Bari mu yanke ta hanyar tallan magana. Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'daidaitaccen simintin gyaran kafa', suna ɗaukar hoto mara aibi, sassa masu siffa suna fitowa daga wani tsari, suna shirye su tafi. Gaskiyar ita ce ta fi muni, ta fi muni, kuma a zahiri, ta fi ban sha'awa. Ba tsari ba ne kawai; Tattaunawa ce ta dindindin tsakanin kishin ƙira, halayyar abin duniya, da ƙaƙƙarfan gaskiyar kimiyyar lissafi da sinadarai. Yawancin bayanai dalla-dalla ana jifa su ba tare da fahimtar abin da gaske suke kashewa don cimmawa a ƙasa ba.
Wasan Shell: Ya Fi Yashi Kawai
Simintin gyare-gyaren Shell, ɗaya daga cikin ainihin hanyoyinmu, galibi ana cushewa tare da mafi sauƙin simintin yashi. Wannan kuskure ne. Madaidaicin farawa tare da mold kanta. Ba kawai muna tattara yashi a kusa da wani tsari ba; muna gina harsashi na bakin ciki, mai tsauri ta hanyar stucco mai matakai da yawa. Daidaiton slurry yumbura, girman hatsi na stucco refractory, lokacin bushewa tsakanin dips-kowane mai canzawa yana raɗawa zuwa ƙarshen farfajiyar ƙarshe. Yi kuskure ɗaya, kuma za ku gan shi a ƙarshe, ko mafi muni, a cikin karyewar harsashi yayin zuba. Na ga ayyukan inda abokin ciniki ya buƙaci gamawar Ra 3.2 μm azaman-siminti. Mai yiwuwa? Ee, tare da harsashi. Amma yana nufin tweaking farkon gashi slurry danko da motsawa zuwa mafi kyawun yashi zircon don gashin fuska, wanda ya ƙara farashi da buƙatun kulawa. Waɗannan ɓangarorin kasuwanci ne ke ayyana ainihin daidaito.
Ainihin gwajin ya zo tare da hadaddun geometries. Ganuwar bakin ciki, tashoshi na ciki, raguwa. Tare da gyare-gyaren harsashi, za mu iya cimma sassan ƙasa zuwa kusan 3mm dogara, amma turawa zuwa 2mm? A nan ne fasahar ke shigowa. Yana buƙatar cikakkiyar ƙirar ƙira (kusurwoyin da ba za a iya sasantawa ba), da kuma sarrafa, da sauri don cika rami kafin ƙarfe ya fara daskare a cikin waɗannan sassan masu laushi. Mun rasa wani tsari sau ɗaya akan samfurin famfo impeller-kyakkyawan tsari, amma ainihin kwafin ya ɗan yi ƙasa kaɗan. Yayin zubowa, ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen bakin karfen narkakkar ya ɗaga ainihin abin da ke cikin, yana daidaita sassan ciki. Natsuwa, rashin ƙarfi mai tsada wanda ya koya mana wuce gona da iri na injiniyoyi don ƙara kuzari.
Sannan akwai takura kayan. Shell molds suna da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali ga ferrous gami - simintin ƙarfe, ƙarfe na carbon, maki mara kyau. Amma lokacin da kuka yi tsalle zuwa superalloys tare da yanayin zafi a arewacin 1500 ° C, girgizar zafin jiki akan harsashi yana da muni. Mun canza zuwa gashin fuska na tushen silica mai hade don jerin nickel tushen gami abubuwan da aka gyara, wanda ya taimaka, amma ya gabatar da sabuwar matsala: harsashi ya zama mai raguwa. Dole ne a sake yin tunani gabaɗaya tsarin sarrafa kayan aiki daga ɓata lokaci zuwa zubowa gaba ɗaya. Babu wani littafi da ya kunshi cewa; ilimin kabilanci ne a kasa.
Yin Simintin Zuba Jari: Binciken Gaskiyar Kakin Kakin Da Ya Bace
Zuba jari shine ɗan fosta don daidaito, kuma saboda kyakkyawan dalili. Kwafiyar ƙirar kakin zuma ita ce inda aka haifi amincin. Amma kalmar 'ɓataccen kakin zuma' yana kusan sihiri, kuma yana ɓoye adadin matakan da haƙuri zai iya zubar da jini. Matsakaicin allurar kakin zuma-zazzabi, matsa lamba, lokacin riƙewa-kai tsaye yana shafar ƙima da ingancin saman. Tsarin da ya yi kama da cikakke zai iya raguwa daban-daban yayin aikin zuba jari, yana jefar da mahimmanci.
Muna amfani da shi sosai don ɓangarorin da ba za su yuwu a iya na'ura ta tattalin arziƙi ba-tunanin haɗaɗɗun ruwan injin turbin tare da tashoshi masu sanyaya ciki, ko samfuran dasa magunguna tare da sifofin halitta. Daidaiton girman girman yana da kyau, yawanci yana riƙe +/- 0.005 inci kowace inch. Amma wannan yana ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi. Darasi ɗaya mai wuyar koyo: zafi na yanayi a ranar da kuka gina harsashi yumbu. Yayi tsayi da yawa, kuma matakan da suka biyo baya ba sa bushewa kuma ba su bushewa yadda ya kamata; harsashi na iya zama mai rauni. Ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma yadudduka na iya warkewa da sauri, yana haifar da damuwa. Yanzu muna da ikon kula da yanayi a cikin ɗakin ginin harsashi, wani babban kuɗaɗen da ba za a iya sasantawa ba wanda ya biya kansa cikin raguwar tarkace.
Tsarin dewaxing wani lokaci ne mai mahimmanci. Autoclave vs. walƙiya wuta? Kowannensu yana da cancanta. Don manyan alamu tare da sassan kauri, mun fi son zagayowar autoclave mai sarrafawa don narkar da kakin zuma ba tare da fashe koren harsashi ba. Amma ga lallausan sifofi masu sirara da katanga, zafin zafin wuta na iya yin muni sosai. Mun fashe gabaɗayan bishiyar maƙallan sararin samaniya sau ɗaya ta hanyar yin muni sosai tare da matsi na autoclave. Kakin zuma bai zube da sauri ba, ya faɗaɗa, kuma… pop. A shiru, yumbu crunch wanda ke nufin makonni na bata lokaci. Yanzu, ga kowane sabon taro na kakin zuma, muna gudanar da ƙaramin harsashi na gwaji don buga ma'aunin lalata. Yana da hankali, amma yana ajiyewa.
Material Ba Takaddun Takaddun Takaddun Shaida ba ne kawai
Abokan ciniki suna aika da ƙayyadaddun bayanai: ASTM A351 CF8M ko Inconel 718. Wannan shine farkon tattaunawar, ba ƙarshen ba. Kowane alloy yana aiki kamar abu mai rai a cikin crucible da mold. Take bakin karfe. Chromium yana so ya oxidize, yana samar da slag wanda zai iya samun tarko a cikin simintin gyare-gyare idan ba a tsara tsarin gating ba don kiyaye zubar da ruwa da kuma fallasa ga iska. Muna amfani da tsawaita masu gudu da masu tace yumbu a matsayin daidaitattun yanzu, amma ya ɗauki ƴan batches tare da haɗaɗɗun ƙasa mara kyau don yin wannan doka.
Alloys na tushen Cobalt su ne dabba nasu. Fantastic lalacewa da juriya na lalata, mummunan ruwa. Suna samun mushy da sauri, don haka cika sassan bakin ciki shine tseren. Yawancin lokaci dole ne mu yi zafi fiye da yadda takardar keɓaɓɓiyar ta ba da shawarar, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar hatsi da hazo na carbide. Mafita? Saurin zubowa ta cikin tukwane masu zafi kuma wani lokacin har ma da dumama kayan kwalliyar. Yana ƙara sarƙaƙƙiya, amma ita ce hanya ɗaya tilo don samun cikar cikawa akan kujerar bawul, alal misali. Ba za ku iya zuba waɗannan kamar yadda kuke zuba baƙin ƙarfe ba.
Sannan akwai gaskiyar bayan yin wasan kwaikwayo. Mutane da yawa suna ɗaukan ɓangaren simintin gyaran kafa ya ƙare. Da kyar. Kusan komai yana zuwa sashen mu na CNC. Simintin gyare-gyaren yana samar da sifar cibiyar sadarwa ta kusa, amma injin ɗin yana samar da daidaitaccen aiki na ƙarshe - zaren, filayen rufewa, ƙarancin haƙuri. Wannan shi ne inda synergy a wani wuri kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) yana da ma'ana. Samun yin simintin gyare-gyare da injina a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya yana nufin ƙungiyar mashin ɗin za ta iya ciyar da baya zuwa wurin da aka samo asali: Wannan shugaba koyaushe yana da kauri 0.5mm sosai, yana barin haja da yawa don mu cirewa, ko Simintin simintin da aka yi a cikin wannan aljihu yana da kyau sosai za mu iya tsallake hanyar wucewa. Wannan madaidaicin amsa, wanda aka gina sama da shekaru 30, shine inda aka ƙirƙira daidaito na gaskiya.
CNC: Abokin Hulɗa, Ba Ma'aikatan Tsabtatawa ba
Da yake magana game da CNC, ba tunani ba ne; wani muhimmin bangare ne na daidaitattun daidaito. Dole ne a tsara wuraren datum ɗin da aka kafa akan tsarin simintin gyare-gyare tare da na'urar sarrafa kayan aiki a hankali. Mun matsa zuwa 3D-bugu na gyara samfuri don gwada wannan mu'amala kafin yanke karfe. Sashin simintin gyare-gyare mai kyau ba shi da amfani idan ba za a iya riƙe shi amintacce don yin inji ba tare da murdiya ba.
Don kayan kamar duplex bakin karfe ko taurin kayan aiki, sigogin injina bayan simintin gyare-gyare suna da mahimmanci. Maganin zafi daga tsarin simintin gyare-gyare yana rinjayar machinability. Mu sau da yawa muna yin laushi mai laushi kafin yin injina, sannan za mu yi maganin zafi na ƙarshe zuwa ƙayyadaddun bayanai, sannan kuma wucewar ƙare haske. Rawar mataki uku ce tsakanin murhu da cibiyar injin. Ƙoƙarin injin simintin simintin gyare-gyare, mai tauri karfe bangaren shine hanya mai kyau don ƙona abubuwan da aka saka da shigar da damuwa a cikin ɓangaren.
Haƙiƙanin ƙimar ƙima yana cikin sarrafa sifofin simintin da ba za a iya sarrafa su ba. Kwanan nan muna da nau'i-nau'i tare da hanyoyin shiga ciki waɗanda ba za su yuwu a haƙawa ba. Ta hanyar zuba jari, mun kafa sassan. Sa'an nan, ta yin amfani da haɗin 5-axis CNC da EDM, mun ƙirƙiri flanges da haɗin tashar jiragen ruwa tare da cikakkiyar daidaituwa ga waɗancan sassan simintin. Simintin gyare-gyaren ya ba da damar rikitarwa; CNC ya ba da damar dubawa zuwa ainihin duniya.
Rashin gazawa wurin bayanai ne
Ba za ku yi kyau a wannan ba tare da karya abubuwa ba. Abubuwa da yawa. Manufar ba shine don guje wa gazawa ba, amma don tabbatar da hakan ta hanyar sarrafawa, da bayanai. Muna gudanar da bincike-binciken labari na farko wanda ke lalata iyaka - yanke samfurin simintin gyare-gyare don auna kaurin bangon ciki, bincika ƙananan porosity tare da mai shiga rini akan filaye marasa mahimmanci, yin gwaje-gwajen lanƙwasa akan sandunan gwajin simintin daban.
Batu ɗaya mai tsayin daka shine ƙananan raguwa a cikin sassa masu nauyi kusa da bangon bakin ciki. Maganin ba a cikin tsari ba; ya kasance a cikin ƙirar riser da kuma yin amfani da padding exothermic don sarrafa ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Mun koyi hakan daga gidan famfo da ya gaza. Gwajin matsa lamba ya wuce, amma X-ray ya nuna wani yanki mai rauni wanda zai kasa gajiya. Wannan ya haifar da daidaitaccen bita na ƙirar wuyan mai ciyar da mu don nau'ikan geometries iri ɗaya.
A karshe, daidaitaccen simintin gyaran kafa game da sarrafawa da tsinkaya. Yana da game da sanin cewa idan kun bi ƙayyadaddun tsarin hadaddiyar giyar-wannan gaurayar kakin zuma, girke-girke na harsashi, wannan zub da zafin jiki don wannan gami, wannan tsarin machining-zaku sami wani ɓangare a cikin ambulaf ɗin da za'a iya faɗi. Ba zai taɓa zama cikakke ba, amma yana da kyakkyawan abin dogaro. Kuma wannan abin dogaro, wanda aka haife shi daga shekaru talatin na magance matsaloli irin waɗanda ke sama, shine ke raba ɓangaren da ke aiki da ɓangaren da ke dawwama. Kamfanonin da suka ƙare, kamar QSY, sun fahimci wannan zurfin, wani lokacin m, aiwatar da ilimin da kuke saya da gaske, ba kawai fayil ɗin CAD ya juya ya zama ƙarfe ba.
