Lokacin da kuka ji '' ductile iron inji sassa', abu na farko da ya tashi shine mai yiwuwa wanda aka saba da shi: ƙarfi mai kyau, wasu ductility, juriya mai kyau, mai tsada. Amma maganar ƙasidar ke nan. Inda ya zama na gaske, da kuma inda ayyuka da yawa suka taru, yana cikin fassarar daga waccan takardar bayanan zuwa ainihin ɓangaren kan shagon, ƙarƙashin kaya. Rata tsakanin ingantattun kaddarorin kayan aiki da gaskiyar simintin gyare-gyare, injina, da haɗakar kayan aikin shine inda ainihin aikin ke faruwa. Na ga zane-zane da yawa waɗanda ke kula da ƙarfe na ductile azaman sauƙi mai sauƙi don maye gurbin ƙarfe ko baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka, kawai don shiga cikin al'amurran da suka shafi machining chatter, yawan damuwa da ba zato ba tsammani a sassan bakin ciki, ko rashin daidaituwa a cikin tsari. Ba kayayyaki ba ne; abu ne mai saurin aiwatarwa.
Gidauniyar Casting: Duk Yana farawa a cikin Mold
Ba za ku iya magana game da abin dogara ba ductile baƙin ƙarfe inji sassa ba tare da fara shiga aikin simintin ba. Ana gasa kaddarorin injina a nan. Tsarin graphite na spheroidal - waɗancan nodules waɗanda ke ba shi ductility - yana da rauni yayin ƙarfafawa. Yawan sanyaya, aikin inoculation, har ma da zafin jiki na baƙin ƙarfe lokacin da ya sami mold, duk suna taka rawa sosai. Wani bangare mai kauri mai kauri da bakin bakin magana na iya samun nau'ikan microstructures daban-daban (saboda haka, kaddarorin) a cikin sassan daban-daban. Na tuna da wani kayan aiki da muka taɓa samowa; ya yi kama da kamala, ya wuce matakan bincike na asali, amma ya gaza sosai a gwajin gajiya. Mai laifi? Ƙunƙasa porosity ɓoye a cikin gidan yanar gizon, sakamakon kai tsaye na tsarin gating mara kyau wanda bai ciyar da sashin mai kauri yadda ya kamata ba. Zane ya yi kira da a sami digiri na 65-45-12, amma abin da muka samu a wannan yanki mai mahimmanci ya fi rauni, ya fi rauni.
Wannan shine inda ƙwararrun tsari ke da mahimmanci. Shagon da ya fahimci wannan sosai, kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tare da shekaru talatin a cikin harsashi da zuba jari, yana da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar tsoka don wannan. Ba karfe kawai suke zuba ba; suna gudanar da kimiyya mai ƙarfi. Domin ductile baƙin ƙarfe sassa waɗanda ke ganin nauyi mai ƙarfi - tunanin jikin bawul ɗin hydraulic, crankshafts compressor, ko abubuwan dakatarwa masu nauyi - wannan tushe ba zai yuwu ba. Ƙaramin haɗaɗɗen slag ko ƙwayar cuta da ba ta dace ba na iya zama wurin farawa don tsinke layin.
Zaɓin tsakanin gyare-gyaren harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari don baƙin ƙarfe ductile sau da yawa yakan sauko zuwa ga rikitarwa da buƙatun kammala saman. Don ɓangarorin da ke da sassa na ciki ko hadaddun dunƙule, gyare-gyaren harsashi yana ba da ma'auni mai kyau. Amma idan kuna buƙatar siffa ta kusa-net tare da keɓaɓɓen daki-daki na sararin sama da ƙaramin daftarin aiki, musamman don ƙarami, ƙaƙƙarfan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, daidaitaccen simintin saka hannun jari zai iya adana arziki akan injina na gaba. Bincike ne mai fa'ida wanda ke farawa a lokacin ƙira, ba tunani na baya ba.
Machining: Inda Ka'idar ta Haɗu da Bit Tool
Wannan shine matakin da ake gwada zato. Injin ƙarfe na ƙarfe daban da ƙarfe. Yana da abrasive, godiya ga graphite, kuma yana iya zama gummy. Samun saurin gudu, ciyarwarku, ko lissafin kayan aiki ba daidai ba, kuma za ku ƙone ta cikin abubuwan da aka saka ko samun taurin aiki, saman ƙasa wanda ba zai ƙare ba cikin lokaci. Na koyi wannan hanya mai wuya tun da wuri, ƙoƙarin tafiyar da gidan famfo na ƙarfe na ductile tare da sigogi da aka inganta don carbon karfe. Kayan aikin sun dade tsawon rabin tsayi, kuma ƙarewar saman ya kasance mai muni, wanda ke haifar da hatimi al'amurran ɗigogi a cikin taro.
Ƙarfin graphite a cikin baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka yana aiki azaman masu fasa guntu, yana mai da shi sauƙin injin. graphite nodular ductile iron baya yin haka. Kuna buƙatar kaifi, kayan aikin rake, galibi tare da ƙwararrun sutura kamar AlTiN, kuma dole ne ku kula da zafi. Bari ɓangaren ya yi zafi sosai, kuma za ku iya zahiri canza tsarin ƙirar a saman, ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan Layer, gaggautsa wanda ke da mafarki mai ban tsoro don ƙarin aiki ko aiki. Dace coolant aikace-aikace ba kawai game da kayan aiki rayuwa; game da adana kayan kayan da kuka biya a cikin simintin gyare-gyare.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa haɗin gwiwa tare da mai ba da kayayyaki wanda ke sarrafa duka simintin gyare-gyare da Injin CNC cikin gida, kamar QSY, na iya daidaita abubuwa. Suna fahimtar halayen kayan daga narkewa zuwa gamawa. Sun san yadda ragowar damuwa daga simintin gyaran kafa zai iya shafar ƙullawa da yanke, kuma za su iya daidaita dabarun aikin su daidai. Yana kawar da nuna yatsa tsakanin ma'auni da kantin injin lokacin da aka rasa haƙuri. Madaidaicin martani yana da ƙarfi.
Tambayar Alloy: Ba Duk Ƙarfe Ba Ne Daidai ba
ASTM A shine darajar gama gari, amma wannan shine kawai farkon. Don sassa a cikin mahalli masu lalata ko a yanayin zafi mai tsayi, kuna shiga cikin baƙin ƙarfe na ductile gami - silicon-molybdenum (SiMo) don juriya mai zafi, ko makin nickel-alloyed don lalata da lalacewa. Muna da aikin da aka yi don ɓangaren tanderun da ke buƙatar aiki mai dorewa a 800 ° C. Madaidaicin ƙarfe na ductile zai yi graphitized kuma ya kasa. Mun tafi tare da babban siliki ductile baƙin ƙarfe, wanda ya samar da wani barga silicon oxide Layer, amma ya sa kayan ya zama mafi kalubale ga inji. Ya kasance cinikin-kashe, amma wanda ya dace don aikace-aikacen.
Wani lokaci, zaɓin ba ma ƙarfe ba ne. Don matsananciyar lalacewa ko tasiri, zaku iya kallon ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron), wanda ke jurewa maganin zafi don cimma ƙarfin gaske da ƙarfi. Ko, don ɓangarorin sarrafa sinadarai masu ɓarna sosai, babban baƙin ƙarfe austenitic ductile iron (Ni-Resist) na iya zama amsar. Ma'anar ita ce, ƙayyadaddun ƙarfe na ductile yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Kuna buƙatar ayyana yanayin sabis - damuwa, zafin jiki, kafofin watsa labarai, lodin keken keke - don zaɓar madaidaicin maki. Mai siyarwar da ya ƙware tare da gami na musamman, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fayil ɗin QSY tare da kayan aikin cobalt da nickel, ya rigaya yana tunani akan wannan matakin; suna samun cewa zaɓin kayan aikin aikace-aikace ne.
Ɗayan nuance ɗaya da ake mantawa da shi shine bambanci tsakanin tsarin matrix na ferritic da pearlitic a daidaitattun maki. Matrix na ferritic (ƙarin ƙarfe, ƙarancin pearlite) yana ba da mafi kyawun ductility da juriya mai tasiri amma ƙananan ƙarfi da taurin. Matrix pearlitic ya fi ƙarfi da ƙarfi, mafi kyau ga lalacewa, amma ƙasa da ductile. Kuna iya rinjayar wannan ta hanyar maganin zafi bayan yin simintin. Wani ƙulli ne don juyawa, amma dole ne ku san kuna buƙatar kunna shi.
Matsalolin Duniya na Gaskiya da Jin Nagarta
Bayan rahotannin lab, akwai dabara, kusan bangaran fahimta don yin hukunci ductile baƙin ƙarfe inji sassa. Sautin wani sashi mai kyau yana yin lokacin da aka buga shi da sauƙi shi ne mara ƙarfi, tsauri mai ƙarfi, ba ping mai kaifi ba. Fuskar simintin tsaftataccen harbi mai kyau yana da daidaitaccen nau'in nau'in matte- launin toka, ba tare da kone-kone a cikin yashi ba ko bayyanannen sanyi yana rufewa. A lokacin aikin injin, kwakwalwan kwamfuta ya kamata su zo a cikin ƙananan, karyewar C, ba dogon lokaci ba, stringy tangles ko ƙura. Waɗannan su ne ƙididdigar QC na yau da kullun da kuka haɓaka akan lokaci.
Babban matsala shine yin watsi da ayyukan sakandare. Ka ce kana da ɗimbin ƙarfe na ductile wanda ke buƙatar plating ko zanen. Idan ba a tsaftace simintin gyaran kafa da kyau ba - harbin ya fashe, sannan a tsaftace sinadarai don cire duk wani yashi ko sikelin da ya rage - rufin zai gaza. Adhesion babban batu ne. Mun taɓa samun rukunin sassan da suka sami ƙumburi a gwajin fesa gishiri. Tushen sanadin shi ne ragowar silicate na ɗan ƙaramin abu daga yashin gyare-gyare wanda babu wanda ya yi tunanin bincikawa bayan fashewar.
Wani batun gama gari shine kwanciyar hankali, ko rashin sa, bayan munanan injina. Idan simintin ba a sami sassaucin damuwa da kyau ba (sau da yawa sake zagayowar damuwa), zai iya motsawa da mamaki bayan ka ɗauki yanke mai nauyi na farko, jefar da duk shirye-shiryen CNC na hankali. Mataki ne da ke ƙara kuɗi da lokaci, amma tsallake shi caca ne. Amintaccen mai siyarwa zai sami madaidaicin ƙa'idar don wannan bisa ga juzu'in juzu'i da kaurin bango.
Haɗin kai da Alakar Supplier
A ƙarshe, samun aiki, abin dogaro ductile baƙin ƙarfe part ba siyan widget din ciniki bane. Karamin haɗin gwiwa ne. Mafi kyawun sakamako ya zo daga haɗar da masana'anta da injiniyoyi da wuri. Shin za su iya ba da shawarar ɗan canjin daftarin kusurwa don inganta cikon mold? Shin ƙara ƙaramin radius a kusurwa zai kawar da tashin hankali da yuwuwar ciwon kai? Shin ƙayyadadden haƙuri akan siffa mara mahimmanci yana tuƙi 80% na farashin injina?
Kamfanin da ke ba da cikakken sabis na tsaye, daga ƙirar ƙira (idan an buƙata) zuwa simintin gyare-gyare zuwa injina, kamar abin da kuke gani da shi. Fasahar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), yana ba da maƙasudi guda ɗaya na lissafi. Tarihinsu na shekaru 30 a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da injina ba layin talla ba ne kawai; yana ba da shawarar cewa sun zagaya waɗannan ainihin batutuwan - raguwa, murdiya, lalata kayan aiki, ƙarewa - a cikin dubunnan umarni. Sun gina abubuwan sarrafa tsari da sanin tacit. Lokacin da ka aika musu da zane don hadadden ɓangaren ƙarfe na ductile, suna karantawa a tsakanin layi, suna tunanin yadda za a yi shi, mai iya aiki, kuma mai dorewa, ba kawai yadda za a faɗi shi ba.
Don haka, lokacin da na yi tunani game da sassa na inji na ductile baƙin ƙarfe a yanzu, Ina tunanin ƙasa game da kaddarorin littattafai da ƙari game da sarkar yanke shawara da sarrafawa waɗanda ke jujjuya abu mai kyau zuwa babban sashi. Ƙwararrun mai kafa ce, ma'auni na injiniyoyi, ƙayyadaddun injiniyan, duk sun daidaita. Kayan yana da iko, amma ana isar da aikinsa ta hanyar tsari. Kuma wannan tsari shine komai.
