Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'daidaitaccen simintin simintin gyaran kafa', suna ɗaukar hoto cikakke, ɓangaren haske yana isa cikin akwati, daidai da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Gaskiyar ita ce mafi muni, mafi yawan maimaitawa, kuma a gaskiya, inda ainihin aikin ke faruwa. Ba kawai game da yin ƙira daga ƙirar 3D ba; tattaunawa ce tsakanin tsara niyya da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, tsari ne da ake samun 'daidaici' ta hanyar sasantawa da zurfin ilimin abin duniya, ba wai kawai an tsara shi cikin na'ura ba.
Wasan Shell: Fiye da Yashi Kawai
Bari muyi magana game da simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi, ɗayan mahimman hanyoyin mu a QSY. Kalmar da kanta ba ta da ma'ana ga mutanen waje - ba batun zama mai rauni ba ne. Yana da game da gina wannan yumbu harsashi ta Layer, wani tsari da ke jin kusan mai sana'a. Madaidaicin a nan yana cikin slurry danko, girman hatsin stucco, yanayin bushewa. Yi kuskure ɗaya, kuma an harbi kwanciyar hankalin ku. Mun ga ƙira tare da kyawawa, bangon bakin ciki waɗanda ba za su iya jure zafin zafin rana ba yayin zubowa, wanda ke haifar da tsagewa ko cikawa. Wannan shine farkon cikas na gyare-gyare: daidaita ƙira don ƙira ba tare da lalata aikin sa ba. Wani lokaci wannan yana nufin ƙara daftarin da hankali, ko yin shawarwari wani yanki mai kauri kaɗan. Cikakken samfurin CAD na abokin ciniki sau da yawa yana saduwa da bincikensa na farko a nan.
Na tuna wani aiki na famfo gidaje a duplex bakin karfe. Abokin ciniki yana son hadaddun tashoshi na ciki. Tsarin gyare-gyaren harsashi zai iya ɗaukar daki-daki, amma ƙalubalen ita ce gami da kanta - ƙirar ƙulla ƙaƙƙarfan tsarinsa yana da wahala. Dole ne mu bi ta hanyar gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare guda uku na riser da ƙirar gating, a zahiri yanke buɗaɗɗen simintin gyare-gyare don ganin yadda ƙarfen ke gudana da raguwa. Tsarin gating na ƙarshe bai yi kama da sigar littafin karatu ba. Wannan daidaici ne na musamman: tsarin an keɓance shi da takamaiman lissafi da takamaiman kayan aiki. Ba za ku iya raba biyun ba.
Wannan yana haifar da ramuka gama gari: juriya mai ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙima. Injiniyoyin suna son rufe zane tare da jurewar ISO 2768-mK. Amma a kan manyan ko hadaddun sassa na harsashi, riƙe da ± 0.5mm haƙuri a kan tazarar 500mm dabba ce daban fiye da kan ƙaramin sashi. Sau da yawa dole mu tura baya, muna bayanin inda bambance-bambancen yanayi zai faru saboda haɓakar ƙira ko ƙanƙancewa, da kuma inda za mu iya riƙe madaidaicin daidaito ta hanyar sarrafawa. Yana da game da amfani da madaidaicin inda aka ƙidaya, ba ko'ina ba.
Simintin Zuba Jari: Dalla-dalla Iblis
Yanzu, simintin saka hannun jari (ɓataccen kakin zuma) shine inda zaku je don abubuwan da ke da rikitarwa na gaske-tunanin ruwan injin turbine, kayan aikin tiyata. Allurar ƙirar kakin zuma ita ce fasaharta mai duhu. Matsa lamba, zazzabi, da sanyaya adadin suna ƙayyade girman kakin zuma na ƙarshe, wanda ke fassara kai tsaye zuwa ɓangaren ƙarfe. Duk wani damuwa a cikin kakin zuma yana nunawa daga baya. Mun taɓa samun ɓangarori na sassan ruwa na ruwa inda tsarin kakin zuma ya yi kama da kamala, amma bayan cirewa, tsagewar gashi masu kyau sun bayyana a cikin harsashi. Mai laifi? Canji kadan a cikin yanayin zafi na bitar yayin taron kakin zuma, yana haifar da sanyaya daban. Wani kankanin yanayin muhalli ya ruguje gaba daya. Keɓancewa anan yana nufin sarrafa kowane maɓalli a cikin sarkar, galibi ana gina mahalli a cikin tsarin da ba ya cikin kowace jagorar.
Zaɓin kayan abu ya zama mafi mahimmanci. A kan rukunin yanar gizon mu, tsingtaocnc.com, mun lissafa aiki tare da kayan aiki na musamman kamar na tushen nickel. Waɗannan ba kawai maye gurbin ƙarfe ba ne. Zuba zafin jiki don superalloy na tushen nickel yana da girma sosai, wanda ke shafar halayen kayan harsashi-yana buƙatar haɓakawa mafi girma. Ƙunƙarar zafi na alloy bayan simintin simintin ma ya bambanta. Idan kun tsara kayan aikin don ɓangaren bakin karfe kuma ba zato ba tsammani canza zuwa gariyar cobalt ba tare da daidaita ma'aunin kakin da zai mutu ba don rama nau'in raguwa daban-daban, simintin 'daidaicin' ku zai zama girman kuskure. Ana gasa keɓancewa cikin ƙirar kayan aiki na farko, wanda aka sanar da alloy.
Bayan yin wasan kwaikwayo, tafiya ba ta ƙare ba. Tare da sassan simintin saka hannun jari, musamman don manyan aikace-aikace masu inganci, galibi kuna kallon HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) don rufe ƙananan ƙananan porosity na ciki. Wannan wani mataki ne da aka tattauna. Yana ƙara farashi da lokaci, amma ga sassan da ke fuskantar matsalolin gajiya, ba za a iya sasantawa ba. Yanke wannan tare da abokin ciniki wani bangare ne na kwararar tsari na al'ada.
CNC Machining: Abokin Mahimmanci
A nan ne samfurin cikakken sabis na Qingdao Qiangsenyuan ya ba da ma'ana. Ɗaukar madaidaicin simintin gyare-gyare kaɗan ne aka shirya don amfani. Yawancin suna da filaye masu mahimmanci, fuskokin mating, ko ramukan zaren da ke buƙatar injina. Haɗin kai yana da mahimmanci. Ƙungiyar mashin ɗinmu ta san yadda ƙungiyar mu ta kafa ke aiki. Sun san inda za su sa ran layin rabuwa, yuwuwar ɗan murdiya, ko kuma inda aka samar da ƙarin haja. Wannan hannun jarin na ciki wani babban sashi ne na isar da ainihin ainihin sashi na ƙarshe.
Mun kera jerin jikunan bawul a cikin simintin ƙarfe kwanan nan. Filayen simintin gyare-gyare sun yi kyau, amma tsarin rami na bakin flange da saman rufewa suna buƙatar cikakken ɗaki da daidaiton matsayi. Saboda mun yi duka biyun, za mu iya ƙirƙira simintin gyare-gyare tare da haɗaɗɗun machining datums—kananan pads da aka jefa musamman don injin CNC don matsawa da tunani daga. Wannan nau'i ne mai dabara amma mai ƙarfi na gyare-gyare. Ba wai kawai yin bangare ba ne; Yana zana dukan tafiya daga narkakkar karfe zuwa gama mai kyau. Shagon inji na waje ba zai sami wannan fahimtar ba, mai yuwuwar haifar da daidaita matsalolin da guntuwa.
Zaɓin sigogin injin ma ya dogara da yanayin simintin simintin. Bakin karfe 17-4PH mai tauri za a yanke shi daban da ɗaya a cikin 316L. Shekaru 30 ɗin mu a cikin duka simintin gyare-gyare da injina yana nufin mun gina ɗakin karatu na waɗannan sigogi, wanda shine wani nau'in 'daidaici' wanda ba za a iya taɓa shi ba—daidaicin ilimin tsari.
Abubuwan Nuances: Inda Ka'idar ta Haɗu da Kofin Zuba
Da yake magana game da kayan, jeri akan gabatarwarmu-simintin ƙarfe, ƙarfe, bakin karfe, gami na musamman—ba menu kawai ba ne. Kowane iyali yana nuna hali kamar dabba daban. Ƙarfin launin toka yana gudana da kyau kuma yana gafartawa, amma yana da rauni. Iron ductile yana ƙara sauye-sauyen maganin magnesium. Bakin karfe, musamman jerin austenitic 300, suna da babban raguwa kuma suna da saurin yagewa idan tsaurin ƙura ba tabo ba.
Alloys na musamman, kamar na tushen nickel, suna cikin rukunin nasu. Suna sau da yawa don matsanancin yanayi: babban zafin jiki, babban lalata. Amma tagar simintin su kunkuntar ce. Dole ne narkewar ya kasance mai tsabta, saurin zubowa daidai, kuma ana sarrafa yanayin zafi don hana sanyin wuri. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya da wuri tare da alloy NiCrMo. Chemistry cikakke ne, amma gwaje-gwajen injina sun gaza. Batun ya watse a ko'ina. Maganin ba a cikin ladle na sunadarai; shi ne a pre-dumama da molds zuwa wani takamaiman profile don inganta shugabanci solidification. Wannan shine nau'in daidaitawar ƙayyadaddun tsari na kayan aiki wanda ke bayyana babban ƙarshen daidaitaccen simintin gyaran kafa.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ba za ku iya faɗi kawai daga jerin farashin tushen nauyi don waɗannan ayyukan ba. Ci gaban tsari yana daga cikin farashi. Sabuwar gami ko matsananciyar lissafi sau da yawa yana nufin gwajin zubowa, sashe, NDT, da gwajin injina kafin mu haskaka aikin samarwa. Wannan shine ainihin saka hannun jari a daidai.
Halin Dan Adam a Tsarin Dijital
Tare da duk wannan magana na tsari da kimiyyar abin duniya, abin da mutum yake da shi har yanzu ba zai iya maye gurbinsa ba. Software na kwaikwayo yana da kyau-muna amfani da shi-amma jagora ne. Kiran hukunci na ƙarshe akan ƙirar gating, ko fassarar radiyon X-ray don lahani na kan iyaka, ya fito ne daga gwaninta. Mai ƙirar ƙirar yana jin kakin zuma don damuwa, ma'aikacin tanderu yana yin hukunci akan meniscus na ƙarfe don yanayin zafin da ya dace ... waɗannan ƙwarewa ne marasa ƙima.
Ina tunanin wani ƙwararren ƙwararren da muke da shi, wanda ya kasance tare da QSY sama da shekaru ashirin. Zai iya duba launi na narkakkar karfe a cikin tanderun kuma ya gaya muku a cikin kewayon yanayin zafi, kuma mafi mahimmanci, idan yana da 'shuru' kuma yana shirye don zubawa. Wannan ilhami, wanda aka gina daga ganin dubban zubewa, yana hana tashin hankali da kamawar iskar gas wanda babu firikwensin da zai iya kiyayewa gabaɗaya. A cikin zamanin aiki da kai, wannan ilimin tacit shine babban abin keɓancewa ga kafa. Shine abin da ke mayar da daidaitaccen hanya zuwa a daidaitaccen simintin gyaran kafa mafita.
A ƙarshe, abin da kalmar ya kamata ke nufi ke nan. Ba daidaitaccen layin samfur ba ne. Haɗin kai ne, warware matsala wanda ke farawa da ra'ayi kuma ya ƙare da aiki, abin dogaro. Yana da yawa game da sarrafa tsammanin, sadarwa takurawa, da amfani da darussa masu wahala kamar yadda yake game da ƙarfe da lissafi. Madaidaicin yana cikin haɗin gwiwar kamar a cikin samfurin.
