Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'ɓataccen simintin alluminium', suna yin hoton wani yanki mara aibi, kusa da siffa, a shirye don tafiya. Wannan shine mafarkin talla. Gaskiyar, wanda kawai kuke koya a kan kantin sayar da kayayyaki, shine tattaunawa akai-akai tsakanin ruwa, raguwa, da kuma bin tsarin ciki mai kyau. Ba wai kawai yin siffa ba ne; game da aikin injiniya ne taron ƙarfafawar kanta. Da yawa suna ɗaukarsa kamar baƙar fata ko, mafi muni, wani abu kawai akan jerin sayayya. Gaskiyar ita ce, idan ba ku tunani game da tsarin hatsi daga lokacin da kuka tsara tsarin kakin zuma, kun riga kun kasance a baya.
Muhimmin Ra'ayin Kuskure: Duk Game da Daidaiton Girman Girma Ne
Sabbin abokan ciniki, har da wasu ƙwararrun injiniyoyi, sun shigo cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun haƙuri. Suna son girman madaidaicin simintin saka hannun jari ya shahara da shi. Kuma tabbas, don madaidaicin sashi, wannan shine manufa ta farko. Amma tare da aluminium, musamman ga sassan da ke ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi ko na inji, tattaunawar ta canza. Ainihin darajar da rasa kakin zuma tsari don aluminum ba wai kawai yana iya ɗaukar haƙurin +/- 0.005 ba. Yana da cewa za ku iya rinjayar yadda karfe ya daskare. Kuna iya jagorantar raguwa zuwa mai ciyarwa, ba bango mai mahimmanci ba. Bambancin ke tsakanin sashin da yake daidai da wanda yake dawwama.
Na tuna wani aiki don tudun gidaje marasa matuƙa. Tsarin CAD yana da kyau, tare da bangon bakin ciki da hadaddun tashoshi na ciki don sanyaya. Samfuran na farko sun fito da kamala. An wuce cak ɗin CMM tare da launuka masu tashi. Amma a gwajin jijjiga, sun yi kasa a gindi - karaya mai rauni. Matsalar? The aluminum simintin gyaran kafa yana da ƙarfi sosai, yana ƙirƙira tsarin hatsi na columnar daidai a wurin damuwa. Geometry ya ƙarfafa shi. Dole ne mu koma, ba zuwa shirin CNC ba, amma ga ƙirar itacen kakin zuma. Mun ƙara hushin sanyi da hankali a cikin harsashi yumbu a takamaiman wurare don haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayar hatsi a can. Ya ƙara kwanaki biyu zuwa matakin ƙirar, amma ya canza ɓangaren daga ɗan takara mai juzu'i zuwa ingantaccen abin dogaro.
Wannan shi ne inda kafuwar ma'auni ke tuntuɓe. Za su ƙusa ƙarshen saman amma sun rasa ƙarfe. Kamfanin da ya sami wannan, kamar QSY (Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.), ba kawai sayar da simintin gyare-gyare ba; suna sayar da tsari mai ƙarfi mai sarrafawa. Tare da asalinsu a cikin gami na musamman, sun fahimci cewa kula da thermal shine komai, ko kuna zubo superalloys ko A356 aluminum. Wannan tunanin yana da mahimmanci.
Matsayin Kakin Kakin: Inda Aka Yi Nasara Da Yaƙin (ko Rasa)
Komai yana rataye akan tsarin kakin zuma. Ingancinsa, daidaitonsa, zazzabi yayin taro. Ƙaramin dinki, ɗan bambanci a cikin matsa lamba na allura-wadannan ba kawai suna shafar ƙarewar saman ba; suna haifar da rauni mai rauni a cikin harsashi yumbu wanda zai iya haifar da gudu ko fins yayin zubarwa. Muna gudanar da kakin zumanmu a ɗan ƙaramin zafi fiye da yadda littafin ya nuna. Yana gudana mafi kyau a cikin cikakkun bayanai na mold, yana rage tashin hankali, kuma yana ba da tsari mai yawa. Kasuwancin kashewa ya fi tsayin lokacin zagayowar kuma ƙarin kulawa a hankali. Amma ga sassa masu rikitarwa, ba za a iya sasantawa ba.
Taruwa, ko itace, wata fasaha ce. Yadda kuke karkatar da alamu, diamita na kakin zuma sprue-wannan yana nuna kwararar narkakkar aluminum. Kuna son ci gaba, cike da natsuwa, ba fashewar tashin hankali ba. Na ga zubar da ruwa ya lalace saboda bishiyar tana da tsayi sosai, wanda hakan ya sa karfen ya tashi a tsakiya ya kama iskar gas a cikin kogon waje. Yanzu, muna zana bishiyoyi tare da shimfidar wuri kaɗan. Yana da alama maras muhimmanci, amma yana ƙarfafa cikawa a hankali. Yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙanana, cikakkun bayanai marasa ban sha'awa waɗanda ba za ku samu a cikin littafin karatu ba, waɗanda aka haife su daga kallon ɗaruruwan zubo da yankan buɗaɗɗen.
Sarrafa yanayin kakin zuma yaƙi ne akai-akai. Danshi a lokacin rani na iya haifar da alamu ga gumi, wanda ke haifar da al'amuran mannewa harsashi. Mun sami gunkin maƙallan sararin samaniya sau ɗaya inda harsashi ya ci gaba da fashe yayin yankewa. Ya ɗauki mako guda don gano shi zuwa ga dabara, canjin yanayi a cikin abun cikin polymer na kakin zuma daga mai siyar da mu, wanda ya canza ƙimar haɓakar haɓakar zafi. Zagayen autoclave ya kasance mai tsauri ga wannan tsari. Yanzu, muna gudanar da ƙaramin harsashi na gwaji akan kowane sabon isar da kakin zuma. Yana da wahala, amma mai rahusa fiye da gazawar sarrafa kayan aiki cikakke.
Shell: Ceramic Ba kawai yumbu ba
Yawancin ƙayyadaddun bayanai kawai suna kira ga tushen tushen tushen zircon da madaidaicin silica. Wannan shine daidaitaccen littafin wasan kwaikwayo. Amma shaidan yana cikin zagayowar tsomawa da stucco gradation. Don simintin simintin aluminium mai katanga, kuna buƙatar harsashi mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya jure matsin ƙarfe amma mai yuwuwa don barin iska ta fita. Riguna masu yawa da yawa, kuma kuna haɗarin porosity gas; kaɗan ne, kuma kuna haɗarin karayar harsashi ko zafi mai zafi akan simintin.
Mun matsa zuwa wani tsari da aka gyara don aikin mu na aluminium mai inganci. Muna amfani da mafi kyawun stucco mai raga 200 don riguna na biyu da na uku maimakon tsalle-tsalle kai tsaye zuwa ƙaƙƙarfan abu. Yana gina ƙarin kauri iri ɗaya kuma mafi kyawun ƙarewa a cikin wuraren da aka yi zurfi. Har ila yau, mun gano, yana rage jijiyoyi - waɗanda ke daɗaɗɗen fins ɗin yumbu masu banƙyama waɗanda ke karye kuma suna shiga cikin farfajiyar simintin gyaran kafa. Yana ƙara ƙarin sake zagayowar tsomawa, don haka ya fi tsada, amma yana rage yawan lokacin kammala simintin. A kan gudu na sassa ɗari da yawa, lissafin yana aiki a cikin ni'imarmu.
Bushewa shine canjin shiru. Yin gaggawar bushewa tsakanin riguna shine mafi yawan ramuwa a cikin shago mai yawan aiki. Rashin cikar bushewa yana haifar da bawo mai yadudduka tare da ƙarancin haɗin kai tsakanin gashi. A lokacin zafi mai zafi mai zafi, matsa lamba na tururi daga ragowar danshi na iya lalata harsashi daga ciki. Mun kafa doka mai wuya: zafi na yanayi sama da 70%? Tsawaita awa 4 ta atomatik akan lokacin bushewa don duk riguna. Babu gardama. Ya rage jadawali amma ya kawar da duk wani nau'in gazawar harsashi mai ban mamaki.
Zuba: Fiye da Cika Mod kawai
Zuba aluminum a cikin a rasa simintin gyaran kafa tsari ba kamar cika gyambon yashi ba ne. Harsashin yumbu yana da zafi, a kusa da 1000 ° C, kuma karfe yana yin sanyi da sauri. Kuna da taga mai yiwuwa 10-15 seconds na ingantaccen ruwa don saka hannun jari na yau da kullun. Dole ne tsarin gating yayi aiki daidai. Kullum mukan yi zafi sosai. Ladle mai sanyi na iya sauke zafin ƙarfe 20-30°C daidai lokacin canja wuri, yana kashe ruwan sa kafin ya kai ga kofin sprue.
Zubawar kanta yakamata ta kasance mai ci gaba, tsayayyen rafi. Babu tsayawa, ba zubowa, ba glugging. Kuna son ci gaba da matsa lamba na ƙarfe don tura karfen zuwa mafi nisa na mold. Muna horar da ƙungiyar mu don kallon matsi na baya a cikin kofin sprue. Idan ya tashi da sauri, yana nufin ƙirar tana cike da tashin hankali. Wani lokaci, dole ne ku rage yawan zub da ruwa a tsakiyar rafi, wanda ke jin rashin fahimta. Yana da fasaha tactile. Na tsaya a can tare da sababbin masu fasaha, ina jagorantar su: Kuna jin haka? Kofin yana yin nauyi da sauri. Sauƙaƙe...yanzu tsayayye.
Bayan-zuba, mun kasance muna barin gyare-gyaren suyi sanyi a cikin iska mai iska. Babban kuskure ga wasu geometries. Mun sami matsala tare da zafi mai zafi akan sassa tare da canje-canje masu tsauri. Sassan siraran za su daɗa ƙarfi su yi kwangila, suna ja da narkakkar da ba a taɓa gani ba, sassa masu kauri. Yanzu, muna da akwatunan da aka rufe da vermiculite. Muna canja wurin gyare-gyare masu zafi kai tsaye a cikin su don sarrafawa, jinkirin sanyi. Yana ƙara wani mataki, amma ainihin maganin zafi ne wanda ke sauke waɗancan matsalolin. An warware kusan kashi 80% na matsalolin hawayenmu na dare.
Machining & Haɗin gwiwa tare da Shaguna Kamar QSY
Anan ne roba ta hadu da hanya. A cikakke aluminum zuba jari simintin gyaran kafa yana da kyau kamar shagon injin da ya gama shi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa samfurin wani tushe wanda kuma ke yin aikin injin CNC mai mahimmanci, kamar wanda kuke gani a ciki QSY aiki, yana da ƙarfi sosai. Sun fahimci dukan tafiyar. Lokacin da muka ƙirƙira simintin gyare-gyare, mun riga mun yi tunani game da matakan daidaitawa, izinin hannun jari, da yuwuwar damuwa na saura wanda zai iya murƙushe ɓangaren da zarar an matse shi kuma an yanke shi.
Akwai matsala ta al'ada: simintin gyare-gyare yana fitowa da kyawawan ma'auni, amma lokacin da mashin ɗin ya ɗauki matakin farko, yanayin yanayin ya canza ko masu magana da kayan aiki. Sau da yawa, ƙasƙanci ne na raguwar ƙasa ko yankin sanyi wanda binciken CMM bai taɓa taɓawa ba. Ƙididdiga wanda kawai simintin gyare-gyare zai zargi ma'aunin injin. Shagon inji wanda injina kawai zai zargi ingancin simintin. Dole ne mai bada haɗin kai tsaye ya warware shi a ciki. Za su iya daidaita mashin ɗin anomaly zuwa yanayin zafi ko harsashi kafin zafi daga wannan takamaiman tsari. Wannan madauki na martani yana da kima.
Alal misali, ƙwarewar QSY tare da cobalt mai ƙarfi da kayan aikin nickel suna fassara kai tsaye zuwa aluminum. Tunanin su shine game da cire kayan da ake iya tsinkaya daga babban madaidaicin madauri. Sun san cewa don simintin gyare-gyaren da aka ƙaddara don injin 5-axis, kuna iya buƙatar ƙara ƙarami, kushin hadaya a kan fuskar da ba ta da mahimmanci kawai don kwanciyar hankali yayin aikin injiniya, wani abu mai tsabta-wasa zai iya ƙi a matsayin abin da ba dole ba. Wannan hangen nesa na ƙarshe-zuwa-ƙarshen shine ke juya hanyar yin samfuri zuwa tsarin samarwa mai inganci. Ba kawai kuna siyan simintin gyare-gyare ba; kana siyan tabbacin cewa zai yi aiki da tsinkaya a ƙarƙashin kayan aikin yankan.
Tunani Na Ƙarshe: Tsari ne, Ba samfuri ba
Don haka, idan kun cire abu ɗaya, bari ya zama: rasa kakin aluminum simintin gyaran kafa sarkar matakai ne masu dogaro da juna. Haɓaka hanyar haɗin gwiwa ɗaya a keɓe sau da yawa yana karya wani. Kakin zuma yana shafar harsashi, harsashi yana rinjayar cika, cika yana rinjayar tsarin hatsi, kuma tsarin hatsi yana rinjayar duk abin da ya biyo baya. Nasarar ta zo ne daga kallonta azaman tsari guda ɗaya, mai ci gaba.
Kamfanonin da suka bunƙasa a cikin wannan sararin samaniya, waɗanda za ku iya dogara da su fiye da kawai zance mai sauƙi, su ne waɗanda suka shiga cikin wannan tsarin tunani. Suna da tabo daga gazawar da suka shuɗe — ɓarkewar harsashi, ɓangarori masu ɓarna, ɓangarorin injina—kuma sun gina ƙa’idojinsu a kan waɗannan darussan. Shafukan yanar gizon su, kamar na Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., na iya lissafa ayyuka kamar simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi da injinan CNC daban, amma ainihin ƙimar ita ce ta yadda ake tilasta musu haɗa su. Wannan shi ne abin da ke ba da sashin da ba kawai ya dace da bugu ba, amma yana aiki a cikin ainihin duniya. Yana da ɓarna, mai jujjuyawa, kuma cike da sasantawa. Amma idan ya danna, babu wata hanya mafi kyau don yin hadaddun, ɓangaren aluminum mai girma.
