Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'daidaitaccen simintin gyaran kafa', nan da nan sai su yi tunanin marasa aibi, sassa masu siffa da ke fitowa kai tsaye daga ƙirar. Wannan shine manufa ta tallace-tallace, amma gaskiyar da ke kan kanti shine ci gaba da tattaunawa tsakanin halayen kayan aiki, lissafi, da farashi. Kalmar da kanta ta ƙunshi hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma ramin masana'antu na gama gari yana ɗaukar su azaman masu musanyawa. Na ga ayyukan sun lalace saboda wani ya ayyana cikakken 'daidaitaccen simintin' ba tare da fahimtar ko da gaske suna buƙatar amincin girman girman zuba jari don injin turbine ko kuma idan an aiwatar da shi da kyau harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa zai iya ɗaukar hadadden mahalli na famfo a ɗan ƙaramin lokacin jagorar da farashi. Madaidaicin ba kawai a cikin sunan ba; yana cikin sarrafa tsari a kowane mataki, daga tsarin kakin zuma na farko zuwa maganin zafi na ƙarshe.
Babban Rarraba: Zuba Jari vs. Shell Mold
Bari mu sami takamaiman. A cikin kwarewata, zabi tsakanin waɗannan biyu shine babban cokali mai yatsa na farko a hanya. Zuba jari, da asarar-kakin zuma tsari, shi ne tafi-zuwa ga matsananci hadaddun da surface gama. Yi la'akari da abubuwan haɗin sararin samaniya tare da tashoshi masu sanyaya na ciki waɗanda ba za su iya yin na'ura ba. Amma ga abin kamawa: kowane tsarin kakin zuma ana hadaya. Don ƙananan nau'i na manyan sassa, ƙimar ƙirar kawai na iya zama haramun. Na tuna da wani samfurin gudu don jikin bawul na ruwa inda abokin ciniki ya gigice a zancen kayan aikin kakin zuma. Dole ne mu bi su ta hanyar lissafi — ya yi ma'ana ne kawai don ƙididdige ƙimar su.
A daya bangaren kuma, harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa yana amfani da tsarin sake amfani da shi, yawanci karfe. Madaidaicin yana ƙasa da saka hannun jari, amma don aikace-aikacen masana'antu da yawa, ya fi isa. Babban fa'ida shine ƙimar. Kuna iya samar da ɗaruruwan ƙira a rana da zarar an ɗora ƙirar akan faranti. Na yi aiki tare da shaguna kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) akan irin waɗannan ayyukan. Tare da shekaru 30 da suka yi a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da injina, sun ƙware fasahar tura jurewar harsashi, galibi suna samun kusan siffa-tsari don sassa kamar manifolds na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, wanda ke tafiya kai tsaye zuwa gaɓar CNC ɗin su don ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarewa. Wannan haɗin kai ne ya haifar da bambanci.
Zaɓin kayan yana ƙara dagula shawarar. Zuba jari yana sarrafa waɗancan superalloys masu banƙyama - tushen nickel, tushen cobalt - mafi kyau saboda harsashin yumbu na iya jure yanayin zafi mai girma kuma ƙirar ba ta gabatar da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da yashi. Don sashin sarrafa abinci na bakin karfe, harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa tare da yashi mai rufaffiyar guduro zai iya zama daidai tsafta. Na koyi wannan ta hanyar gazawa: mun taɓa ƙoƙarin jefa ɓangaren bakin karfe 17-4 PH ta amfani da tsarin harsashi wanda aka inganta don ƙarfe carbon. Gating ɗin ba daidai ba ne don yawan ruwa, kuma mun ƙare da rashin fahimta. Dole ne a canza zuwa saka hannun jari don wannan gami don samun daidai.
Iblis yana cikin Cikakkun Abubuwan Gabatarwa
Anan ne ake samun 'madaidaicin' da gaske, tun kafin a zubar da ƙarfe. Yana farawa da tsari. Don saka hannun jari, sigogin allurar kakin zuma-zazzabi, matsa lamba, lokacin sake zagayowar—yana nuna kwanciyar hankali na ƙarshe. Alamar nutsewa kadan akan kakin zuma ya zama babban batun kaurin bango a cikin karfe. Muna ciyar da kwanaki don cancantar sabon ƙirar kakin zuma, muna auna labaran farko tare da CMMs, ba kawai calipers ba.
Don gyare-gyaren harsashi, tsarin ƙirar harsashi ne da tsarin ginin harsashi. Tsarin da bai isa ba zai iya fitowa daga harsashi, amma yana yayyage fuskar yashi, yana kaiwa ga wani wuri mai tsauri. Yawan dips na sutura da aikace-aikacen stucco yana ƙayyade kauri da ƙarfi. Ya yi bakin ciki sosai, kuma kuna haɗarin fashewa (raguwa, gazawar haɗari); ya yi kauri sosai, kuma kuna rasa ƙarfi, yana haifar da lahani na iskar gas. Ƙwarewar ƙwararrun ma'aikata sun san cewa harsashi yana shirye ta hanyar sautin da yake yi lokacin da aka taɓa shi.
Software na kwaikwaiyo abin godiya ne a yanzu, amma ba magana ba ce. Muna amfani da shi don tsinkayar wurare masu zafi da raguwa, amma har yanzu kuna buƙatar ingantawa tare da gwaji na zahiri. Ina tunawa da yin simintin cikawa don hadadden mahalli na aluminum. Software ya ce yana da kyau. Simintin farko na da sanyi rufe. Batun? Simintin ya yi amfani da madaidaitan ƙimar ruwa, amma takamaiman rukunin mu na gami yana da ɗan ƙaramin abun ciki na magnesium mafi girma, wanda ya canza danko. Mun daidaita yawan zafin jiki da zafin jiki na 15 ° C bisa ga hunch na ma'aikata, kuma ya yi aiki. Darasi: software yana ba da labari, amma ƙwarewar ɗan adam a cikin mahallin ƙayyadaddun ayyukan kayan aiki yakan gyara.
Kayayyakin Ba Zaɓaɓɓe Ba Ne
Ƙayyade bakin karfe ba shi da ma'ana. Shin muna magana 304 don juriya na lalata gabaɗaya, ko 316 don mahallin chloride? Ko 17-4 PH ne don taurin hazo? Kowannensu yana da halaye daban-daban yayin ƙarfafawa. Alloys na tushen nickel, kamar Inconel 718, dabba ne na nasu. Suna da saurin rarrabuwar kawuna kuma suna buƙatar ƙimar sanyaya da aka sarrafa sosai bayan yin simintin. Shagon da ke faɗin cewa suna jefa superalloys bazai sami yanayin tanderu mai sarrafawa ba ko sanin yadda za a iya sadar da wani sashi tare da kayan aikin injin da ake buƙata.
Wannan shine inda iyawar cikakken sabis na abokin tarayya ke da mahimmanci. Kamfanin kamar QSY, wanda ya lissafa musamman gami kamar cobalt da nickel-tushen a cikin repertoire, ba kawai narka su. Suna nuna iko akan duk yanayin yanayin zafi. Na ziyarci wuraren da suka jefa kyawawan sassa na Inconel, kawai don su fashe yayin maganin maganin saboda yawan haɓakawa ya yi sauri. Mutuncin ɓangaren simintin gyare-gyare yana da kyau kawai kamar matakin maganin zafi na ƙarshe.
Don simintin ƙarfe da ƙarfe carbon, abubuwan damuwa suna canzawa zuwa ƙirar graphite da abun cikin pearlite. Al'adar rigakafin baƙin ƙarfe, ko aluminium na kashe ƙarfe, cikakkun bayanai ne na tsari na mintuna waɗanda ke da tasiri mai yawa akan iya aiki da ƙarfin ƙarshe. Ba za ku iya siyan karfen ku zuba ba; ana sarrafa sinadarai sosai a cikin ladle. Wannan shi ne mara kyan gani, ɓacin rai na daidaito wanda bai taɓa yin littafin ba.
Haɗin kai tare da CNC Machining: Haɗin da ba a Negotiable
Madaidaicin simintin gyare-gyare kaɗan ne da gaske 'siffar-tallafi' don kowane fasali. Akwai kusan ko da yaushe a datum fuska, m bore, ko a zaren tashar jiragen ruwa da ke bukatar machining. Haɗin kai tsakanin katafaren gini da kantin injin yana da mahimmanci. Idan ba'a tsara tsarin simintin ba tare da mashin ɗin a hankali, kuna haifar da mafarki mai ban tsoro.
Babban batu shine daidaitaccen wurin datum da isassun kayan aikin injina. Kyakkyawan tushen tushe zai samar da maƙasudin maƙasudin 'simintin gyare-gyare' ko pads. Babban, kamar haɗin gwiwar aiki, za su sami masu shirye-shiryen CNC ɗin su tuntuɓar lokacin ƙirar ƙira. Za su tabbatar da gating da tashi ba su tsoma baki tare da daidaitawa a cikin niƙa ba. Na ga simintin gyare-gyare mai kyau da aka mayar da mara amfani saboda kawai lebur saman don clamping shi ma wurin da wani m riser, barin wani tsaftataccen wuri ga vise.
Bugu da ƙari, ragowar damuwa daga aikin simintin gyaran kafa na iya yin ɓarna a lokacin aikin injiniya. Wani sashi na iya kasancewa cikin juriya a yanke na farko, sannan ya yi tagumi sosai a kan wucewa ta biyu yayin da aka sami sauƙin damuwa na ciki. Haɗe-haɗe mai bada sabis wanda ke yin duka simintin gyare-gyare da Injin CNC ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya, kamar yadda ƙirar QSY ta nuna, na iya sarrafa wannan. Za su iya yin aikin rage damuwa tsakanin roughing da gama wucewa, wani abu da ke da ƙalubale na dabaru da tattalin arziƙi idan sassan sun yi tafiya zuwa wani mai siyarwa.
Kasawa Shine Mafi kyawun Malamai
Ba kwa koyon daidaito daga labarun nasara. Kuna koya daga kwandon shara. A farkon aiki na, muna da gudu na tagulla na tagulla waɗanda ke ci gaba da nuna porosity a cikin cibiyar. Kyawawan filaye, amma gwajin ultrasonic ya gaza su. Mun zargi karfe, tanderu, da zubar da ruwa. Bayan makonni, wani tsohon mai ƙididdigewa ya lura da ɗan rashin daidaituwa a cikin kwafi na yumbu a cikin taron kakin zuma. Yana haifar da motsin da ba a iya fahimta a cikin ainihin lokacin ginin harsashi, yana haifar da ƙuntatawa a cikin kwararar ƙarfe wanda ya haifar da microshrinkage. Gyaran shine sake fasalin 0.5mm na jumlolin bugawa. Tarin juriya daga kakin zuma zuwa yumbu zuwa karfe ba shi da gafara.
Wani yanayin rashin nasara a cikin zuba jari shine 'veining' - layukan da ke kan simintin gyaran kafa. Yana faruwa ne sakamakon tsattsagewar harsashi yumbura. Hankali shine sanya harsashi yayi kauri. Mun gwada hakan. Ya sa jijiya ta yi muni saboda harsashi mai kauri yana haifar da damuwa mai zafi. Maganin shine a zahiri daidaita tsarin slurry don ƙara juriyar girgiza harsashi da kuma sarrafa zagayowar autoclave daidai gwargwado. Wani lokaci gyare-gyaren da ba daidai ba shine daidai.
Waɗannan abubuwan suna tsara hukuncin ƙwararru. Lokacin da na sake nazarin wani sabon sashi na zane a yanzu, idona yana tafiya kai tsaye zuwa ga kaurin bango, yuwuwar wuraren zafi, da yuwuwar tallafin ainihin. Yana da hanji da aka gina akan kuskuren baya. Wannan shine 'daidaicin' ba za ku iya saukewa daga littafin jagora ba; tarawa ne, wani lokaci mai raɗaɗi, gane ƙirar ido da aka yi.
Neman Gaba: Inda Madaidaicin Tabbacin Ke Faruwa
Makomar ba kawai game da ƙarin haƙuri ba ne - game da tsinkaya da kimiyyar abin duniya. Muna ganin ƙarin buƙatu don ƙididdige aikin yatsa. Kowane juzu'i na harsashi, kowane zafin gami, kowane siga na zuba da aka shiga kuma yana da alaƙa da sakamakon NDT na ƙarshe. Wannan bayanan zinari ne don sarrafa ingancin tsinkaya.
Haɓaka masana'anta kuma yana kan gaba. Yin amfani da masana'anta ƙari (bugu 3D) don ƙirƙirar yumbu mai yumbu kai tsaye ko murhu don simintin saka hannun jari yana ba da damar geometries waɗanda ba su yiwuwa tare da kayan aikin gargajiya. Wannan yana ɓata layi tsakanin simintin gyare-gyare da bugu. Kalubalen zai kasance cimma daidaiton ƙarfe iri ɗaya da ƙarewar saman kamar yadda aka zub da simintin gargajiya, amma yuwuwar gaɓoɓi ɗaya, sassa masu rikitarwa na ban mamaki.
Daga karshe, madaidaicin tafiyar matakai ci gaba da kasancewa tushen fasahar masana'anta ba don suna da walƙiya ba, amma saboda suna da tasiri sosai kuma masu tsada a girma. Haƙiƙanin fasaha ya ta'allaka ne cikin sanin wane nau'in bambance-bambancen tsari don amfani, yadda za'a bi da shi ta cikin mabambantan sa, da kuma yadda ake haɗa shi ba tare da wata matsala ba tare da ayyukan sakandare. Sana'a ce kamar ilimin kimiyya, wanda ya fi dacewa ga waɗanda suka share shekaru suna sauraron sautin harsashi da nazarin alamu a cikin ɗigon ruwa. Don zurfafa nutsewa cikin ƙayyadaddun iyawa daga tsari zuwa ɓangaren gamawa, fayil ɗin a ƙwararren da ya daɗe kamar haka. Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. zai iya ba da cikakken ra'ayi na yadda ake amfani da waɗannan ƙa'idodin a duk faɗin kayan daga simintin ƙarfe zuwa gami da nickel.
