Lokacin da kuka ji 'samfurin ƙarfe na foda', hoton nan da nan ga mutane da yawa har yanzu masu sauƙi ne, bushings na tagulla mai laushi ko sassa na asali. Wannan kadan ne daga ra'ayi na kwanan baya, gaskiya. Filin ya yi nisa fiye da haka, amma jinkirin fahimta na gaske ne. A cikin aikinmu tare da hadaddun simintin gyare-gyare da na'ura, sau da yawa muna ganin ƙira inda ɓangaren PM zai zama mafi dacewa, amma injiniyan ya ƙi yin amfani da simintin gyare-gyaren simintin gyare-gyare ko na'ura daga mashaya ba tare da al'ada ba, wani lokaci yana yin watsi da fa'idodin sigar yanar gizo da ingancin kayan aiki na PM. Ba kawai game da latsawa da kuma sintering baƙin ƙarfe foda ba; game da manyan abubuwa masu yawa, ci-gaba gami da masana'antun masana'antu waɗanda ke ɓata layin.
Tattaunawar Kayayyakin: Bayan Iron da Copper
Yin aiki tare da gami na musamman kamar na tushen cobalt da na tushen nickel don simintin saka hannun jari yana ba ku kyakkyawar godiya ga farashin kayan aiki da aiki. Wannan shi ne inda foda metallurgy ya fara samun ban sha'awa sosai. Samar da sassa daga karafa na kayan aiki, bakin karfe, ko ma superalloys ta PM na iya kawar da yawancin batutuwan rarrabuwa da kuke samu a cikin narkewar gargajiya da simintin gyare-gyare. Kuna samun ƙarin tsarin kamanni daidai daga ƙofar. Na tuna wani aikin don ɓangaren bawul a cikin yanayi mai lalacewa inda abokin ciniki ya dage game da yin amfani da takamaiman nau'i na bakin karfe. Samfurin farko shine simintin saka hannun jari, wanda yayi kyau, amma tattaunawar ta juya zuwa mafi girma girma. Mun kalli PM a matsayin madadin, musamman 316L bakin karfe foda karfe tsari. Siffar siffa ta kusa-net tana nufin mun sami ceto kusan 30% akan kayan idan aka kwatanta da mashin ɗin daga ƙwaƙƙwaran, kuma kaddarorin injina, musamman juriyar lalata, sun yi daidai da sashi-zuwa-bangare. Ba wasa ne kawai na farashi ba; wasa ne abin dogaro.
Wannan ya ce, ba musanyar duniya ba ce. Zaɓin zaɓi na gami a cikin PM ana yin shi ta hanyar makin foda da ake da shi da kuma yanayi mai ban sha'awa. Ba za ku iya ɗaukar kowane ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun simintin simintin gyare-gyare da fassara shi kai tsaye ba. Akwai tsarin koyo. Mun sami gazawar ƙoƙarin yin daidai da kaddarorin garin nickel mai jure zafi da aka yi amfani da su a ɗaya daga cikin simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi. Sigar PM tayi kyau sosai, amma juriya mai zafi mai zafi ta gaza sigar simintin. Darasin ba shine PM ya kasance ƙasa ba, amma cewa tsarin abu ne na daban gaba ɗaya. Kuna ƙira don tsarin PM, ba a kan takardar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun siminti ba.
Wannan ya danganta baya ga gwaninta a wurare kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Tare da shekarun da suka gabata a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da injinan CNC, sun fahimci halayen kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin matakai daban-daban. Wannan ginshiƙin ilimin yana da mahimmanci yayin kimantawa ko ɓangaren ɗan takara ne don hanyoyin gargajiya kamar ƙwarewar su a cikin ƙirar harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari, ko kuma idan ya kamata a kai ga foda karfe kayayyakin mai bayarwa. Yana da game da samun ikon ganin dukan taswirar masana'antu.
Inda PM ke Haskaka da Inda Ya Tuntube
Ainihin wuri mai dadi ga PM yana cikin hadaddun geometries waɗanda ke da mafarki mai ban tsoro ga na'ura amma ana iya samuwa a cikin mutuwa. Yi tunanin gears tare da cibiyoyi masu kama da juna, sassan da ke da ɓangarorin ciki, ko abubuwan da ke haɗa abubuwa da yawa zuwa ɗaya. Matsakaicin sarrafa juzu'i bayan sintering, musamman tare da fasahohin zamani kamar mutuƙar bangon bango da matsi mai madaidaici, yana da ban sha'awa. Kuna sau da yawa a cikin wurin shakatawa na juriya na wani ɓangaren injina, wanda ga aikace-aikace da yawa ya isa daidai.
Amma a nan ga hiccup mai amfani da muka ci karo da shi: porosity. Takobi ne mai kaifi biyu. Sarrafa porosity yana da kyau don ɗaukar mai mai da kai ko masu tacewa. Amma ga ɓangarorin da ke buƙatar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, matsatsin matsa lamba, ko kyakkyawar gamawa don plating na gaba, wannan porosity ɗin haɗin gwiwa matsala ce. Dole ne ku matsa zuwa matakai kamar gyaran gyare-gyaren ƙarfe (MIM) ko danna sau biyu/sinter sau biyu don fitar da yawa sama, wanda ke ƙara farashi. Mun taɓa samo wani sprocket na PM don ƙananan kayan aiki. Yayi aiki daidai kuma yana da tsada. Don kayan aikin famfo na ruwa da ke buƙatar duka ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da amincin hatimi, dole ne mu koma hanyar ƙirƙira da injina. Siffar PM, ko da a 7.2 g/cm3, tana da haɗarin ƙananan leaka a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Sanin waɗannan iyakoki shine mabuɗin.
Wani mahimmin batu shine ayyukan sakandare. Labarin sau da yawa shine PM yana kawar da machining. Wani lokaci. Sau da yawa, yana rage shi. Yawancin manyan ayyuka foda karfe Abubuwan da aka gyara har yanzu suna buƙatar izinin CNC don madaidaicin ƙira mai mahimmanci, aikin zare, ko matakin niƙa don saman rufewa. Wannan shine inda mai kaya tare da haɗakar ƙarfin injin, kamar QSY's mai ƙarfi na CNC machining, ya zama abokin tarayya mai ma'ana. Za su iya yin tunani game da dukan sarkar tsari - yadda za a gudanar da sashin da aka yi amfani da shi, inda wuraren datum suke, yadda ragowar porosity zai iya rinjayar kayan aiki - maimakon kawai isar da wani ɓangaren kore.
Matsakaicin Kudin Ba Farashin Raka'a Kawai ba
Kowa yayi tsalle zuwa farashi-bangaren. Kayan aiki na PM-wadanda taurin karfe ya mutu-yana da tsada kuma yana da dogon lokacin jagora. Don samfuri ko ƙaramar gudu, galibi ba mai farawa bane idan aka kwatanta da sarrafa billet ko samar da ƴan simintin yashi. Ƙofar ƙarar inda PM ya zama mai tattalin arziki yana ci gaba da saukowa tare da hanyoyin kayan aiki da sauri, amma har yanzu yana nan. Kuna yin fare akan ƙara.
Ainihin tanadi na tsari ne. Amfani da kayan aiki shine babba. Kuna amfani da yuwuwar 95%+ na ɗanyen foda, tare da ɗan guntuwa. Kwatanta wannan don sarrafa wani hadadden sashi daga hannun jari, inda zaku iya juya kashi 60% na kayan tsada zuwa kwakwalwan kwamfuta. A cikin lokacin tsadar kayan abu, yana da girma. Hakanan akwai raguwar makamashi don narkewa da kawar da matakai masu tsauri da yawa. Ga kamfani da ke sarrafa cikakken layin samarwa, waɗannan abubuwa ne na zahiri, abubuwan da ke ƙasa waɗanda suka wuce kwatancen ƙima mai sauƙi.
Ina tunanin wani bangare na abokin ciniki injunan aikin gona. Flange ne mai sauƙi tare da gundura cibiya da wasu ramukan kulle. Machining daga faifan karfe ya kasance madaidaiciya. Amma a guda 50,000 a shekara, kuɗin da ake kashewa na karfe ya zama abin layi. Canjawa zuwa wani bangare na PM, tare da ramukan ƙwanƙwasa kawai da ƙarancin ƙarewa yana buƙatar saurin taɓawar CNC, yanke farashin albarkatun ƙasa da rabi kuma ya 'yantar da cibiyoyin injinan guda uku don wasu ayyukan. Farashin rukunin ya ɗan yi girma, amma jimlar kuɗin ƙasa ya yi ƙasa. Wannan shine nau'in bincike da ke fitowa daga rayuwa a filin samarwa, ba kawai kasidar tallace-tallace ba.
Haɗin kai da Gaba: Ba Magani Siled ba
Makomar foda karfe kayayyakin ba a tsaye shi kaɗai a matsayin alkuki ba. Yana cikin haɗa shi cikin dabarun masana'antu mafi fa'ida. We're seeing more hybrid parts—a PM preform that is then forged (powder forging) to achieve full density, or a PM part with a specific alloy section created via co-sintering. Layukan suna blurring.
Don masana'anta kamar QSY, wanda ainihin shi ne simintin gyare-gyare da kuma mashigin madaidaici, ra'ayi mai mahimmanci ya ƙunshi sanin lokacin da za a ba da shawarar hanyar PM zuwa abokin ciniki. Yana iya zama don juzu'in ɓangarorin a cikin taron da suke yin injina, ko don haɗin kayan da ke da tsadar yin simintin. Ayyukan su na dogon lokaci a cikin masana'antu sun nuna cewa sun fahimci cewa samar da mafita wani lokaci yana nufin jagorantar abokin ciniki zuwa fasaha daban-daban gaba ɗaya. Yana gina aminci mai zurfi.
A ƙasa, ƙalubalen sun kasance masu amfani. Gudanar da foda yana buƙatar sadaukarwa, wurare masu tsabta. Die zane fasaha ce ta musamman. Dole ne a sarrafa yanayin wutar lantarki da kyau. Tsari ne mai fa'ida mai fa'ida tare da lankwasa ilimi mai zurfi. Shi ya sa, duk da fa'idarsa, ba zai maye gurbin simintin gyare-gyare ko injina ba. Zai cika su. Mafi cancantar masana'antu abokan su ne waɗanda za su iya duba zane da kuma rashin son kai auna duk zažužžukan-harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa ga wasu geometries da gami, zuba jari simintin ga wasu, CNC machining for prototypes da m-haƙuri fasali, da kuma a, foda karfe ga wadanda high girma, hadaddun sassa sassa inda kayan kiyayewa ne sarki. Wannan shine ainihin yanayin yanayin duniya inda waɗannan foda karfe kayayyakin sami ainihin ƙimar su.
