Lokacin da wani ya ambata Farashin 800, Abu na farko da sau da yawa yakan zo a hankali shine takardar bayanansa: kyakkyawan ƙarfin zafi mai kyau, juriya mai kyau na lalata, ƙaƙƙarfan nickel-iron-chromium gami. Amma a cikin kantin sayar da kayan aiki da machining, wannan shine kawai wurin farawa. Ainihin labarin yana cikin tazarar da ke tsakanin ƙayyadaddun bayanai da sautin guntuwa, baƙar zafi, da tsagewar lokaci-lokaci, mai takaici. Na ga ƙira da yawa suna ɗaukar shi kamar maye gurbin 304H ko 825, kuma a nan ne ciwon kai ya fara.
Matsalolin Casting: Fluidity vs. Mutunci
Yin wasan kwaikwayo Farashin 800, musamman ta hanyar hanyar saka hannun jari, shine inda zaku raba ka'idar daga aiki. Alloy yana da kunkuntar daskarewa, wanda ke da kyau don rage girman porosity, amma danko lokacin da narkakkar na iya zama mai wahala. Ba za ku sami sauƙi na wasu karafan carbon ba. A cikin matakan ƙirar harsashi a Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), mun koyi daidaita yanayin zafin zafin jiki a kan gyare-gyaren da ƙarfi. Zuba abin da littafin koyarwa ya ce sau da yawa yana haifar da rufewar sanyi a cikin sassan sassa na rikiɗaɗɗen sassa, kamar ƙaƙƙarfan kayan aikin thermowell ko nozzles da muke samarwa akai-akai.
Tsarin tsarin gating ya zama mahimmanci. Ba wai kawai game da isar da ƙarfe ba; game da sarrafa tsarin ƙarfafawa don ciyar da sashin ƙarshe don ƙarfafawa. Mun taɓa samun gunkin tallafin bututu wanda ke ci gaba da nuna ƙananan porosity a mahadar flange-to-tube. An haɗu da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, amma X-ray ya ba da labari na daban. Gyaran ba shine babban canjin sinadarai ba; yana sake fasalin shimfidar mai gudu da mai tashi don ƙirƙirar ƙarin ƙarfafawa zuwa ga mai tashi. Ya kara wani nauyi ga simintin, wanda abokin ciniki ya fara tambaya, amma ya kawar da gazawar filin. Wannan shine cinikin.
Sannan akwai oxide. Abubuwan da ke cikin chromium da aluminium na nufin iskar oxide mai ƙarfi tana yin sauri. Idan harsashin ku ba ya bushe sosai ko yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi, kuna haɗarin kama wannan fim ɗin oxide a cikin simintin, ƙirƙirar ingantaccen wurin farawa don fashewa a ƙarƙashin keken zafi. Aibi ne shiru. Kuna iya gwada gwajin matsa lamba a cikin ɗaki, amma zai nuna fuskar sa bayan ƴan watanni a cikin sabis. Ayyukanmu yanzu sun haɗa da iko mai ƙarfi a kan raɓa a cikin ɗakin stucco kuma wani lokacin har ma da ɗan ƙaramin tweak zuwa aikin deoxidizer a cikin ladle, ko da yake dole ne ku yi hankali kada ku shafi wasu kaddarorin.
Machining: Lalaucin yaudara
A kan takarda, Farashin 800 ba shi da wuyar gaske. Amma duk wani mashin ɗin da aka ɗauko masa sabon yankan ya san yana yaƙin baya daban da bakin karfe. Yana da mummunan hali don yin aiki-tauri, kuma ba daidai ba. Kuna iya yanke kyakkyawan yanke, sannan ku buga tabo inda kayan suke da ƙarfi, kuma ƙimar shigar ku ta ƙare da wuri. Mun yi yawa post-simintin CNC machining a QSY, juya bawul gawa, milling flanges. Makullin da muka samo shine daidaito: daidaitaccen abinci, daidaitaccen zurfin yanke, babu wurin zama.
Coolant ba kawai don sanyaya a nan ba; shi ne don a hana wannan aikin-tauraruwar aiki daga ginawa. Amma dole ne ku yi amfani da nau'in da ya dace. Mun koma daga mike mai zuwa high-yi roba emulsions tare da mafi kyau lubricity. Manufar ita ce a cire guntu cikin sauri kuma a kiyaye yanayin zafin yankin da aka yanke. Bari ya yi zafi sosai, kuma gaɓoɓin alloy ɗin yana da alama yana ƙaruwa, yana tauna har ma da maki na carbide da ake nufi don manyan allurai.
Geometry na kayan aiki yana da mahimmanci fiye da daidaitattun ƙarfe. Kyakkyawan rake, kaifi mai kaifi, da guntuwar da aka ƙera don kayan kirtani ba za a iya sasantawa ba. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya tun da wuri, samar da kyawawan abubuwan da suka ƙare waɗanda ke ɓoye ƙananan karaya daga girgizar kayan aiki saboda muna amfani da rake mara kyau don ƙarfi. Sassan sun wuce dubawa amma sun gaza a gwajin fashewar damuwa. Binciken gazawar ya nuna daidai ga amincin saman da aka ƙera. Yanzu, mun ƙayyade dabarun hanyar kayan aiki tare da kayan aiki da kansa don mahimmanci Farashin 800 aka gyara.
The Heat Magani Tightrope
Kowa ya san warware matsalar annealing misali ne ga Farashin 800 don narke carbides kuma a dawo da wannan ductility. Yawan kiran kira shine mafi ƙarancin 1100°C, mai saurin sanyi. Amma cikin sauri shine kalmar aiki. A cikin yanayin shago, menene ma'anar sauri? Rashin ruwa? Don sassan bakin ciki, watakila. Amma don yin simintin gyare-gyare mai kauri ko tubalan injina, quenching ruwa yana gabatar da nasa matsalolin zafi. Muna da sassan da suka karkace, ba yawa ba, amma sun isa mu cire madaidaicin fuskar hatimi.
Mun ƙara matsawa zuwa ga kashe tilas-iska don yawancin abubuwan haɗin gwiwarmu. Yana da hankali, eh, wanda ke nufin kuna yin kwarkwasa da hazo carbide idan ba ku yi hankali ba. Don haka dole ne ku sarrafa lokaci daga tanderu zuwa quench, kuma iska ya zama iri ɗaya. Mun shigar da keɓaɓɓen tashar kashe iska ta tilas don aikin haɗin gwal ɗinmu mai zafi. Saka hannun jari ne, amma ya rage yawan tarkacen mu daga gurɓacewar maganin zafi da sama da 70% na waɗannan kayan. Wani lokaci gyaran tsari yana da daraja fiye da kayan maye.
Sauran nuance shine rage damuwa. Ga sassan da ke fama da injina mai nauyi, matsakaicin sassaucin danniya a kusan 900°C na iya hana motsi yayin ƙarewar ƙarshe. Amma dole ne ku rubuta wannan matakin a fili. Mun taɓa jigilar ɗimbin simintin gyare-gyare masu yawa waɗanda aka warware su, na'ura mai ƙaƙƙarfan inji, an kawar da damuwa, sannan a gama injina. Mai binciken abokin ciniki ya ga zazzafan zafafan zafafan zafafan biyu kuma ya nuna shi a matsayin karkacewa. Dole ne mu samar da micrographs da taswirorin tauri a duk faɗin ɓangaren don tabbatar da ƙaramin tsari na ƙarshe daidai kuma cewa tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin bai cutar da kaddarorin ba. Yaƙin aikin takarda ne akan daidaitaccen aikin shago.
Matsalolin walda da kerawa
Masu masana'anta suna son walda Farashin 800 da kanta ko ga carbon karfe. Yana da walƙiya, tabbas, tare da madaidaicin filler (kamar INCO-Weld 82/182). Amma pre-zafi da tsaka-tsakin zafin jiki ana yawan gogewa. Wannan ba ƙaramin ƙarfe ba ne. Bari ya yi sanyi sosai tsakanin wucewa, kuma kuna haɗarin fashewa a cikin HAZ. Muna samar da kayan aikin simintin gyare-gyare masu yawa waɗanda ke yin walda cikin tsarin bututun. Fakitin bayanan mu yanzu sun haɗa da takardar aikin walda da aka ba da shawarar, ba don masana walda muke ba, amma saboda mun ga sake kiran da aka yi lokacin da ba daidai ba.
Babban batun shine walda mara kamanceceniya. Lokacin da kuke walda Farashin 800 zuwa carbon karfe, da carbon hijirarsa daga karfe gefen zuwa gami iya haifar da gaggautsa yankin. A cikin sabis na zafin jiki, wannan yanki na iya gazawa. Muna da shari'ar inda abokin ciniki ya weda hannun rigar simintin alloy thermocouple kai tsaye zuwa jirgin ruwan karfen carbon. An gudanar da shi har tsawon shekara guda, sa'an nan kuma ya fashe da wuri daidai a yatsan weld. Ƙarfe-ƙarfe ya nuna yaɗuwar carbon. Maganin ba mafi kyau waldi; ya kasance yana amfani da wani yanki na canji ko wani zane daban gaba ɗaya. Wani lokaci iyakokin kayan ba ya cikin kayan kansa ba, amma ta yadda yake mu'amala da duniya.
Maganin zafi bayan walda (PWHT) wani gwangwani ne na tsutsotsi. Kuna yi? Lambobin galibi suna buƙatar ta don tasoshin matsa lamba. Amma cikakken sake zagayowar PWHT na iya wuce shekaru Farashin 800 karfen tushe idan zafin jiki ya yi yawa ko kuma lokaci yayi tsayi, yana rage karfin sa. Rikici ne na yau da kullun tsakanin buƙatun ƙirƙira da aikin kayan aiki na dogon lokaci. Matsayinmu a yanzu shine ya bayyana sarai a cikin takardunmu: An shafe wannan bayani. Duk wani PWHT na gaba dole ne yayi la'akari da tasiri akan kaddarorin ƙarfe na tushe. Yana tura alhakin aikin injiniya zuwa ga mai ƙirƙira da ƙira, inda ya kamata ya kasance.
Sourcing da Kwatankwacin Tarkon
Ba duka ba Farashin 800 an halitta daidai. Ƙirƙirar ƙira tana da juriya, kuma inda wani abu ya faɗo a cikin wannan rukunin zai iya rinjayar aiki. Abubuwan da ke cikin aluminum da titanium, alal misali, suna da mahimmanci don kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci a babban zafin jiki. Muna samar da kayan haɗin gwiwar mu a hankali, kuma don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, mun ƙididdige ƙididdigar zafi don kasancewa cikin kewayon da ya fi ƙarfin, musamman ga aluminum. Ya fi tsada, amma yana siyan tsinkaya.
Kasuwar tana cike da madaidaitan allurai, galibi daga sabbin injina. Suna iya saduwa da ƙayyadaddun ASTM B409 akan takarda, amma abubuwan ganowa da aikin narkewa sun bambanta. Mun gwada guda ɗaya irin wannan daidai don madaidaicin abin dumama mara mahimmanci. Ya yi kyau, an yi shi da kyau. Amma a cikin sabis a kusa da 800 ° C, ya nuna ƙarin sikelin iskar shaka fiye da abin da muka saba da shi bayan lokaci guda. Mai laifi? Wataƙila abubuwan gano abubuwa kamar magnesium ko calcium suna shafar mannewar oxide. Ba gazawa ba ne, amma ba shi da kyau. Mun tsaya tare da sanannen mai samar da mu don sassan da kwanciyar hankali na saman ke da mahimmanci.
Wannan shine inda abokin tarayya na dogon lokaci a cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki ke da mahimmanci. Kamfanin kamar QSY, wanda ke da shekaru talatin a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da kuma sarrafa kayan aiki na musamman, ba kawai sayen karfe ba ne; muna siyan tarihin daidaitaccen aiki daga masana'antar mu. Mun gina sigogin tsarin mu a kusa da halayen takamaiman maki. Canjawa zuwa wanda ba a san daidai ba yana sake saita duk abin da aka koya zuwa sifili, yana gabatar da haɗari. A gare mu, amincin sashin ƙarshe na abokin ciniki yana da ƙimar ƙimar a gaban gaba. Yana da ƙasa da farashin kayan a kowace kilo kuma ƙari game da jimlar farashin gazawar a filin.
Tunani Na Karshe: Zabin Injiniya
Haka ne Farashin 800 abu mai kyau? Lallai. Dokin aiki ne don dalili - a cikin bututun gyara, masu musayar zafi, abubuwan tanderu. Amma ba kaya ba ne. Kayan aikin injiniya ne wanda ke buƙatar tsari na injiniya. Ƙimar sa ba kawai a cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da shi ba, amma ta yadda kowane mataki daga narke zuwa ƙare ana sarrafa shi tare da fahimtar abubuwansa.
Ƙwarewar gaske, a ganina, ta ta'allaka ne ga sanin lokacin da za a yi amfani da shi da kuma yadda za a ƙayyade shi don aikin. Ba koyaushe ne amsar ba. Don ƙarin yanayi masu lalata, za ku iya buƙatar 825 ko 625. Don ƙarfin zafin jiki mai tsabta mai tsabta, watakila 800H ko 801. Amma don wannan wuri mai dadi na matsakaicin zafin jiki, yanayin carburizing / oxidizing, da kuma ƙirƙira mai kyau, yana da wuya a doke. Dabarar ita ce mutunta halinta.
A ƙarshe, yin aiki tare da waɗannan kayan shine ci gaba da tattaunawa tsakanin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari, tsari, da yanayin sabis na ainihi. Babu autopilot. Kowane tsari, kowane sabon juzu'i na lissafi, ɗan sake gyarawa ne. Wannan shine abin da ke kiyaye shi mai ban sha'awa, kuma a zahiri, abin da ke kiyaye inganci a cikin sassan da suka ƙare a cikin tsire-tsire masu gudana shekaru da yawa. Ba za ku iya yin oda kawai ba Farashin 800 kashe gidan yanar gizon; dole ne ku gina shi, kuma ku gina da shi, tare da buɗe idanunku ga cikakkun bayanai.
