Lokacin da wani ya ce 'ɓangaren simintin ƙarfe', yawancin suna tunanin wani dunƙule mai nauyi, mara ƙarfi, baƙar fata. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. A gaskiya, da kyau yi simintin gyaran ƙarfe wani bangaren injiniya ne tare da ƙayyadaddun tsarin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin, wanda aka zaɓa ba kawai don ƙarancin farashi ba amma don ƙarfin damping ɗin sa, juriya, da i, simintin sa don hadaddun siffofi. Dabarar ba ita ce zabar amfani da baƙin ƙarfe ba; yana cikin sanin ko wane sa - baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka, baƙin ƙarfe ductile, baƙin ƙarfe mara nauyi - sannan kewaya ƙananan yanke shawara ɗari a cikin shagon kayyade da injin da ke raba yanki mai aiki daga babban aiki. Na ga zane-zane da yawa sun gaza saboda sun ayyana 'simintin ƙarfe' akan zanen kuma sun bar shi a hakan.
Me yasa Shell Molding shine Mai Canjin Wasan don Madaidaicin Castings
Yashi simintin gyare-gyare yana samun aikin, amma don maimaitawa da gamawa simintin gyaran ƙarfe batches, harsashi gyare-gyaren simintin gyaran kafa sau da yawa shi ne gwarzon da ba a waƙa ba. Yashi mai rufaffiyar guduro yana samar da sirara, madaidaicin harsashi a kusa da tsarin, yana ba ku ƙarin madaidaicin ƙura. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga ɓangarorin da ke buƙatar ƙarancin izinin injin. Muna magana ne game da adana sa'o'i akan CNC daga baya. A wurin aikinmu, jingina da nauyi akan gyare-gyaren harsashi don abubuwa kamar jikin bawul ɗin ruwa ko famfo gidaje a cikin baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka, daidaito daga yanki na farko zuwa na dubu shine abin da abokan ciniki ke biya. Yana rage ma'auni a cikin tsari mai saurin canzawa-nauyi.
The downside? Samfurin. Karfe ne, yawanci baƙin ƙarfe ko ƙarfe, kuma suna da tsada. Idan kuna yin samfuri ko yin gudu na guda hamsin, ƙimar ƙirar na iya kashe tattalin arzikin aikin. A nan ne dole ne ku yi kiran shari'a: ku ci kuɗin ƙirar don kwangilar dogon lokaci, ko ku jagoranci abokin ciniki zuwa wani tsari na daban na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ba koyaushe magana ce mai sauƙi ba.
Na tuna wani aiki don ma'aunin kwampreta, mai rikitarwa simintin gyaran ƙarfe tare da wasu haƙarƙari na ciki. Samfurin farko na koren yashi yana da al'amurran da suka shafi canzawa - ginshiƙan sun motsa kaɗan, suna zubar da ramuka masu mahimmanci. Mun canza zuwa gyare-gyaren harsashi don aikin samarwa. Farashin tsarin ya yi tsada, amma kawar da sake yin aikin bayan-jini da gogewa fiye da tabbatar da shi. Abokin ciniki ya sami sashin da ke kulle kai tsaye kowane lokaci. Wannan shine boyayyen kimar.
Rawar Machining: Inda Ka'idar ta Haɗu da Kayan Aikin Yanke
Yin wasan kwaikwayo rabin labari ne kawai. Danyen simintin simintin gyare-gyaren siffa ce ta kusa. Sihiri (da farashi) yana faruwa a cikin injina. Juna injinan ƙarfe da kyau-idan kuna mutunta shi. Tsarin graphite ɗin sa yana aiki azaman mai mai, amma wannan graphite ɗin yana sa shi abrasive. Kuna shiga cikin abubuwan da aka saka da sauri fiye da karfe. Makullin shine rigidity. Duk wani zance akan a simintin gyaran ƙarfe zai farfashe yankan gefen, ba sa shi.
Muna gudanar da yawancin Okuma da DMG MORI CNCs a nan, kuma ga ƙarfe, muna ba da fifikon kwanciyar hankali na inji akan saurin kai tsaye. Coolant dabarun wani abu ne. Wasu shagunan sun rantse da busasshen mashin ɗin ƙarfe mai launin toka; wasu suna amfani da hazo. Yawanci muna amfani da babban abin sanyaya ambaliya, ba wai don sanyaya yanke ba (kwakwalwan na ɗauke da mafi yawan zafi), amma don sarrafa ƙura. Kurar simintin ƙarfe abu ne mai banƙyama, kuma ajiye shi a cikin tsarin tacewa ba abin tattaunawa ba ne don amincin kanti da tsayin injin.
Sannan akwai rage damuwa. Ko rashinsa. Rikici gama gari shine kera sashe daidai bayan simintin. Matsalolin ciki daga sanyaya za su sauke kansu a ƙarshe, suna warping na kayan aikin ku da kyau. Don ma'auni mai mahimmanci, ko dai mu yi amfani da tsofaffin simintin gyare-gyare-hannun da ke zaune tsawon watanni-ko kuma mu aika da su ta hanyar sake zagayowar damuwa na zafi kafin aikin injin ya wuce. Yana ƙara lokaci, amma shine bambanci tsakanin ɓangaren da ya dace da ɓangaren da aka ƙi a QC na abokin ciniki.
Zaɓin Abu: Ba Ƙarfe Ba Ne Kawai
Ƙayyadaddun kayan shine inda ake fassara manufar injiniyan. Ƙarfe mai launin toka (kamar Class 35 ko 40) yana da kyau don damping vibration - tunanin tubalan injin ko tushen kayan aikin injin. Amma yana da karye. Iron ductile, tare da graphite nodular, yana da ƙarfin ɗaure da wasu ductility. Yana don sassan da ke ganin nauyin girgiza, kamar gears ko abubuwan dakatarwa mai nauyi. Ɗaukar da ba daidai ba kuskuren ƙira ne mai bala'i.
Mun yi aiki tare da abokin ciniki sau ɗaya wanda ya tsara ɓangaren kayan aikin noma mai tasiri mai tasiri kuma ya ƙayyade ma'aunin ƙarfe na launin toka na gama gari. Gwajin filin na farko ya haifar da karaya mai tsanani. Dole ne mu koma baya, mu bincika yanayin gazawar, kuma mu ba da shawarar canzawa zuwa ƙarfe mai ƙura (65-45-12 grade). Farashin ɓangaren ya haura watakila 15%, amma rayuwar filin ta ƙaru da kashi goma. Darasi? Mafi arha simintin gyaran ƙarfe shine wanda baya kasawa a hidima.
Sannan akwai alloli. Wani lokaci kuna buƙatar tushen ƙarfe amma tare da ƙarin zafi ko juriya na lalata. A nan ne allurai na musamman irin su Ni-Resist ko SiMo ductile iron ke shigowa. Dabbobi daban-daban ne don jefawa da injin, tare da raguwar ƙimar da za ta yaudare ku idan kun saba da daidaitattun maki. Yana da niche aiki, amma ga wasu bawul da turbocharger gidaje, shi ne kawai abin da ke aiki.
Zuba Jari don Iron? Aikace-aikacen Niche
Yawancin mutane suna danganta simintin saka hannun jari-tsarin ɓataccen kakin zuma-tare da bakin karfe ko superalloys. Amfani da shi don simintin gyaran ƙarfe samarwa yana da wuya, amma yana da wurinsa. Babban fa'ida shine rikitarwa na geometric da ƙarewar saman wanda ko ƙirar harsashi ba zai iya taɓawa ba. Ka yi la'akari da ƙaramin abu mai rikitarwa tare da sassa na ciki wanda ba zai yiwu a haɗa shi da yashi ba.
Abin kamawa shine zafin jiki. Iron yana zubowa a zafin jiki mafi girma fiye da yawancin karafa da ake amfani da su wajen yin simintin saka hannun jari-a kusa da 1370°C da sama. Wato jahannama akan harsashi yumbu. Dole ne a kera harsashi daban-daban, sau da yawa tare da yadudduka na ajiya da na'urori na musamman don jure zafin zafin rana da hana shigar ƙarfe. Yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa na iya zama ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma farashin ya fi girma fiye da matakan tushen yashi.
Mun yi shi kaɗan na lokuta, yawanci don R&D ko ayyukan da ke kusa da sararin samaniya inda ƙayyadaddun ƙirar ƙira ta ƙaru. Ɗayan shine mahalli na firikwensin tare da haɗaɗɗen labyrinth sanyaya. Yin sarrafa shi daga m abu ne mai wuyar gaske, kuma sigar simintin yashi zai kasance da rashin karɓuwa a cikin sassan. Zuba jari shine kawai hanya. Ya yi aiki, amma tsari ne na daidaitawa akai-akai tare da mai siyar da harsashi. Ba don suma ba.
Gaskiyar Sarkar Kaya: Daga Kafa zuwa Gama Mai Kyau
Wannan shi ne bangaren da ba ku koyo a makaranta. Yin guda cikakke simintin gyaran ƙarfe a cikin yanayin sarrafawa abu ɗaya ne. Yin 10,000 daga cikinsu, akan jadawalin, tare da daidaiton inganci, jigilar kaya daga China zuwa wurin ajiya a Stuttgart ko Chicago, wata dabba ce gaba ɗaya. Yana game da sarrafa tsari, dabaru, da sadarwa.
Kamfanin kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ya yi aiki sama da shekaru talatin saboda sun fahimci wannan bututun. Ƙwarewa a cikin nau'ikan harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari, da samun mashin ɗin CNC na cikin gida, babban fa'ida ne. Yana haifar da rufaffiyar madauki na kula da inganci. Masu injinan na iya yin magana kai tsaye da ma'aikacin cibiyar idan sun ga daidaitaccen aibi a cikin simintin gyare-gyare, kuma ana iya daidaita tsarin cikin kwanaki, ba makonni ba. Lokacin da kuke mu'amala da kayan daga daidaitaccen simintin ƙarfe da ƙarfe zuwa gaɗaɗɗen tushen nickel, wannan haɗin kai tsaye ba kayan alatu bane; wajibi ne don amintacce.
Babban gazawar da na gani ba na fasaha ba ne; sun kasance kayan aiki. Kyakykyawan bangare makale a cikin kwastan saboda rashin cikakkun takardu, ko takardar shaidar maganin zafi da ta ɓace a cikin fassarar. Yanzu, muna bi da takarda tare da irin wannan ƙarfi kamar juriya na machining. Takaddun shaida na daidaito, rahoton gwajin kayan, fakitin binciken labarin farko-sune ɓangare na abubuwan da ake iya bayarwa. Ba a ƙare wani sashi har sai akwatin da takaddun sun sauka akan tashar jirgin ruwa.
Don haka, lokacin da kake samo a simintin gyaran ƙarfe, ba kawai kuna siyan karfe ba. Kuna siye cikin tsari, jerin hukunce-hukunce da gyare-gyare, daga masanan ƙarfe suna zaɓar cakuɗen caji zuwa mai shirye-shiryen CNC waɗanda ke zaɓar ƙimar ciyarwa. Bangaren da yake da sauƙi kusan ba shi da sauƙi. Kuma abin da ke sa samun daidai yake da gamsarwa.
