Lokacin da akasarin mutane suka ji simintin yashi na baƙin ƙarfe, suna ɗaukar hoto madaidaiciya, kusan tsarin tsohuwar makaranta: narke ɗan ƙarfe, zuba shi a cikin yashi, fasa shi, kuma kun gama. Wannan shine babban kuskure. Gaskiyar ita ce tattaunawa ta dindindin tsakanin sunadarai, kimiyyar lissafi, da tattalin arziki. Bangaren 'ductile'-cimma wannan tsarin graphite spheroidal - babban aikin waya ne wanda ke farawa tun kafin ƙarfen ya kai ga ladle. Na ga ayyuka da yawa sun yi tuntuɓe ta hanyar kula da tsarin yashi azaman akwati mai wucewa maimakon ɗan takara mai aiki a cikin mutuncin ɓangaren ƙarshe.
Gidauniyar ita ce Komai: Sand Ba Yashi kaɗai ba ne
Kuna iya samun cikakkiyar narke, cikakkiyar nodularization, amma idan tsarin yashin ku ya kashe, kun zama guntu. Ba batun yin amfani da kowane yashi na silica ba ne. Lambar ingancin hatsi ta AFS, abun ciki na yumbu (bentonite), matakin danshi-waɗannan ba lambobi ba ne kawai akan takardar. Suna ba da ikon iya fitar da iskar gas, da jure wa zafin zafin zafin jiki na ƙarfe 1400°C+, kuma suna ba da ƙarshen ƙasa wanda ke rage lokacin tsaftacewa. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya a kan wani nau'i na jikin bawul shekaru baya. Yashin ya yi kyau sosai kuma ya cika da yawa. Sakamakon ba shine lahani da ake iya gani kamar busa ba, amma cibiyar sadarwa na ƙananan sanyi yana rufewa a kan wuraren da ke ɗauke da matsi wanda kawai ya bayyana yayin gwajin ruwa. Jimillar hasara. Wannan shine lokacin da ka daina ganin yashi a matsayin datti kuma ka fara ganinsa a matsayin ainihin abu.
Wannan shi ne inda gwaninta daga tushe kamar QSY (Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.) ya nuna darajarsa. Gudun ginin tushe sama da shekaru 30, kuna haɓaka jin daɗin yashi. Kun san yadda zafi a ranar damina a Qingdao zai jefar da makasudin danshin ku, ko kuma yadda sake amfani da yashi da yawa ba tare da gyaran gyare-gyare ba yana satar yumbun yumbu. Ayyukansu na dogon lokaci a cikin hanyoyin simintin gyare-gyare daban-daban na nufin sun fahimci cewa sarrafa yashi don baƙin ƙarfe ductile ba iri ɗaya ba ne da na baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka - yanayin kwantar da hankali ya bambanta, karfe yana nuna bambanci.
Tsarin tsarin gating da aka zuba a cikin wannan yashi wani abu ne mai mahimmanci, sau da yawa ba a la'akari da shi, yanki. Tare da baƙin ƙarfe ductile, kuna ma'amala da ƙarfe wanda ke da yanki na pasty na musamman yayin ƙarfafawa. Kuna buƙatar ciyar da raguwa yadda ya kamata, amma ƙofofin da masu tashi dole ne a tsara su don rage tashin hankali. Ruwan daɗaɗɗen ruwa yana haɓaka haɓakar ƙazanta-haɗin magnesium silicate wanda ke lalata injina da ƙarfin gajiya. A koyaushe ina ciyar da lokacin rashin daidaituwa akan shimfidar gating; yana da arha gyara akan zane fiye da ware ta cikin yadi mai cike da fashe-fashe.
Rawar Magnesium: Samun Gaskiya Na Gaskiya
Wannan shine jigon tsari. Ɗaukar ƙarfe mai tushe tare da sarrafa sulfur da matakan iskar oxygen da allura madaidaicin harbin magnesium. Kadan, kuna samun graphite flake, rasa ductility. Da yawa, kuna samun hazo na carbide, wanda ke sa sashin ya gagare kuma ba zai iya yin aiki ba. Hanyar tana da mahimmanci - murfin tundish, sanwici, kwarara-ta. Kowannensu yana da nasa amfanin gona da daidaito. Na fi son hanyar sanwici don sassa masu nauyi; yana ba da ƙarin tsinkaya, a hankali dauki. Ba kawai kuna ƙara wani abu ba; kana gudanar da wani m exothermic dauki cewa canza dukan solidification hali na baƙin ƙarfe.
Bayan rigakafi shine mataki na gaba wanda ba za ku iya tsallakewa ba. Maganin magnesium yana dushewa. Idan kun dade da yawa don zubawa, nodules na graphite sun fara raguwa. Ƙara maƙarƙashiyar inoculant kamar ferrosilicon daidai kafin zubawa yana haifar da sabbin rukunin ƙwayoyin cuta, yana tabbatar da ƙididdige yawan nodule da uniform, matrix mai kyau. Na bin diddigin kaddarorin inji akan lokacin tsakanin jiyya da zubowa. Saukewa bayan wani taga yana da ƙarfi. Yana tilasta waƙa a kan bene mai shago wanda yayi kama da hargitsi amma ainihin ballet ɗin da aka kayyade.
Da yake magana game da kaddarorin, abin sha'awa na ductile baƙin ƙarfe yashi simintin gyaran kafa shine kewayon da zaku iya samu. Kuna iya yin nufin EN-GJS-400-18 don haɓakawa mai girma, ko tura zuwa GJS-700-2 don ƙarfi. Amma ba za ku sami hakan ta hanyar canza girke-girke a cikin tanderu ba. Haɗin ilmin sinadarai ne, ƙimar sanyaya da ƙera yashi ke faɗi (sassu masu kauri suna yin sanyi a hankali, suna shafar girman nodule da matrix), kuma sau da yawa, maganin zafi na gaba. Nunawa don taki, kashewa da zafin rai don tsarin lu'u-lu'u ko tsarin martensitic - simintin yashi shine kawai mataki na farko a cikin doguwar tafiya zuwa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Inda Ya Dace da Inda Bai Dace ba
Bakin ƙarfe yashi simintin gyaran kafa ba shine amsar kowane bangare ba. Don maɗaukakiyar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan katangar bango tare da juriya mai girman hauka, simintin saka hannun jari ko gyare-gyaren harsashi na iya zama mafi kyau. Amma ga abin da yake da kyau, ba a iya yin nasara akan farashi don matsakaici zuwa manyan sassa. Yi tunanin gidajen famfo, akwatunan akwati masu nauyi, manyan na'urori masu amfani da ruwa, ko sansanonin kayan aikin injin. Ƙarfin girman girman da kuma ƙarancin kayan aiki na kayan aiki don ƙirar yashi (musamman don kashewa ɗaya ko ƙananan ƙididdiga) ya sa ya tafi. Wani kamfani kamar QSY, wanda ke ba da nau'in harsashi da simintin yashi, yana cikin kyakkyawan matsayi don ba da shawara akan wannan. Za su iya kallon zane kuma su ce da gaske, Don wannan ɓangarorin na musamman, simintin yashi ya wuce kima, bari mu yi amfani da ƙirar harsashi, ko Wannan gidaje na injin turbine yana buƙatar sarrafa taro na thermal kawai ƙirar yashi da aka ƙera zai iya bayarwa.
Izinin injina shine mahimmin yanayin tattalin arziki. Yashi simintin gyare-gyare sun fi muni. Dole ne ku bar ƙarin haja don injinan CNC don tsaftacewa. Wannan ɓata lokaci ne na ƙarfe da injina. Tsarin yashi da aka ƙera tare da zirconia ko chromite yana fuskantar yashi a wurare masu mahimmanci na iya inganta ƙarewar ƙasa sosai, rage wannan izinin. Ƙididdigar riba ce. Don yanayin da ba shi da mahimmanci na ciki, izinin 3-5mm yana da kyau. Don wurin zama mai ɗaukar nauyi, kuna son shi da ƙarfi kamar yadda zai yiwu, watakila 1.5-2mm, wanda ke buƙatar ingantaccen ingancin mold.
A hakikanin duniya ciwon kai? Bambancin girma. Tushen yashi na iya jujjuya yayin zubawa, ko ƙirar ta sawa. Don wani sashe mai rikitarwa, riƙe juriya mai tsauri a cikin babban tsari yana da ƙalubale. Yawancin lokaci dole ne ku gina ramuwa cikin tsari - fasaha a kanta. Mun taɓa samun matsala mai maimaitawa game da tazarar ƙura a kan firam ɗin kwampreso. Tsarin ya kasance cikakke, amma an kashe simintin gyare-gyare da rabin milimita. Mai laifi? Ƙunƙarar yashi a kusa da ainihin kwafin bai yi daidai ba, yana barin maɗaukakin maɗaukaki su ɗan motsa yayin zubowa. Gyaran ya kasance mai sauƙi na sake fasalin jigon bugu don kulle shi a wuri mafi kyau. Mai sauƙi a cikin hangen nesa, mako guda na aikin bincike a lokacin.
Haɗin Kai: Daga Casting zuwa Ƙarshe Sashe
Wannan shine gaskiyar zamani. Da wuya a yi a ductile baƙin ƙarfe yashi simintin gyaran kafa ship as-siminti. Yana buƙatar machining. Samun simintin gyare-gyare da machining a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya, kamar yadda QSY ke yi tare da sashin mashin ɗin su na CNC, yana kawar da dutsen kayan aiki da rigingimu masu inganci. Masu aikin injina da masu aikin kafa zasu iya magana. Idan masu aikin injin suna karya kayan aiki akai-akai akan wani tsari na musamman, za su iya komawa wurin da ake ganowa kuma su ce, Taurin ba shi da daidaituwa, ko Akwai fata mai sanyi a nan. Gidan ginin yana iya daidaita inoculant ko yawan zafin jiki.
Kayan abu ma suna da mahimmanci. Duk da yake daidaitaccen ƙarfe na ductile (kamar 450-10) shine dokin aiki, wani lokacin kuna buƙatar baƙin ƙarfe bainitic ductile don juriya, ko ƙarfin siliki mai ƙarfi don sabis na zafin jiki. Tsarin yashi yana iya daidaitawa, amma dole ne a sake tunani game da gating da tashi don waɗannan allunan tare da halayen raguwa daban-daban. Ambaton QSY na yin aiki tare da gami na musamman kamar na tushen nickel yana faɗa - yana nuna iyawa don ɗaukar mafi ƙarancin narkewar da za'a iya buƙata don lalata ko juriya na abubuwan ƙarfe na ductile.
A ƙarshe, nasara ductile baƙin ƙarfe yashi simintin gyaran kafa game da ganin dukan sarkar. Ba jerin matakai ba ne amma madauki. Bayanin mashin ɗin yana sanar da tsarin simintin gyaran kafa. Ingantacciyar simintin gyare-gyare yana ba da ƙimar yawan mashin ɗin. Yana da ƙaƙƙarfan tsari, aikin hannu inda ka'idar ta gamu da gaskiyar bene mai zafi, hayaniya. Kyakkyawar sa shine ƙirƙirar ingantaccen ƙarfe, abin dogaro wanda ke samar da ɓoyayyen ƙashin baya na injuna da yawa, ta amfani da ɗayan mafi dadadden hanyoyin ƙirƙira da muke da su. Kuna mutunta tsarin, kuma zai samar da sassan da suka wuce shekaru da yawa.
