi kombiko we-CMM, bese ukhomba isici esithi, Lelo hlombe lingase libe izingxenye ezimbalwa zeshumi ukuphakama, lingasekelwe lutho ngaphandle kokubukeka kokusikwa.
Lo muzwa wakhelwe ezinkulungwaneni zamahora futhi, okubalulekile, ekuhlulekeni. Silahle izingxenye ezibizayo. Wonke umuntu oke waba kulo mdlalo unalo. Okubalulekile wukwakha isiko lapho lokho kwehluleka kucutshungulwa ngaphandle kokusolwa. Ingabe bekuwukungaguquguquki okubalulekile okuvela ekuncibilikeni? Ukugadwa kwezinhlelo kuguquko lwendlela yamathuluzi? Ikholethi elalingahlanzekile ngendlela elalibukeka ngayo? Lokho kuhlolwa kwesidumbu kubaluleke kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi incwadi. Kwakha ulwazi lwesikhungo oludluliswayo, ngokuvamile ngendlela yemithetho elula yaphansi yesitolo noma izinto zohlu lokuhlola ezengezwe kumhambi kuleyo nombolo yengxenye ethile.
Ekupheleni kosuku, iwebhusayithi, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, singabhala amakhono ethu kumishini ye-CNC kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo. Kodwa lokho engeke ikuveze ngokugcwele yilokhu okuqoqiwe, okucishe kuthinteke ukuqonda ukuthi insimbi iziphatha kanjani ngaphansi komsiki. Kungumehluko phakathi kokusebenzisa umshini nokuhlela inqubo. Umgomo we ukunemba okuphezulu kwemishini akukhona nje ukwenza ingxenye ebukeka iyinhle embikweni we-CMM; wukuletha ingxenye esebenza ngokungenasici, ngokubikezelwa, ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okuhlosiwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokho kungaphansi kolwandle noma ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu. Futhi lolo hambo luhlala luqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuthi i-G-code iqale.
