Lokacin da mafi yawan mutane suka ji 'aluminum sand casting foundry', suna yin hoton asali, kusan tsari na zamani don yin sassauƙa, sassauƙa. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. Gaskiyar ta fi karkata; hanya ce ta tushe wacce, lokacin da aka aiwatar da ita da daidaito da fahimta, tana gasa a wuraren da ba za ku yi tsammani ba. Ba wai kawai zubar da ƙarfe ba ne a cikin rami mai yashi. Yana da game da sarrafa masu canji - abun da ke ciki na yashi, danshi, tsarin ɗaure, ƙirar gating, sarrafa ƙarfi-wanda ke raba simintin da za a iya amfani da shi daga ɓangaren juzu'i. Na ga ayyuka da yawa sun gaza saboda ƙirar an jefar da bangon bango zuwa wani tushe ba tare da la'akari da waɗannan mahimman abubuwan ba. Zaɓin kafuwar sau da yawa yakan kai ga fahimtar waɗannan cikakkun bayanai, ba kawai jerin kayan aikin su ba.
Tushen Tsarin: Duk Yana Cikin Yashi
Mu shiga ciki. A zahiri. 'Yashi' a cikin simintin yashi ba iri-iri na bayan gida ba ne. Cakuda ce da aka ƙera, yawanci silica, zircon, ko chromite, an ɗaure shi da yumbu (yashi kore) ko masu ɗaure sinadarai (kamar fure ko phenolic resin don babu gasa gasa). Bambancin dare da yini ne. Don aluminium, Ina karkata zuwa ga yashi mai haɗaɗɗiyar sinadarai don haɗaɗɗun geometries ko juriya mai ƙarfi. Koren yashi yana da sauri kuma mai rahusa don girma mai girma, mafi sauƙin sifofi, amma kuna kasuwanci akan ƙarewar ƙasa da kwanciyar hankali. Kwarewar ita ce zabar tsarin da ya dace don aikin. Ramin gama gari? Zaton duk yashi iri daya ne. Na sami sassan da suka fito tare da mugunyar jijiyar saman saboda yashin yashin zafin daɗaɗɗen yashi bai yi daidai ba don ƙirar ƙura ta aluminum gami. An ɗauki makonni na gwaji da kuskure tare da nau'ikan yashi daban-daban da ƙimar ɗaure don gyara shi.
Samar da tsari wani fasaha ne na dabara. Tsarin itace yana da kyau don samfuri ko gajeriyar gudu, amma ga duk wani abu mai dorewa, kuna buƙatar ƙirar ƙarfe ko tsarin epoxy. Daftarin kusurwa, ƙarewa, ba da izini don raguwa-kowane gami yana raguwa a wani ƙimar daban-duk an gina shi cikin wannan ƙirar. Kuskuren ƙididdiga na ƴan kashi akan raguwa na iya haifar da cikakken tsari daga ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Na tuna wani tsari na gidaje na famfo inda muka yi amfani da daidaitattun ƙa'idar shrinkage don A356 aluminum, amma ƙayyadaddun gyare-gyare da zubar da zafin jiki ya canza shi kawai don haifar da matsala mai dacewa tare da ɓangaren ma'auni. Dole ne mu daidaita tsarin, wanda darasi ne mai tsada da cin lokaci.
Sai gating da tashi. Wannan shine inda gwanintar kafuwar ya nuna da gaske. Kuna tsara tashoshi waɗanda ke ciyar da narkakkar aluminum a cikin kogon ƙura da tafkunan da ke ciyar da raguwa yayin da yake sanyi. Gating mara kyau yana haifar da tashin hankali, wanda ke haifar da haɗakar oxide da raunin rauni. Rashin isassun tashi yana haifar da raguwar porosity. Ba kawai ka'idar littafi ba; jin ci gaba ne daga kallon dubban simintin da aka yanke. Kyakkyawan injiniyan injiniya wani lokaci zai sanya ƙarami mai tashi inda software na simintin ba ta ba da wata matsala ba, dangane da hunch daga irin wannan aikin da ya gabata. Kuma sau da yawa suna daidai.
Inda Simintin Aluminum Yashi Daidai (Kuma Inda Bai Yi ba)
Wannan tsari ba don komai bane. Don girma mai girma, sirara-banga, sassa daban-daban kamar injin turbine, zaku duba zuba jari ko kuma ya mutu simintin. Amma don ƙananan juzu'i zuwa matsakaici, manyan sassa (tunanin tubalan injin, shari'o'in watsawa, manyan shingen tsarin gini), kuma inda sassauƙar ƙira ke da mahimmanci, simintin yashi yana da tsada-tsari. Kudin kayan aiki kadan ne na simintin simintin gyare-gyare. Ainihin tabo mai dadi shine don kashe-kashe, samfuri, da sassa masu nauyi. Na yi aiki a kan kayan aikin ruwa masu nauyi sama da kilogiram 200 waɗanda suka dace da aikin simintin yashi. Ƙoƙarin yin hakan a matsayin simintin gyare-gyaren mutuwa zai kasance mai tsadar gaske.
Koyaya, aikin bayan simintin gyare-gyare yana da mahimmanci. An aluminum yashi simintin gyaran kafa wanda kuma yana ba da injinan cikin gida babban fa'ida ne. Yana tabbatar da sun fahimci tsarin simintin gyare-gyare kuma za su iya tsara mashin ɗin datum da alawus daga farko. Wannan haɗaɗɗiyar hanya tana hana mafarki mai ban tsoro inda wani sashi ke yin jifa da kyau amma ba za a iya riƙe shi da kyau don aikin CNC ba, ko kuma inda mahimmin shimfidar hatimi ke ƙarewa a cikin wani yanki mara kyau na simintin. Yana da game da sarrafa tsari daga mold zuwa gama part.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa girman iyawar kamfani yana da mahimmanci. Dauki ƙarfi kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Tare da sama da shekaru 30 a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da injina, suna samun wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwa. Gidan yanar gizon su, tsingtaocnc.com, ya nuna suna gudanar da matakai da yawa. Yayin da suke lissafta harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa kuma zuba jari a matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙa'idodin yin gyare-gyare da ƙarfe suna fassara. Kamfanonin da ke fahimtar madaidaicin gyare-gyaren harsashi za su sami tsarin kula da yashi da kuma aiwatar da takaddun da ke amfana da aikin simintin yashi. Ayyukansu tare da gami na musamman kamar na tushen nickel kuma suna ba da shawarar ƙwarewar ƙarfe mai zurfi, wanda ke da ƙima yayin da ake hulɗa da hadadden alluran alumini kamar manyan siliki ko ma'auni na magnesium masu wahala don jefa ba tare da tsagewa mai zafi ba.
Iblis a cikin Cikakkun bayanai: Rashin ƙarfi, Ƙarshe, da Rarrabawar Duniya ta Gaskiya
Porosity shine yaƙi na har abada a cikin simintin aluminum. Yana iya zama porosity gas daga danshi a cikin yashi ko hydrogen a cikin narkewa, ko raguwar porosity daga rashin isasshen ciyarwa. Gidan da ya dace zai sami hanyoyin tsaftacewa (kamar rotary degassing tare da argon) da tsauraran matakan bushewar yashi. Amma wani lokacin, dole ne ku yarda da wani matakin. Makullin shine ayyana shi ta hanyar kwangila-ta amfani da ASTM ko makamantan ma'auni don dubawar rediyo-da kuma tabbatar da cewa ba a cikin yankuna masu mahimmanci ba. Na amince da yin simintin gyare-gyare tare da keɓantaccen ɓangarorin a wuraren da ba na tsari ba don adana lokacin aikin, amma ban taɓa kusa da rami mai zare ko hatimin matsa lamba ba.
Ƙarshen saman wani abin la'akari ne mai amfani. Fuskokin simintin gyare-gyare daga ƙera yashi suna da siffa mai siffa. Idan kana buƙatar ƙare mai laushi, yana buƙatar fashewa (harbe ko yashi) ko niƙa. Wannan yana ƙara farashi. Dole ne ƙira ta ƙayyade waɗanne saman 'as-simintin' da waɗanda aka 'na'ura'. Na ga zane-zane da ke kira ga 3.2 μm Ra maras tabbas akan simintin simintin gyare-gyare - ba zai yiwu ba. Share sadarwa anan yana adana babban takaici daga baya.
Kusan ana ba da maganin zafi don mafi yawan simintin yashi na aluminium kamar A356 ko A357. Ana yin shi don cimma yanayin da ake buƙata (T6 na kowa ne). Amma dangantakar kafuwar da mai kula da zafi yana da mahimmanci. Idan ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ne, murdiya na iya zama abin zargi. Shin ragowar danniya na simintin ne ko daidaitawa yayin maganin zafi? Haɗaɗɗen kayan aiki, ko aƙalla haɗin gwiwar da aka gudanar da shi, yana sauƙaƙa wannan. Manufar wani yanki ne mai tsayi, cikakken yanayin zafi wanda aka shirya don yin aiki na ƙarshe.
Harka a Batun: Koyo Daga Kusa-Bata
Bari in kwatanta wani labari na gaske, wanda ba a bayyana sunansa ba. Muna da bangaren chassis don abin hawa na musamman. Zane ya kasance mai sarƙaƙƙiya, tare da kaurin bango daban-daban da kuma sassa da dama. Mun tafi tare da mai daraja aluminum yashi simintin gyaran kafa. Samfurin farko ya wuce dubawar gani da girma. Amma yayin taron samfuri, kunnen kunne ya tsinke a lokacin da ake samun karfin tsiya. Binciken gazawar ya bayyana rufewar sanyi-katsewa inda kogunan ƙarfe biyu suka hadu amma ba su haɗa kai da kyau ba—daidai a tushen kunnuwa mai tsananin damuwa.
Tushen dalili? Zane-zanen gating ya cika wannan sashin na ƙirar na ƙarshe, kuma ƙarfe ya yi asarar zafi da yawa. Simintin farko na kafuwar ya nuna wata matsala mai yuwuwa, amma ana ganin yana da ƙarancin haɗari. Gyaran ba kawai ƙara ƙarin ƙarfe ba ne; yana sake fasalin gating ɗin don canza tsarin cikawa da daidaita yanayin zafi na ƙayyadadden tsari na gami. Ya jinkirta aikin da wata guda. Darasin ya kasance sau biyu: kar a taɓa yin watsi da ko da ƙananan gargaɗin simulation, kuma koyaushe ƙididdigewa da yin gwajin shigar ruwa ko gwajin hoto akan wuraren da ake fama da damuwa a cikin binciken labarin farko, koda kuwa ba ya cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Anan ne ake gwada al'adun warware matsala na kafuwar. Nagari ba sa samun kariya. Suna nutsewa, yanke simintin gyare-gyare, nazarin lahani, da ba da shawarar ingantacciyar mafita. Suna ɗaukar shi azaman ƙalubalen injiniyan haɗin gwiwa. Mugayen suna nuna yatsu a kan mai samar da gami ko zane. Gine-ginen da ke aiki a matsayin abokin tarayya ya cancanci nauyinsa a zinariya.
Neman Gaba: Niche yana da aminci
Tare da duk magana game da 3D bugu ga molds da kuma kai tsaye karfe bugu, shi ne aluminum yashi simintin gyaran kafa wanda bai gama aiki ba? Nisa daga gare ta. Don yawan samarwa fiye da ɗimbin yawa, har yanzu yana da ƙoshin tattalin arziki. Fasahar suna haɗuwa, kodayake. Na ga hanyoyin haɗin kai inda ake amfani da ginshiƙan yashi da aka buga na 3D don haɗaɗɗun wurare na ciki mara yuwuwa a cikin ƙirar yashi na gargajiya. Wannan yana buɗe sabbin ƴancin ƙira yayin da yake kiyaye yawancin tsarin farashi mai tsada.
Makomar tushe mai nasara tana cikin irin wannan daidaitawar. Haɗa fasahar gargajiya - jin yashi, ido don ƙarfafawa - tare da kwaikwaiyo na zamani, sa ido kan tsari, da ƙarin fasahohi kamar injinan CNC. Yana da game da bayar da jimlar bayani. Kamfanin da ya samo asali daga tushe mai tsabta zuwa masana'anta mai haɗaka, kamar QSY tare da shekarun da aka bayyana a cikin simintin gyaran kafa da machining, an saita shi don wannan. Sun fahimci cewa simintin gyare-gyare sau da yawa shine kawai mataki na farko na isar da kayan aiki.
Don haka, lokacin da kuke kimantawa aluminum yashi simintin gyaran kafa, duba fiye da farashin kowace kilogram. Dubi shagon ƙirar su, ɗakin binciken yashi, ƙa'idodin sarrafa ingancin su don narkar da sinadarai da gwajin injina, da mahimmanci, shirye-shiryensu na yin aikin ƙira da wuri. Nemi nazarin shari'ar sassa masu ƙalubale. Mafi kyawun aikin ya fito ne daga masana'antun da suke ganin kansu ba a matsayin masu zuba jari ba, amma a matsayin abokan hulɗar masana'antu suna magance matsalar lissafi da kayan aiki. Wannan tunanin yana haifar da bambanci tsakanin ɓangaren da ke aiki da wanda ya ƙare a matsayin tarkace mai tsada.
