Alloy bushings suna magance matsalar lalacewa ta ainihi da rashin daidaituwa-lokacin da aka tsara su daidai. Mun ga taron famfo na ruwa ya gaza bayan sa'o'in aiki 4,200 saboda daidaitaccen bushings na tagulla sun lalace a ƙarƙashin nauyin radial cyclic. Mun maye gurbin hannayen jagororin simintin ƙarfe mai fashe a cikin ramukan tsakiyar winch na teku da al'ada gami da bushewa shigarwa-da kuma tsawaita rayuwar sabis ta 3.7 ×. Wannan ba ka'idar ba ce. Ƙarfe-ƙarfe da aka tabbatar da shi da aka yi amfani da shi ga aikin joometry.
Me yasa Daidaitaccen Bushings ya kasa Karkashin lodin Masana'antu
Yawancin gazawar suna komawa zuwa zato guda uku da basu dace ba: wannan nauyin yana tsaye, zafin jiki yana tsayawa, kuma tuntuɓar ƙasa ta kasance iri ɗaya. A zahiri, gidaje na famfo na silinda na piston suna ganin matakan matsin lamba sama da mashaya 450 yayin da zafin mai yana jujjuyawa daga 35 ° C zuwa 110 ° C yayin zagayowar aiki. Wannan tazarar faɗaɗa thermal? A nan ne rashin daidaituwa ya fara. Bushes na Bronze suna laushi kusa da 150 ° C. Ƙarfe-kan-karfe musaya gall ba tare da sarrafa gogayya adadin. Kuma simintin gyare-gyare ba shi da kwanciyar hankali da ake buƙata don jurewar juzu'i na 0.015 mm a cikin manyan taro masu juyawa.
Mun bi diddigin gazawar filin 68 a cikin tsarin injin injin injin sama da watanni 18. Kashi 73% sun haɗa da zira kwallaye a kan mujallu na shaft-ba ta hanyar gurɓata ba, amma ta hanyar bushewa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba 120 MPa. Tushen dalilin ba datti ba ne. Ya kasance yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Alloy Bushing Materials: Daidaita Chemistry zuwa Aiki
Ba duk bushings na gami suke yin daidai ba. Cobalt-nickel alloys kamar AMS 5387 suna isar da taurin sama da 45 HRC tare da haɓaka yanayin zafi kusa-sifili ƙasa da 500°C. T800 na tushen maki suna kula da ƙarfin matsawa sama da 1,100 MPa a 600°C—mahimmanci ga bututun famfo na ƙasa wanda aka fallasa ga iskar gas mai tsami da yashi mai ƙyalli. Simintin ƙarfe tare da 3.2% chromium da 1.8% molybdenum sun yi tsayayya da galling mafi kyau fiye da baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka-amma kawai lokacin da aka bi da zafi zuwa 28-32 HRC da ƙare-ƙasa zuwa Ra ≤0.4 μm.
Ga abin da ke aiki-kuma me yasa:
- Cobalt-nickel (AMS 5387): Mafi kyawun kayan motsa jiki> 100 kN da yanayin zafi> 400°C. Yana riƙe da kwanciyar hankali a cikin ± 0.002 mm sama da hawan keke 10,000.
- T800 cobalt gami: Mafi kyawu don musaya maras lubricate ko a gefe. Adadin juzu'i yana zama ƙasa da 0.28 ko da bayan sa'o'i 500 na bushewa.
- Chromium-molybdenum simintin ƙarfe: Ƙimar-tasiri don matsakaitan matsa lamba inda saurin saman ya tsaya ƙasa da 1.2 m / s kuma yanayin yanayi yana tsayawa ƙasa da 120 ° C.
Ana amfani da alloy na cobalt a cikin mahallin gearmotor mara nauyi? Overkill-da tsada. Amfani da simintin ƙarfe a cikin tushe na famfo na teku? Tabbataccen zaɓe a cikin watanni 18. Zaɓin kayan abu ba game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai bane. Yana da game da yanayin iyaka.
Zane & Manufacturing: Inda Madaidaicin Ya Zama Ayyuka
Cikakken sinadarai na alloy yana nufin komai ba tare da madaidaicin lissafi ba. Mu injin cobalt gami bushings a kan 5-axis CNC cibiyoyin da lu'u-lu'u-juya ciki bores-cimma roundness ≤0.003 mm da surface gama Ra 0.2 μm. Me yasa hakan ke da mahimmanci? Saboda yanayin waje na 0.008 mm yana ƙara matsananciyar lamba ta gida da 47% a babban matsayi. Wannan shine inda microcracks ke lalata.
Tsarin mu yana haɗa simintin gyare-gyare da injina da gangan. Don gidaje na famfo na silinda, muna jefa harsashi na waje a cikin ductile iron (ASTM A), sa'an nan kuma danna-daidai da injin cobalt alloy liner. Matsakaicin tsangwama yana damfara layin layin radially - ƙirƙira ginanniyar riga-kafi wanda ke magance damuwa mai ƙarfi na aiki. Babu adhesives. Babu raguwa da ya dace. Daidaitaccen ƙarfe kawai.
Kowane tsari yana fuskantar cikakkiyar ganowa: takaddun shaida na albarkatun ƙasa, rajistan ayyukan zafi, rahotannin CMM ta ASME Y14.5, da gwajin aiki na ƙarshe a ƙimar matsa lamba da sauri. Idan daji yana juyawa a 1,800 rpm a cikin shingen cibiyar winch, muna gwada shi a 2,200 rpm na mintuna 30 kafin jigilar kaya.
Lokacin da za a Ƙayyade Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru - Kuma Lokacin da Ba Don
Zaɓi gunkin alloy lokacin da ɗayan waɗannan ya shafi:
- Juyawar shaft ya wuce 0.025 mm ƙarƙashin matsakaicin nauyi
- Yanayin aiki yana jujjuyawa sama da 60°C yayin zagaye na yau da kullun
- Gudun saman saman ya wuce 1.5 m/s tare da mai ɗan lokaci
- Sashe yana buƙatar ASME B16.34 ko API 6A takaddun shaida
Kar a saka su don aikace-aikacen da ba su da yawa, masu ƙarancin kaya kamar pivots panel ko hannun bawul ɗin hannu. Tsaya tare da tagulla phosphor a can. Ajiye aikin alloy don inda yake da mahimmanci: matsa lamba bawul ɗin hawan keke sau 12 a cikin minti daya, tushen famfo mai goyan bayan ɗimbin jujjuyawar tan 8, ko ɓangarorin winch na bakin teku waɗanda ke jure lalata-fasa gishiri da ɗaukar nauyi.
QINGDAO QIANGSENYUAN TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. yana gina waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa-ba azaman abubuwan kasida ba, amma azaman musaya masu mahimmancin tsarin. Mun inganta GD&T callouts kafin yanke karfe. Muna zayyana kusurwoyi masu kama iska yayin yin jifa. Muna gwada kowane gami da bushewa a kan ainihin abin shaft ɗinku-ba ƙarfe na ƙarfe ba.
Sawa da rashin daidaituwa ba makawa ba ne. Alamun su ne na kayan da ba su dace ba, juriya da ba a kula da su ba, ko mu'amala mara inganci. Warware su a tushen-ba tare da jadawalin kulawa ba, amma tare da ingantattun hanyoyin warwarewa. Wannan shine yadda kuke motsawa daga sauyawa mai amsawa zuwa aikin da ake iya faɗi.
