Lokacin da yawancin jama'a suka ji 'samar da ƙarfe na foda', nan da nan sukan zana aikin latsa-da-sinter mai sauƙi - haɗa foda, danna shi zuwa siffar, sannan a gasa shi. Wannan ita ce hanya ta 101, amma gaskiyar da ke kan kanti, musamman lokacin da kuke haɗa waɗannan sassa zuwa manyan majalisai ko aikace-aikace masu buƙata, dabba ce ta daban. Ba wai kawai yin siffa ba ne; game da sarrafa gradients masu yawa ne, fahimtar yadda abubuwan da ke haɗa abubuwa ke yin hali a cikin foda da narke, da kuma ma'amala da abubuwan da suka biyo baya na sarrafa girman. Abokan ciniki da yawa suna zuwa mana a Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) tunanin PM shine sauyi mai arha don maye gurbin injina ko simintin gyare-gyare, kuma anan ne farkon farkon ciwon kai ya fara.
Tunanin Material: Ba Ƙarfe Ba Ne Kawai
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan canje-canje a cikin tunani shine kayan da kansa. Aiki tare da bakin karfe ko nickel tushen gami a cikin simintin saka hannun jarinmu da layin injin CNC yana ba ku takamaiman fahimta game da kwarara, raguwa, da lalacewa na kayan aiki. Tare da foda, wannan tunanin yana jujjuya shi. Rarraba girman barbashi, sifar (mai siffar zobe vs. mara ka'ida), da mai gauraye a ciki-dukkan su suna ba da izinin kwarara cikin mutuwa da ƙarfin kore na ƙarshe. Mun samo foda waɗanda suka yi kama da cikakke akan takaddun ƙayyadaddun amma sun ƙi gudana akai-akai, suna haifar da cika al'amura a cikin hadadden kayan aiki. Kuna koyon tambayar ainihin bayanan gwajin ƙimar kwarara, ba kawai takaddun shaida ba.
Sannan akwai alloying. A cikin narkewa, kuna samun cakuda mai kama. A ciki foda karafa samar, kana sau da yawa aiki tare da pre-alloyed powders ko yada- bonded wadanda. Bayanan martaba don cimma daidaitattun daidaituwa ba tare da karkatar da sashin ba shine tafiya mai tsauri. Don babban kayan sawa da muka yi samfura ta amfani da foda na tushen cobalt, daidaitaccen zagayowar sintirin ya haifar da haɓakar hatsi mai yawa a wasu sassan, yana kashe juriya. Dole ne mu koma baya mu yi aiki tare da mai samar da foda don tweak bayanin yanayin yanayin lokaci, ƙara saurin sanyaya matakin bayan-sinter. Waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe na kayan hannu ne littattafan karatun ke haskakawa.
Da kuma gurɓata—mai kisan kai shiru. Ƙananan adadin kayan waje ko oxidation yayin sarrafawa na iya haifar da rauni. Kwarewarmu a cikin tsaftar-daki-daki-daki matakai don simintin saka hannun jari ya sa mu damu game da wannan tun da wuri. Mun aiwatar da tashoshin sarrafa foda da aka keɓe, waɗanda suka yi kama da kisa har sai da muka gano ɓangarorin sassa tare da taurin da bai dace ba zuwa ga gurɓataccen akwati mai haɗawa. The samar da foda karafa shi ne game da kayan aiki da kuma kula da gida kamar yadda yake game da jarida.
The Tooling Tango: Inda ka'idar ta hadu da Wear
Kayan aiki shine inda tsada da rikitarwa ke ɓoye. Kowane mutum yana mai da hankali kan tonnage na latsawa, amma ƙirar mutuwa, juriya da juriya, da zaɓin kayan kayan aikin da kansu shine abin da ke yin ko karya aikin samarwa. Mun ƙirƙira da kera kayan aiki a cikin gida don simintin gyare-gyare da layukan mashin ɗinmu, don haka muka yi amfani da wannan tunanin zuwa PM. Babban kuskure da farko. Abrasiveness na karfe foda, musamman ma ƙarfi gami, tauna ta daidaitattun kayan aiki karafa da sauri fiye da yankan karfe a cikin Injin CNC aiki.
Mun koyi hanya mai wuya akan aiki mai tsawo don ɓangaren ƙarfe na tsari. Sandunan asali, waɗanda aka yi daga karfe na H13 na kowa, sun fara nuna lalacewa bayan zagayowar 20,000, wanda ke haifar da karuwa a hankali a cikin diamita - hukuncin kisa na haƙuri. Dole ne mu tsaya, sake tsarawa tare da abubuwan saka carbide don abubuwan lalacewa masu mahimmanci, kuma mu ci lokacin hutu. Yanzu, zaɓin kayan aiki shine farkon tattaunawa don kowane sabon aikin PM. Ba kayan haɗi ba ne; abu ne mai amfani tare da layin kai tsaye zuwa ingancin sashin ku da farashin kowane bangare.
Sauran nau'in kayan aiki shine fitarwa. Samun wani ɓangaren kore mai rauni daga cikin hadadden mutun ba tare da tsagewa ko lamuni ba fasaha ce. Adadin springback bayan compaction ya bambanta da yawa da gami. Mun sami sassan da aka matse da kyau amma sun wargaje kan fitar da su saboda mutun ɗin ba daidai ba ne don wannan ƙayyadaddun foda. Kuna haɓaka jin daɗin sa-wani lokaci ƙara rabin digiri na daftarin aiki ko ƙarewar ƙasa daban-daban akan bangon mutuwa yana haifar da duka. Wannan ba software bane da zaku iya kwaikwaya daidai gwargwado; gwaji ne, kuskure, da kuma lura a filin jarida.
Sintering: Black Box Wannan Ba
Ana ɗaukar sintering sau da yawa azaman matakin akwatin akwatin baƙar fata - sassan kaya, zagayowar gudu, saukewa. A haƙiƙanin gaskiya, shine zuciyar tsarin, inda ɓangarorin foda suka haɗa tare kuma aka haifi kaddarorin ƙarshe. Yanayin tanderun shine komai. Rage yuwuwar iskar iskar carbon a cikin iskar endothermic na iya lalata wani yanki na karfe, yana lalata taurinsa. Muna gudanar da mafi yawan vacuum ko tanda mai tsafta don aikin mu mai ƙarfi, wanda ke ƙara farashi amma sarrafawa.
Daidaiton yanayin zafi wani dabba ne. Wuri mai zafi na 10-15 ° C a cikin babban tanderu na iya haifar da raguwa daban-daban, yana warping sassan. Mun taba samun batch na karfe flanges suna fitowa tare da baka mai santsi. Bin sawun sa ya kai mu ga gazawar nau'in dumama da ke haifar da ƙarancin zafi. Yanzu, binciken tanderu na yau da kullun tare da ma'auratan thermal ba za a iya sasantawa ba. Abu ne mai kulawa wanda ke shafar amfanin gona kai tsaye.
Kuma yawan sanyaya - ba kawai kashewa ba ne. Ga wasu bakin karafa na martensitic, yawan sanyaya daga zafin zafin jiki yana ƙayyade taurin-sintered. Jinkirin da yawa, kuma kuna makale tare da wani yanki mai laushi wanda ke buƙatar maganin zafi na biyu, yana ƙara farashi da haɗarin ɓarna. Samun bayanin martabar sanyaya daidai a cikin tanderun da kanta babban ƙari ne. Wannan shine inda shekarun da suka gabata na aiwatar da thermal daga mu harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa da ayyukan jiyya na zafi sun ƙetare pollinated kai tsaye zuwa inganta ayyukan PM sintering.
Bayan Gudanarwa: Muguwar Labura
Da wuya wani ɓangaren PM ke fitowa daga bel ɗin da ke shirin jigilar kaya. Yawancin suna buƙatar wani nau'i na bayan sarrafawa. Wannan shi ne inda ainihin iyawar mu a ciki Injin CNC ya zama m. Machining wani sintered part ne daban-daban. Yana da ƙura, wanda zai iya zama mai girma don riƙe mai amma yana da muni don yankan rayuwar kayan aiki - yana da abrasive. Ba za ku iya amfani da ciyarwa iri ɗaya da sauri kamar kayan aikin da aka yi ba. Mun lalata abubuwan da aka saka da yawa kafin bugawa a daidaitattun sigogi, galibi muna zaɓar CBN ko kayan aikin lu'u-lu'u don dogon gudu akan kayan ƙarfe.
Ayyuka na biyu kamar ƙima (coining) ko maganin tururi sun zama gama gari. Maganin tururi don iskar shakawar iskar shaka da rufe sassa na tushen ƙarfe babban misali ne. Yana inganta juriya na lalata da matsa lamba, amma kuma yana canza girma kaɗan kuma yana ƙara ɓangarorin saman. Idan sashin yana buƙatar injina na gaba, dole ne ku yi shi kafin maganin tururi. Dole ne mu sake yin jerin ayyuka a lokuta da yawa bayan gano rashin haƙuri wanda ba za a iya samu bayan tururi ba. Yana tilasta muku yin tunanin dukan sarkar tsari daga zanen farko.
Ciwon ciki wani. Don sassan da ke ɗauke da matsi, galibi kuna buƙatar yin ciki da guduro ko polymer don rufe porosity ɗin da ke da alaƙa. Dabarar tana samun cikakken kutsawa ba tare da barin ragi mara kyau ba akan filaye masu mahimmanci. Mun yi aiki tare da hanyoyi daban-daban na impregnation - injin, matsa lamba, tsoma - kuma mun gano cewa girman ɓangaren da tsarin pore, ƙayyadaddun hanyar komawa cikin mataki na latsawa, yana bayyana hanyar da za ta yi aiki. Yana da jerin abubuwan dogaro da ke sa samar da foda karafa da gaske hadedde horo horo.
Haɗin kai da Gwajin Duniya na Gaskiya
Hujja ta ƙarshe koyaushe tana cikin taro ko aikace-aikace. Kayan aikin PM na iya gwadawa daidai a keɓe amma ya gaza ƙarƙashin kaya a cikin watsawa saboda saura damuwa ko bambancin ƙarancin ƙima a tushen. Ayyukanmu a QSY sau da yawa ya haɗa da samar da ba kawai ɓangaren PM ba, amma na'urar injina ko ɓangaren simintin da yake haɗuwa dashi. Wannan hangen nesa na tsaye yana da kima. Mun sami matsalolin tsangwama a lokacin ƙira saboda muna iya tunanin yadda ɓangaren sintered, tare da ƙungiyar juriya ta ɗan bambanta, zai dace da taron simintin gyare-gyaren da mu ma muke samarwa.
Shari'ar ɗaya ta ƙunshi hadadden wurin zama na bawul da aka yi ta PM daga wani gami na musamman. Ya yi kyau sosai a gwaje-gwajen lab amma ya gaza da wuri a filin. Binciken gazawar ya nuna damuwa da lalacewa a jikin simintin bakin karfe. Maganin ba shine canza ɓangaren PM ba, amma don ƙayyade ƙarewa daban-daban akan ɓangaren simintin gyare-gyaren da muke aiki a cikin gida. Samun iko akan matakan masana'antu da yawa a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya a https://www.tsingtaocnc.com yana ba da damar waɗannan ingantattun mafita waɗanda kantin PM mai zaman kansa zai yi gwagwarmaya don gani.
Don haka, lokacin da na yi tunani game da samar da foda karafa, ba kawai 'yan jarida ba ne. Yana da wani symphony na foda kimiyyar, kayan aiki crafting, thermal management, da kuma bayan-tsari karewa, duk rike tare da zurfin fahimtar yadda kayan aiki. Kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi, amma wanda ke buƙatar girmamawa ga nuances. Manufar ba shine a yi wani bangare mai arha ba; shi ne don yin abin dogaro mai aiki wanda ke yin aiki a cikin ainihin duniya, galibi a matsayin wani yanki na babban tsarin da muke taimakawa rayuwa.
