Lokacin da kuka ce 'simintin simintin yashin ƙarfe', yawancin mutane suna ɗaukar ɗanyen, toshe mai nauyi kai tsaye daga masana'anta na ƙarni na 19. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. A hakikanin gaskiya, tsari ne na yaudara na yaudara wanda ke daidaita tattalin arziki, kimiyyar abin duniya, da fa'ida sosai kamar ba komai ba. Yana da kashin baya ga masana'antu marasa ƙima, ba saboda shine 'mafi kyau' a cikin ma'anar lab ba, amma saboda sau da yawa ya fi dacewa ga aikin. Dabarar ba kawai sanin yadda ake zuba ƙarfe a cikin yashi ba; sanin lokacin da za a yi amfani da shi a kan wasu hanyoyin kamar gyare-gyaren harsashi ko zuba jari, da kuma yadda za a gudanar da abubuwan da ke tattare da shi - raguwa, daftarin kusurwoyi, ƙirar gating wanda zai iya yin ko karya mutuncin sashe. Na ga ƙira da yawa sun gaza saboda wani ya ɗauke shi azaman sauƙi mai sauƙi don maye gurbin ƙarfe na ƙirƙira.
Yashi Kansa Ba Datti Ne Kawai ba
Bari mu fara da tushe: yashi. Yashi koren, yashi mai gasa ba-gasa-zaɓin nan yana nufin komai. Don babban girma, in mun gwada da sauki jefa baƙin ƙarfe yashi simintin gyaran kafa sassa, koren yashi (haɗin yashi na silica, yumbu, da ruwa) shine tafi-zuwa. Yana da arha kuma ana iya sake amfani da shi, amma abun cikin damshin yaƙi ne akai-akai. Ya bushe sosai, kuma ƙirar ta rasa ƙarfi; jika sosai, kuma kuna samun fashewar tururi a lokacin zubar, yana barin lahani na iskar gas kawai a ƙarƙashin saman simintin. Na tuna rukunin gidajen famfo inda muka sami kururuwar bugu a sama. Ya ɗauke mu yini ɗaya don gano shi zuwa wani zafi mai zafi a cikin ma'ajiyar ajiya wanda ya canza haɗin yashi. Yana da cewa finicky.
Don ƙarin hadaddun geometries ko ingantacciyar daidaiton girma, muna matsawa zuwa tsarin gasa ba tare da gasa ba, kamar furotin ko urethane phenolic. Ana hada yashi da resin ruwa da kuma mai kara kuzari, kuma yana warkarwa sosai. Ƙarshen yana da kyau, kuma zaka iya cimma ganuwar bakin ciki. Amma farashin ya yi tsalle, kuma gyaran yashi ya zama mafi mahimmanci - ba za ku iya jefa shi kawai a cikin muller ba. A wuri kamar Fasahar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), inda suke rike da komai daga harsashi mold zuwa zuba jari simintin gyare-gyare, yanke shawara a kan abin da yashi tsari don amfani da wani jefa baƙin ƙarfe Aiki ya sauko zuwa ƙididdige ƙididdigewa: ƙayyadaddun sashi, yawa, buƙatun kammala saman, da izinin injina. Ba ta atomatik ba.
Kayan aikin ƙirar wani farashi ne mai ɓoye. Don koren yashi, galibi kuna ma'amala da tsarin farantin karfe, aluminum ko baƙin ƙarfe, waɗanda suke da tsadar kayan aiki. Don gajerun gudu ko samfuri, mun yi amfani da ƙirar polystyrene (hanyar kumfa da ta ɓace) kai tsaye a cikin yashi mara ɗaure. Yana aiki, amma sarrafa karbo carbon da guje wa lahani kamar yadda kumfa ta vaporizes fasaha ce a kanta. Kuna samun sashe mai kyau, amma ƙarfe ba daidai ba ne kamar tare da tsayayyen tsari na gargajiya.
Zuba Ƙarfe: Ba Akan Zazzabi kawai ba
Ƙarfin launin toka, baƙin ƙarfe ductile - zaɓin gami yana da mahimmanci. Ƙarfe mai launin toka, tare da flakes ɗin sa na graphite, yana da wannan babban ƙarfin damping da machinability. Ƙarfin ƙwanƙwasa, tare da graphite ɗin sa na nodular, yana kawo ƙarfin ƙarfi da wasu ductility. Ayyukan zubowa suna canzawa ga kowane. Don baƙin ƙarfe ductile, dole ne ku sarrafa fade magnesium idan kuna amfani da ladle ɗin da aka kula da ku; Tasirin nodularizing yana raguwa da lokaci, don haka akwai tagar mai tsauri tsakanin jiyya da zuba. Rasa shi, kuma microstructure ya koma baya, yana kashe kayan aikin injiniya.
Matsalolin da ake zubawa matsala ce ta Zinariya. Yayi zafi sosai, kuma kuna ƙara haɓakar ƙazanta da haɗarin lalata bangon ƙira, musamman a cikin sassan bakin ciki. Yayi sanyi sosai, kuma kuna samun mistruns, sanyi yana rufewa, da ƙarancin ruwa don cika ƙura. Don ƙarfe mai launin toka na Class 35, muna nufin kusan 1370°C zuwa 1400°C, amma wannan shine farkon farawa. Kaurin ɓangaren ɓangaren da kansa yana ba da madaidaicin zafin jiki. Maɗaukaki mai kauri, madaidaicin sashi na iya ɗaukar ɗan ƙaramin zafi; hadaddun, babban katanga mai sirara yana buƙatar kowane ɗan ruwa mai ƙarfi da zafi yana samarwa. Na koyi wannan hanya mai wuya akan jikin bawul ɗin ruwa. Mun yi amfani da ma'aunin zafin jiki don kayan, amma ɓangaren yana da hanyar sadarwa na ƙananan sassa na ciki. An ƙare tare da kyakyawan simintin gyare-gyaren da ya kai kusan kashi 80 cikin ɗari-sauran jerin rufewar sanyi ne mai ban takaici wanda ya sa ya bushe.
Tashi da ciyarwa shine inda ainihin gwaninta ke nunawa. Iron yana da ƙarancin raguwa fiye da ƙarfe, amma har yanzu yana buƙatar ciyar da shi yayin da yake ƙarfafawa. Sanya masu tashi ba daidai ba yana haifar da raguwar kogo a wuraren da ke ɗaukar kaya masu mahimmanci. Chilling wani kayan aiki ne - sanya baƙin ƙarfe ko tagulla cikin dabara a cikin ƙirar don tilasta ƙarfafawar kwatance daga jefar da baya cikin mai tashi. Yana da wuyar warwarewa ta thermal 3D da kuke warwarewa tare da gogewa kuma wani lokacin, software na kwaikwayo. Kamfanoni masu zurfin gogewa, kamar QSY tare da shekarun su uku a ciki yin simintin gyaran kafa da injina, sun gina wannan fahimta a cikin dubban ayyuka, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa za su iya dogara da samar da sauti, matsa lamba don aikace-aikacen famfo da bawul.
Layin Ƙarshe: Tsaftacewa, Injin Injiniya, da Tabbatar da Gaskiya
Shakeout aiki ne na zalunci. Fitar da simintin ya fito daga cikin yashi mai zafi, tare da ƙofofi, masu tashi, da ɓawon yashi na konewa. Nika abin da ya wuce gona da iri shine mataki na farko. Sa'an nan kuma harbi fashewa don tsaftace saman. A nan ne ɓoyayyun lahani sukan bayyana kansu: busa daga ƙasa daga yashi, fashewa daga sanyi mai sauri. Duban gani shine farkon farawa.
Wannan shine inda haɗin kai tare da machining ya zama mahimmanci. A tushe wanda kuma rike Injin CNC, kamar sabis ɗin da aka zayyana akan rukunin yanar gizon QSY, yana da fa'ida babba. Suna tsara simintin gyare-gyare tare da tsarin injina a zuciya. Wannan yana nufin ƙara daidaiton izinin hannun jari (ba da yawa, ba kaɗan ba), ƙirƙira saman datum a cikin simintin gyarawa, da fahimtar yadda za a gudanar da ɓangaren a cikin chuck ko vise. Na ga simintin gyare-gyaren da suka yi kama da kamala amma ba za a iya yin su ba saboda matsananciyar wahala tana cikin wuri mai wahala daga saurin sanyaya, yana lalata ɗimbin rawar carbide guda uku kafin mu daina.
Hujja ta ƙarshe galibi tana cikin gwaji mara lalacewa. Don abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci, za mu yi binciken shigar rini don fashewar saman ko gwajin matsa lamba. Ainihin gamsuwa shine ganin danyen yashi simintin gyare-gyare—wannan abu mai kaushi, baƙar fata—yana canzawa zuwa madaidaicin kayan aiki, samansa masu santsi, zaren sa mai tsabta, shirye don toshewa cikin toshe injin ko na'urar kwampreso. Wannan shine cikakken zagayowar, kuma shine dalilin da ya sa ba za a iya rabuwa da simintin gyare-gyare daga ayyukan da ke ƙasa ba.
Lokacin Yin Yashi Ba Amsar ba
Da duk wannan magana jefa baƙin ƙarfe yashi simintin gyaran kafa, yana da mahimmanci a san iyakarsa. Lokacin da kuke buƙatar bangon bakin ciki (ƙasa da 3mm), ƙayyadaddun saman ƙarewa kai tsaye daga cikin ƙirar, ko siffa-kusa-tsari don ƙaƙƙarfan, gami da tsada, sauran hanyoyin nasara. A nan ne sauran ƙwararrun QSY, simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari, suka shigo cikin wasa. Yin gyare-gyaren harsashi yana amfani da yashi mai rufaffiyar resin don ƙirƙirar ɗan ƙaramin harsashi mai ƙarfi, yana ba da ingantaccen daidaito da gamawa fiye da koren yashi. Simintin saka hannun jari, hanyar kakin zuma da aka rasa, shine ga mafi hadaddun sassa, daki-daki.
Don ma'auni jefa baƙin ƙarfe Gidajen akwatin gearbox, shugaban injin silinda, ko firam mai nauyi mai nauyi, simintin yashi kusan koyaushe shine zaɓi mafi inganci da inganci. Ana iya sarrafa kayan aiki, kayan kayan aiki suna da kyau don aikace-aikacen, kuma an tabbatar da ƙaddamarwa. Amma idan wani ya kawo mani ƙira don ƙayyadaddun mahalli na firikwensin ƙarfe na ƙarfe tare da ɗakunan ajiya na ciki da na waje na kwaskwarima, Ina yiwuwa in tura su zuwa harsashi ko ma tattaunawa idan karfe jefa zuba jari zai iya zama mafi dacewa duk da farashi. Zaɓin kayan - ƙarfe vs. karfe vs. a musamman gami- intertwines tare da zabin tsari.
Wannan cikakken ra'ayi ne ke raba mai siyar da sassa daga abokin haɗin gwiwar masana'anta. Manufar ba shine a sayar da simintin gyare-gyare ba; shi ne don isar da sashi mai aiki, abin dogaro, da tattalin arziki. Wani lokaci wannan hanyar tana kaiwa kai tsaye ta hanyar ƙera yashi da aka ƙera, wani lokacin kuma yana ɗaukar karkarwa. Gane bambanci daga zane na farko shine shekarun da suka gabata a cikin wannan kasuwancin, kamar tarihin da ke bayan kamfani kamar fasahar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan, a ƙarshe ya koya muku. Yana da ƙasa game da tilasta mafita da ƙari game da dacewa da tsari ga matsalar.
Juyin Halittar Gaibu
Tsarin bai tsaya cak ba. Software na kwaikwaiyo don ƙarfafawa da bincike na damuwa yana ƙara samun dama, yana barin mu kusan gwada wuri mai tashi da tsinkayar wuraren zafi kafin yanke ƙarfe don tsari. 3D bugu na gyaggyaran yashi shine mai canza wasa don samfura da rikitattun sassa guda-guda, yana kawar da tsadar ƙirar gaba ɗaya. Mahimman ka'idodin ƙarfe da canja wurin zafi sun kasance, amma kayan aikin sarrafa su suna ƙaruwa.
Duk da haka, ga duk fasaha, har yanzu yana zuwa ga gwanintar ƙungiyar kafa. Karanta karaya na mashaya gwajin don yin hukunci akan tsarin graphite, sanin ainihin sautin motsin injin nika lokacin da ya sami rami mai raguwa, fahimtar yadda ɗan tweak ɗin daidai da carbon zai iya shafar machinability akan CNC kasa daga baya. Wannan ilimin tacit shine ainihin kadari.
Don haka, lokacin da kuka kalli a jefa baƙin ƙarfe yashi simintin gyaran kafa, kada ka ga dunƙule na ƙarfe kawai. Dubi jerin sasantawa da gangan da yanke shawara na ƙwararru-daga zaɓin yashi da ƙirar gating zuwa zub da aiki da aikin injina. Shaida ce ga aikin injiniya mai amfani, tsari wanda ke da yawa game da masu canji masu sarrafawa kamar yadda yake game da sarrafa abubuwan da suka dace. Kuma a cikin masana'antar da ke ci gaba da neman mafita ta fasaha ta gaba, kasancewarta mai ɗorewa abin tunatarwa ne mai shuru cewa ƙarfi da ƙimar farashi ba sa fita daga salo.
