Lokacin da kuka ji 'sassan ƙarfi masu ƙarfi', tunanin nan da nan yakan yi tsalle zuwa lambobi masu ƙarfi akan takardar bayanai-UTS, ƙarfin samar da ƙarfi, ƙila haɓakawa. Wannan shine farkon farawa, tabbas, amma shine inda ayyuka da yawa, musamman daga abokan ciniki sababbi zuwa masana'antu masu nauyi ko aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace, sun lalace. Za su shigo tare da matakin abu, a ce 4340 ko 17-4 PH, kuma suna ɗaukan aikin ɓangaren yana da garantin. Gaskiyar, ɓangaren da a zahiri ya gaza ko ya yi nasara a kan bene na kanti ko a fagen, an ƙirƙira shi ne a cikin tsaka mai wuya na kayan aiki, tsari, da niyyar ƙira. Ba wai kawai abin da karfe yake ba, amma abin da kuke yi da shi da yadda kuke siffata shi.
Gidauniyar: Yana farawa da Casting
Ba za ku iya yin injin ƙarfin da ba a can don farawa da shi ba. Wannan shine ka'idar kadinal. A gare mu, yawancin waɗannan sassa masu ƙarfi fara a matsayin simintin gyare-gyare. Ɗauki simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi-ba wai kawai yin siffa ba ne. Don toshe bawul ɗin ruwa ko gidan famfo wanda ke buƙatar ɗaukar nauyin 5000+ PSI mai dorewa, amincin wannan simintin farko shine komai. Porosity ba kawai aibi ne da za ku iya kawar da shi ba; mai maida hankali ne na damuwa yana jira don fara fashewa a ƙarƙashin hawan keke. Mun gani. Wani sashe ya wuce dukkan gwaje-gwajen a tsaye, sannan ya gaza a gwajin gajiya bayan ƴan hawan keke. Mai laifi? Karamin rami mai raguwa a cikin sashin bango mai mahimmanci, mara ganuwa har sai kun yanke sashin a bude. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa sarrafa tsari a cikin ginin tushe ba farashi ba ne; tsarin inshora ne na rayuwar sabis gaba ɗaya.
Yin simintin saka hannun jari yana sa ku kusa da sifar yanar gizo tare da kyakkyawan ƙarewa, wanda ke da kyau ga hadaddun geometries a ciki sassa masu ƙarfi kamar turbin ruwan wukake ko impellers. Amma a nan, ƙirar tsarin gating da ƙimar sanyaya sun zama masu canji masu mahimmanci. Samun tsarin ƙarfafawa ba daidai ba, kuma kuna gabatar da damuwa na ciki ko rashin daidaituwa na microstructural wanda babu adadin maganin zafi da zai iya gyarawa. fasaha ce da dabara. Ba kawai kuna zuba karfe a cikin harsashi na yumbu ba; kana jagorantar yadda yake jujjuyawa daga ruwa zuwa kauri, hatsi da hatsi. Wannan tsarin shi ne ginshiƙin ƙarfinsa.
Kuma gami da kansu-wannan shine inda shekaru 30 ke shigowa. Motsawa daga daidaitattun bakin 316 zuwa matakin hazo-hardening kamar 17-4PH, ko cikin yanayin abubuwan da ke cikin nickel kamar Inconel 718, yana canza duk wasan. Wadannan kayan ba su da gafara. Su babban ƙarfi yuwuwar tana kulle a bayan ƙayyadaddun ka'idojin maganin zafi. Misali, tare da 17-4PH, bambanci tsakanin fushin H900 da H1150 ba xi kaɗan ba ne; cikakken motsi ne a cikin bayanin martabar aikace-aikacen-ɗayan yana son iyakar ƙarfi, ɗayan mafi kyawun juriya da tauri. Ba da shawarar wanda bai dace ba saboda ma'auni babban kuskure ne. Dole ne ku tambayi: menene yanayin aiki? Shin nauyin injina ne mai tsabta, ko akwai hawan keke na zafi, lalata, abrasion? Babban ƙarfin da ake buƙata ba zai taɓa kasancewa cikin sarari ba.
Rawar Machining: Cire Kayayyakin Ba tare da Rasa Mutunci ba
Wannan shine matakin da simintin gyare-gyare mai kyau ya zama babban sashi, ko kuma ya lalace. CNC machining sassa masu ƙarfi ba abu ne mai sauƙi na gudanar da shirin ba. Ragowar damuwa a cikin ɗanyen simintin gyare-gyare ko ƙirƙira taswira ɓoyayyiya ce. Ɗauki yanke mai nauyi a cikin jerin da ba daidai ba, kuma za ku iya zahiri cire ɓangaren daga siffa yayin da kuke sarrafa shi, ko mafi muni, haifar da sabbin damuwa waɗanda za su juye daga baya yayin maganin zafi. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya shekaru da suka wuce akan ɗimbin manyan kayan aikin ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Machined da su da kyau, ya aika da su. Sun dawo bayan jinyar zafi, saboda haƙurin da wasu 'yan ku a kan bore suka yi. Rage damuwa daga tanderun ya bar kayan ya motsa zuwa sabon ma'auni. Yanzu, muna amfani da jeri na roughing dabarun, barin daidaitattun kayayyaki, kuma galibi suna haɗawa da sake zagayowar damuwa kafin injin na ƙarshe ya wuce. Yana ƙara mataki, amma yana adana duka batch.
Zaɓin kayan aiki da dabarun sanyaya sun zama mahimmanci tare da manyan gami. Gudun shigar da na'ura mai mahimmanci na carbide a kan gawa mai tushen cobalt zai ƙone kayan aiki a cikin mintuna kuma yayi aiki-taurara saman, yana sa na gaba wucewa ya fi wuya kuma yana iya lalata tsarin ƙasa na kayan. Kuna buƙatar tsattsauran saiti, ingantaccen rake geometries, wani lokacin har ma da kayan aikin CBN ko PCD. Kuma coolant ba kawai don sanyaya ba; don kwashe guntu ne. Gefen da aka ginawa ko guntu da aka yanke na iya ɓata saman ƙasa, ƙirƙirar wani ɗan ƙaramin tashin hankali. Don kamfani kamar QSY, kiyaye ɗakin karatu mai zurfi na dabarun kayan aiki da sigogi don abubuwa daban-daban - daga simintin ƙarfe zuwa Inconel - yana da mahimmanci kamar injinan kansu. Ilimin tatsi ne da aka gina daga dubban sa'o'i a ƙasa, ba daga littafin jagora ba. Kuna iya samun wasu hanyoyinmu na waɗannan ƙalubalen da aka rubuta a cikin yanayin binciken akan rukunin yanar gizon mu a https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
Sannan akwai tambayar fasali. Sharp ciki sasanninta ne abokan gaba sassa masu ƙarfi. Sun kasance cikakke masu tattara damuwa. Muna ciyar da lokaci mai yawa a cikin nazarin ƙira, muna ba da shawara ga radius fillet mai karimci, koda kuwa yana dagula hanyar kayan aiki. Wani lokaci samfurin CAD na abokin ciniki yana nuna kyakkyawan kusurwa mai kaifi mai yuwuwar yin na'ura tare da ƙaramin injin niƙa. Dole ne mu tura baya: Wannan kusurwar za ta zama wurin gazawar. Bari mu radius, ko da kawai R0.5mm. Tattaunawa akai-akai tsakanin ƙira mai kyau da abin ƙira, tabbataccen gaskiya.
Maganin zafi: The Alchemy of Strength
Idan machining shine sassaka, maganin zafi shine al'ada da ke kawo shi rayuwa. Wannan shi ne inda ainihin ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin kayan aiki suke samu. Kuma yana da nisa da saita shi kuma manta da zagayowar tanda. Kafofin watsa labaru masu kashewa - mai, ruwa, polymer, iska - suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban. Kashe wani hadadden siffa sashi mai ƙarfi da sauri, kuma kuna haɗarin fashewa ko murdiya mai tsanani. Jinkirin ya yi yawa, kuma ba ku samun canjin martensitic da ake so a cikin karafa, yana barin ku da cibiya mai laushi.
Muna haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙwararrun shagunan kula da zafi, amma ba kawai muna aika hotuna ba. Muna ba da cikakkun umarnin tsari bisa ga jumhuriyar ɓangaren da gami. Don ɓangaren ƙananan ƙarfe mai kauri mai kauri, ƙila mu ƙila ƙila mu ƙididdige tsarin katsewa ko tashe don rage girgizar zafi. Don hazo-taurare bakin, yanayin zafin lokaci don tsufa mai tsarki ne; Ragewar 10 ° C ko minti 15 na iya canza taurin da tauri sosai. Na tuna da wani aiki na sashin ruwa inda gishiri-fesa juriyar lalata ya kasance mai mahimmanci kamar ƙarfin amfanin gona. Daidaitaccen zafin H900 na 17-4PH ya ba mu ƙarfi amma ya bar iyakar juriya na lalata. Dole ne mu yi gwaji tare da yanayin da ya wuce shekaru (kusa da H1150) sannan mu daidaita alawus ɗin mashin ɗin don lissafin ƙimar cire kayan abu daban-daban bayan jiyya. Ayyukan daidaitawa ne, amma ya ba da wani ɓangaren da ke aiki.
Tabbatarwa ba abin tattaunawa ba ne. Takaddun shaida daga mai maganin zafi farawa ne, amma ga sassa masu mahimmancin manufa, sau da yawa muna yin gwaje-gwajen tabo na kanmu - gwaje-gwajen taurin kai a sassa daban-daban na ɓangaren samfurin, ko ma aika da takaddun shaida daga zafi iri ɗaya don cikakken gwajin injina. Kun amince, amma kun tabbatar. Farashin ɓangaren da bai gaza ba a cikin dwarf ɗin sabis yana rage farashin wannan ƙarin himma.
Harka a cikin Nuni: Tashar Gear wacce Kusan Ba ta kasance ba
Bayan ƴan shekaru baya, wani abokin ciniki ya zo mana da cibiya ta kayan aiki da ta gaza daga wani babban nauyi mai nauyi. Asalin abin walda ne da aka kera wanda ya fashe a yankin da zafi ya shafa. Sun so monolithic, babban ƙarfi maye gurbinsu. Takaddun bayanai da ake kira ASTM A ductile karfe (90 ksi tensile) tare da babban tasiri tauri a ƙananan zafin jiki. Simintin gyare-gyaren kanta, ta yin amfani da gyare-gyaren harsashi don kwanciyar hankali, ya kasance mai sauƙi a gare mu a QSY. Kalubalen shine injina da kaddarorin ƙarshe.
Bangaren yana da katon flange mai bakin ciki. Jerin injin ɗin mu na farko, bisa ga daidaitaccen aiki, ya haifar da ɗan ƙaramin yaƙi amma ba a yarda da shi ba bayan roughing. Dole ne mu koma baya, mu sake tsara kayan gyara don tallafawa flange a duk lokacin da ake aiwatarwa, kuma mu ɗauki hankali, mafi daidaita dabarun yanke. Sai maganin zafi ya zo. Don cimma taurin, ana buƙatar kashewa da fushi da ya dace, amma mun damu game da karkatar da flange. Mun yi aiki tare da mai kula da zafi don ƙirƙira kayan aiki na al'ada wanda zai riƙe sashin a tsaye yayin kashewa don tabbatar da sanyaya iri ɗaya. Wani ƙarin mataki ne, ƙarin farashi, amma ya yi aiki. Sassan sun haɗu da duk ƙayyadaddun bayanai na inji kuma suna gudana ba tare da matsala ba. Wannan aikin, kamar sauran mutane, an taƙaita shi a cikin fayil ɗin mu a gidan yanar gizon Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY). Yana da kyakkyawan misali na yadda ƙarfin ƙarfi shine tafiya, ba maƙasudin da za ku isa ta hanyar ɗaukar abubuwa kawai ba.
Abin da ake samu daga wannan, da kuma wasu umarni marasa adadi, shine isar da ingantaccen abin dogaro sashi mai ƙarfi yana buƙatar kula da dukkan ayyukan aiki-daga narken sunadarai a cikin ginin tushe zuwa dubawa na ƙarshe-a matsayin tsarin guda ɗaya, haɗakarwa. Rashin rauni a cikin kowane hanyar haɗin gwiwa yana lalata dukkan sarkar. Ba za ku iya bincika inganci zuwa wani bangare ba; dole ne ka gina shi a ciki, mataki ta hanyar sarrafawa.
Halin Dan Adam da Jin Tsarin
A ƙarshe, akwai abin da ba a taɓa gani ba wanda ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba sa kamawa. Bayan shekaru da yawa a cikin wannan kasuwancin, a QSY da kuma kafin, kuna haɓaka wani nau'in ji. Gogaggen mashin ɗin zai iya jin canji a cikin yanke - ɗan motsi na jituwa - wanda ke gaya masa kayan aikin ya fara dushewa ko kayan yana da wuri mai wahala. Ma'aikacin ma'auni na iya duba kwararar ƙarfe zuwa cikin tsari kuma ya ji idan zafin ya ɗan kashe. Wannan ba sufi bane; gane ƙirar ƙira ce da aka haife ta daga hannu-kan maimaitawa.
Wannan jin yana sanar da kiran hukunci. Lokacin da gwajin ultrasonic ya nuna ɗan kankanin, keɓancewar dakatarwa a cikin wani yanki mara mahimmanci na babban simintin gyare-gyare, shin kuna share ɓangaren $10,000? Ma'auni na iya cewa e. Amma dangane da wurin, alkiblar damuwa, da yanayin aminci na aikace-aikacen, ƙwararren injiniya zai iya amincewa da shi tare da bayanin kula, yana adana aikin. Akasin haka, za a iya ƙi da cikakken fili mai kyan gani saboda ƙimar abincin injin ɗin ya yi yawa, yana iya haifar da lalacewar ƙasa. Wadannan yanke shawara sune inda roba ta hadu da hanya. Sun dogara ne akan zurfin fahimta, kusan fahimta ta yadda sassa masu ƙarfi rayuwa kuma ta mutu a cikin ainihin duniya, fahimtar da QSY ta haɓaka a tsawon tsayin aikinta na yin simintin gyare-gyare da injina.
Don haka, lokacin da muke magana akai sassa masu ƙarfi, da gaske muna magana ne game da falsafar sarrafawa da fahimta, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin jerin sarkar matakai. Yana game da haɗa ɗigo tsakanin ƙarfe, thermodynamics, injiniyan injiniya, da hikimar bene na kanti. Takardar bayanan ita ce alkawari; duk abin da ya faru bayan an ba da oda shine isar da wannan alkawari. Kuma wannan isarwa ba ta taɓa kasancewa ta atomatik ba.
