Lokacin da kuka fara jin 'kudin simintin saka hannun jari akan kilogiram ɗaya,' yana da jaraba ku yi tunanin akwai daidaitaccen katin ƙima a wurin. Nima ina tunanin haka. Gaskiyar ta fi muni. Wannan adadi ba farashi ba ne; shi ne ƙarshen ƙarshen dozin masu canji, kuma ambato zalla akan kowane kilo ba tare da mahallin ba shine yadda ayyukan ke tafiya ta gefe cikin sauri. Mafarin tattaunawa ne, ba amsa ba.
Inda Kalmomin Per Kg Ya Faduwa
Bari mu fitar da zahirin gaskiya. Ee, farashin kayan abu ne babban direba. kilogiram na bakin karfe 304 da kilogiram na Inconel 718? Bambancin farashi na ɗanyen alloy yana da yawa. Amma idan kuna kallon wannan kawai, kun riga kun ɓace. Haqiqa farashin yana farawa da sifar da kuke ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar. Sauƙaƙe, ƙwanƙwasa mai ƙarfi zai sami bambanci sosai kudin simintin zuba jari a kowace kg idan aka kwatanta da sirara mai bango, rikitaccen ruwan turbine mai nauyin ƙarshe ɗaya. Ruwan ruwa yana cinye ƙarin kayan harsashi na yumbu, yana da haɗari mafi girma na fashewar harsashi, yana buƙatar ƙarin daidaitaccen kayan aikin kakin zuma, kuma sau da yawa yana ganin ƙima mafi girma. Farashin kowane kilogram na ɓangaren hadaddun na iya zama ninki biyu ko sau uku na mai sauƙi, har ma da abu iri ɗaya.
Sannan akwai ƙarar oda. Wannan shi ne inda sababbin shiga suka taru. Farashin naúrar don gudanar da samfur na yanki 50 na sararin samaniya ne idan aka kwatanta da odar samar da yanki 10,000. The fixed costs—designing the wax die, setting up the process parameters, first-article inspection—get amortized over the total units. Don ƙananan batches, da kudin simintin zuba jari a kowace kg Wadannan saitin da kokarin injiniya ne suka mamaye su, ba karfe ba. Na ga ƙididdiga inda farashin kowane-kg na ƙaramin gudu ya yi yawa ya tsorata abokan ciniki, amma lokacin da muka sake ƙididdige ƙarar girma, ya zama gasa tare da ƙirƙira. Dole ne a fara warware tambayar girma.
Ƙarshe shine mai kashe kasafin kuɗi na shiru. As-cast? Haske grit fashewa? Cikakken CNC machining zuwa m haƙuri? Kowanne yana ƙara nau'ikan farashi waɗanda basu da alaƙa da nauyin simintin. Wani sashi na iya fitowa daga harsashi a daidai kudin simintin zuba jari a kowace kg, amma idan yana buƙatar mashigin axis guda biyar akan kowane farfajiya, ƙimar ɓangaren ƙarshe yana cikin injin, ba simintin gyare-gyare ba. Shagon da ke yin duka biyun, kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), yana da fa'ida anan. Suna iya ganin tsarin gaba ɗaya daga kakin zuma zuwa ɓangaren da ya ƙare, wanda sau da yawa yana haifar da ƙira tweaks da wuri don rage yawan farashi, maimakon ingantawa kawai don matakin simintin.
Boye Levers: Kakin zuma, Shell, da Haɓakawa
Kakin kayan aiki fasaha ne. Mutuwar aluminium mai rahusa, mai rahusa ɗaya na iya yin aiki ga ƴan guda ɗari. Don hadaddun geometries ko babban kundin, kuna buƙatar rami mai yawa, mataccen ƙarfe ya mutu. Wannan saka hannun jari na kayan aiki na farko na iya zama dubun-dubatar, amma yana rage tsadar farashin kakin zuma na raka'a. Zaɓin a nan yana ciyarwa kai tsaye zuwa ƙarshen ku kudin simintin zuba jari a kowace kg. Kuna daidaita shi akan tsari na farko, ko kuna shirin maimaitawa nan gaba? Mataki ne na dabara.
Tsarin ginin harsashi wani yanki ne na ɓoyayyun sauye-sauye. Daidaitaccen gashin fuska na zirconia-silica yana aiki don yawancin karafa. Amma ga gami masu amsawa kamar titanium ko waɗancan jerin manyan nickel superalloys QSY, kuna buƙatar ƙwararrun masu ɗaurewa da masu gyarawa. Wadannan kayan suna da tsada, kuma tsarin ya fi ƙarfin aiki. Farashin harsashi kowace naúrar na iya zama mafi girma 30-50% cikin sauƙi. Kuma idan harsashi ya kasa a lokacin dewaxing ko zuba? Wannan shine jimillar asarar duk wasu kuɗaɗen da aka jawo har zuwa wannan lokacin. Yawan amfanin ƙasa shine babban gwamnan farashi. Samar da kashi 90% tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa na 70% yana canza tattalin arzikin gabaɗayan aikin. Samun yawan amfanin ƙasa akan sassa masu sarƙaƙƙiya shine inda shekarun gwaninta, kamar tarihin shekaru 30 na QSY, ke biya. Ba wani abu bane da kuke samu a cikin littafin karatu.
Maganin zafi da gwaje-gwaje galibi ana yin su ne a cikin zance. Shin sashin yana buƙatar maganin maganin da kuma tsufa? Shin yana buƙatar 100% X-ray ko duba mai shiga rini? Waɗannan abubuwa ne na layi waɗanda ke ƙara farashin kowane sashi, ba kowane kilogram ba. Na taɓa yin aiki a kan madaidaicin sararin samaniya inda maganin zafi bayan simintin simintin gyare-gyare da kuma farashin NDT ya ƙare ya zama kashi 40% na jimlar kuɗin. The kudin simintin zuba jari a kowace kg don danyen simintin ya yi kyau, amma farashin kashi na ƙarshe bai yi ba. Dole ne ku keɓance duka ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Kwatancen Duniya na Haƙiƙa: Bangare Biyu, Nauyi ɗaya
Ga wani kwakkwaran misali daga ƴan shekarun baya. Muna da sassa biyu, duka suna ƙarewa a kusan kilogiram 1.2 a cikin 17-4 PH bakin karfe. Sashe na A ya kasance ƙaƙƙarfan, matsugunin bawul. Sashe na B ya kasance madaidaicin tsari mai nauyi tare da bakin haƙarƙari da ɗorawa masu hawa. Daga mahangar nauyin nauyin ƙarfe mai tsabta, sun kasance iri ɗaya.
Rushewar farashin Sashe na A ya kasance kai tsaye. Kayan aikin kakin zuma mai sauƙi (rago ɗaya, mutuƙar aluminum). Sauƙaƙe ginin harsashi tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaramar fashewa da mashin ɗin wasu fuskokin rufewa. Karshe kudin simintin zuba jari a kowace kg ya kasance m, kuma jimlar farashin sashi ya yi ma'ana.
Sashe na B ya kasance mafarki mai ban tsoro. Sirin haƙarƙari na buƙatar hadadden kakin zuma ya mutu tare da ciwuka masu cirewa. Ginin harsashi ya kasance mai wahala - kiyaye waɗannan sassan bakin ciki ba tare da hawaye masu zafi ba ƙalubale ne, rage yawan amfanin mu na farko zuwa 65%. Kowane bangare yana buƙatar injinan CNC mai yawa akan mashin ɗin. Kudin kowane kilogiram na simintin gyare-gyaren da kansa ya kusan sau 2.5 na Sashe na A. Aikin ya tsira ne kawai saboda mun yi aiki tare da mai tsarawa da mafarin gini (shagon da ke da rukunin mashin mai ƙarfi, kamar abin da za ku samu a ciki). Haɗin kayan aikin QSY) don ƙara ɗan ƙanƙara wasu haƙarƙari da daidaita geometry na lugga don sauƙin mashin ɗin. Mun yi cinikin ɗan kankanin nauyi don riba mai yawa a iya samarwa. Bangaren da aka bita kudin simintin zuba jari a kowace kg ya ragu da kusan 30%. Wannan shine nau'in haɗin gwiwar da ke bayyana aikin nasara.
Me yasa Haɗin Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayan Kayanka
Wannan yana kaiwa ga wani muhimmin batu. Samun cikakken hoto na farashi na gaskiya yana da matuƙar wahala lokacin da kuke ma'amala da katafaren gini na tsaye, wani shagon injuna daban, da mai maganin zafi na ɓangare na uku. Matsalolin sadarwa, saɓani na dabaru, da nuna yatsa lokacin da al'amura suka taso duk suna ƙara ɓoyayyun farashin ciniki. Wannan shi ne inda samfurin kamfani kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ya sa hankali. Samun simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi, simintin saka hannun jari, da injinan CNC a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaki ɗaya ba madaidaicin harsashi ba ne kawai.
Yana nufin masu aikin injin za su iya yin magana da masu yin ƙirar tun da wuri. Za su iya ba da shawarar ƙara milimita na hannun jari a wuri mai mahimmanci don tabbatar da tsaftacewa, ko bayar da shawarar canjin kusurwar da zai sa mai fitar da kakin zuma ya zama mai tsabta. Wadannan ƙananan tweaks a cikin tsarin ƙira-don-ƙira (DFM) suna da tasiri mai yawa akan ƙimar kayan ƙarshe da aminci. Adadin kuɗi ba koyaushe yana cikin ƙasa ba kudin simintin zuba jari a kowace kg a kan takardar ƙididdiga; suna cikin tarkace da aka kaucewa, da rage lokacin injina, da saurin juyowa gabaɗaya. Kuna biyan kuɗi don haɗin kai.
Kewayon kayansu, daga simintin ƙarfe har zuwa cobalt da nickel gami, kuma suna nuna matakin sarrafa tsari. Gudanar da waɗancan gami na musamman ba kawai game da samun tanderun da ke da zafi sosai ba. Yana da game da sanin yadda ake ƙofa da riser a gare su, wane tsarin harsashi don amfani da shi, da yadda ake sarrafa ƙarfi. Wannan ƙwarewar tana hana gazawar ƙarfe mai tsada. Ga mai siye, yana nufin za ku iya amincewa da abin da aka ambata kudin simintin zuba jari a kowace kg don wani ɓangare na superalloy ya dogara ne akan ainihin, ƙwarewa mai tauri, ba zato mai bege ba.
Kewayawa Quote: Tambayoyin da za a Yi
Don haka, lokacin da kuke kimanta ƙima dangane da farashin kowane kilogram, menene ya kamata ku tono? Na farko, bayyana tushen. Shin wannan farashi ne don yanayin simintin simintin, ko ya haɗa da daidaitaccen gamawa? Menene adadin odar da aka ɗauka? An haɗa farashin kayan aiki ko keɓance?
Na biyu, tambaya game da zato yawan amfanin ƙasa. Shagon sanannen zai sami yawan amfanin ƙasa bisa ga sashin lissafi da abu. Idan ba za su ba ku lamba ba, ku yi hankali. Ƙimar ƙarancin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine alamar ja don rashin kwanciyar hankali. Na uku, a fito fili jera duk buƙatun yin simintin. Samo ra'ayoyin daban don maganin zafi, NDT, da injina. Wannan nuna gaskiya yana ba ku damar ganin inda ainihin kuɗin ke tafiya.
A ƙarshe, shiga cikin DFM. Mafi arha kudin simintin zuba jari a kowace kg sau da yawa yakan zo daga ƙira mai mutunta ƙarfi da gazawar tsarin. Aika zanen ku zuwa ga mai iyawa, hadedde mai kaya da wuri. Ra'ayinsu game da daidaiton kauri na bango, daftarin kusurwoyi, da haɓaka fasalin na iya ƙara mako guda zuwa tsarin lokaci amma yana iya adana 20% akan jimillar farashi. Yana juya binciken farashi mai sauƙi zuwa haɗin gwiwa, wanda shine ainihin yadda kuke sarrafa farashi a cikin wannan kasuwancin. Lambar kowace kg ita ce kawai ƙofar da kuke shiga don fara wannan tattaunawar.
