Lokacin da kuka ji 'ƙarfe gyare-gyaren bakin karfe', hoton nan da nan sau da yawa cikakke ne, ɓangaren mu'ujiza mai siffa. Wannan shine filin tallace-tallace. Gaskiyar, musamman tare da maki kamar 316L ko 17-4 PH, tattaunawa ce ta dindindin tsakanin lissafi, kaddarorin, da farashi. Mutane da yawa suna ɗauka cewa alluran filastik ne kawai tare da foda na ƙarfe - a nan ne babban kuskuren farko ya ta'allaka. Matakan ƙaddamarwa da daidaitawa shine inda ainihin tsari ke rayuwa ko ya mutu, kuma inda mafi yawan gazawa, idan za su faru, suna buɗewa cikin nutsuwa.
Ƙarfafawa da Gaskiyar MIM don Bakin Karfe
Roko a bayyane yake. Za ka iya samar da hadaddun, ƙananan-zuwa-matsakaicin girman girman bakin karfe tare da kyakkyawan daki-daki da kyawawan kaddarorin inji, galibi suna kawar da injinan sakandare. Yi la'akari da muƙamuƙi na kayan aikin tiyata, kayan aikin bindiga, ko rikitattun abubuwan ɗaure. Amma 'mai kyau' ita ce kalmar aiki. Ba ƙirƙira ko kayan aiki ba. Microstructure daga MIM ya sha bamban a zahiri-mafi kamanceceniya, amma tare da sifa mai saura. Don aikace-aikace da yawa, ya dace da kyau, amma ba za ku iya kawai takaitattun 'bakin ƙarfe' akan zane ba kuma ku ɗauka MIM maye gurbin ne. Zaɓin kayan abinci, rarraba girman ƙwayar foda, da yanayin ɓacin rai (hydrogen, argon, vacuum) kai tsaye yana nuna juriya na lalata da ƙarfi na ƙarshe. Na ga ayyukan sun tsaya tsayin daka saboda ƙayyadaddun da ake kira ASTM F138 (zurfin-sa 316L) aikin lalata amma shagon yana gudanar da daidaitaccen tsarin zagayowar masana'antu, wanda ke haifar da hazo na carbide mara yarda a iyakokin hatsi.
Ɗayan takamaiman ciwon kai tare da bakin ciki a cikin MIM shine sarrafa carbon. A lokacin da ake yanke hukunci, idan ba a sarrafa zagayowar zafi sosai ba, ana iya barin carbon a baya, wanda a cikin bakin karfe zai iya haifar da samuwar chromium carbide, satar matrix na chromium da kashe juriya na lalata. Rashin gazawar shiru ne—bangaren yayi kyau, ya ƙaddamar da ma'auni na asali, amma ya gaza a filin. Kuna buƙatar mai siyarwa wanda ya fahimci ƙarfe, ba kawai gyare-gyare ba. Wannan shi ne inda tushen tushen zuba jari, kamar abin da kuke gani a kamfani kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), ya zama dacewa. Sun kasance a cikin madaidaicin ƙarfe na kafa shekaru da yawa. Yayin da jigon su yake harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa kuma zuba jari, wannan zurfin cikin sarrafa ƙarfe-sanin yadda zafi ke shafar bakin karfe kuma musamman gami- fasaha ce ta tushe wacce ke fassara da kyau ga kulawa da inganci a cikin ayyukan MIM. Yana game da sarrafa canje-canjen lokaci.
Wani lura mai amfani: tsinkayar ƙima. An ƙididdige raguwa a ciki, amma ba koyaushe ba ne isotropic. Dogayen siffa mai tsayi, sirara na iya raguwa daban da cibiyar kauri. Mun taɓa yin samfuri don tsarin kulle-ƙaramin lever mara ƙarfi tare da ainihin ramin fil. Yin gyare-gyaren ba shi da aibi, amma bayan ɓangarorin, ramin ya kasance elliptical, ba zagaye ba, saboda rashin daidaituwa a ɓangaren kore. Gyaran ba a cikin tanderun sintering; ya dawo cikin ƙirar ƙira da gating, yana tabbatar da ƙarin kwararar foda iri ɗaya yayin allura. Wannan shine nau'in juzu'i, warware matsalar hannu-kan wanda ke raba mai siyar da ɓangarorin da abokin ƙera.
Sintering: Matakin Yin-ko-Break
Wannan ita ce zuciyarta. Bangaren 'kasa-kasa' da aka ƙera ba shi da ƙarfi, cike da ɗaure polymer. Debonding yana cire wannan ɗaurin a hankali, a hankali, don guje wa ɓarna ko haifar da lahani. Sa'an nan sintering fuses karfe barbashi. Don bakin, yanayi yana da mahimmanci. Tsabtataccen yanayi na hydrogen na iya zama mai kyau don rage oxides na saman da samun babban yawa, amma haɗari ne da tsadar aiki. Vacuum sintering tare da wani ɓangaren matsa lamba na argon ya fi kowa. Bayanin yanayin zafin jiki - ƙimar ƙwanƙwasa, zazzabi mafi girma (sau da yawa kawai a ƙasa da layin ƙarfi), da riƙe lokaci-kai tsaye yana sarrafa ƙimar ƙarshe.
Nufin kusan-ƙasa (ce, 96%+) abu ne na kowa, amma ciniki ne. Mafi girman yawa yawanci yana nufin mafi kyawun ductility da juriya na lalata, amma kuma mafi girman raguwa da ƙarin haɗarin ɓarna ko karkatarwa. Wani lokaci, don wani yanki na tsari kawai ba tare da bayyanar ruwa ba, karɓar 93-94% yawa shine ingantacciyar farashi/yi aiki. Na tuna wani sashi da aka yi daga 17-4 PH inda abokin ciniki ya nace akan matsakaicin yawa. Mun cim ma shi, amma ɓangaren ya ɗan ɗanɗana, yana buƙatar aikin ƙira (sizing) a cikin mutu bayan an gama, wanda ya ƙara farashi. Ya zama dole? Wataƙila ba haka ba, amma takardar ƙayyadaddun ya buƙaci shi. Yana nuna buƙatar tattaunawa ta farko tsakanin ƙira da masana'anta.
Bayan-sintering, sassa sau da yawa suna buƙatar wasu ƙarewa. Tumbling for deburring, harbi leƙen asiri don danniya, ko ma na'urar CNC haske don mahimman fasali. Wannan shi ne inda mai kaya tare da hadedde Injin CNC iyawa, kamar QSY, yana da fa'ida. Za su iya sarrafa dukan sarkar darajar-MIM, sintering, sa'an nan kuma daidaitaccen mashigin maɓalli ko zaren maɓalli-a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya. Yana daidaita dabaru kuma, mafi mahimmanci, yana tabbatar da alhaki. Idan fasalin na'ura ya kashe, ba za ku sami muhawara tsakanin gidan MIM da kantin injin suna zargin juna ba.
Abubuwan Nuances Bayan 316L
Yayin da 316L shine dokin aiki, ana ƙara amfani da sauran maki mara nauyi da gami. 17-4 PH sananne ne saboda yana iya zama hazo mai taurare bayan sintering. Amma a nan akwai matsala: dole ne a daidaita zagaye na 17-4 PH don guje wa ƙirƙirar delta ferrite, wanda zai iya yin rikici tare da amsawar tsufa na gaba da taurin ƙarshe. Ba za ku iya amfani da bayanan tanderu iri ɗaya kamar na 316L ba.
Sannan akwai mafi m kayan. Na shiga cikin ayyukan ta amfani da MIM don cobalt na tushen gami (kamar CoCrMo don haɓaka haƙori) da nickel tushen gami. Waɗannan su ne daban-daban dabba gaba ɗaya. Foda yana da tsada, yanayin zafin jiki ya fi girma, kuma windows ɗin tsari sun fi kunkuntar. Lalacewa babbar damuwa ce. Ba za ku iya gudanar da abin da ake kira nickel ba bayan bututun bakin karfe ba tare da tsaftataccen tanderu da tsaftacewa ba. Wannan ba tsari ba ne na kantin aikin gama-gari; yana buƙatar layin sadaukarwa da ƙa'idodin sarrafa tsari mai tsanani. Kamfanin da ke da tarihi a ciki musamman gami, kuma kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin iyakokin QSY, yana da yuwuwar samun tushen horo don irin wannan aikin, koda kuwa suna amfani da shi zuwa wata dabara ta daban kamar MIM.
Zaɓin kayan kuma yana da alaƙa da kayan abinci. Dole ne cakuda mai ɗaure/foda ya zama iri ɗaya. Gurasar abinci mara kyau na iya haifar da 'ɗaɗaɗɗen ɗaure' yayin allura, yana haifar da wuraren da ke da nau'in foda daban-daban, wanda sai ya shiga tsakani. Yana da lahani da ke da wuya a gyara daga baya. Samar da daidaito, kayan abinci masu inganci shine rabin yaƙi.
Lokacin MIM Ba Amsar ba ce
Yana da mahimmanci a san iyakoki. MIM ba ta da kyau ga manyan sassa (gaba ɗaya, tunani a ƙarƙashin gram 250 don bakin karfe). Ba shi da kyau ga ɓangarorin da ke da kauri mai kauri sosai, saboda suna iya riƙe ɗaure da rashin ƙarfi a cikin ainihin. Hakanan bai dace ba idan kuna buƙatar cikakkiyar madaidaitan kaddarorin injina-don mahimmancin kullin sararin samaniya wanda ke ƙarƙashin babban shear, har yanzu kuna son yin injina daga hannun jari.
Na jagoranci abokan ciniki zuwa wasu matakai. Wani lokaci, ga wani matsakaicin hadaddun bakin karfe, zuba jari a zahiri ya fi tattalin arziki, musamman a ƙananan ƙira ko kuma idan kaurin bango ya bambanta sosai. Kayan aikin kayan aiki (samfurin kakin zuma) ya fi rahusa fiye da taurin karfen MIM. Wasu lokuta, idan sashin ya kasance mai sauƙi amma ƙarami, tambarin madaidaicin sa'an nan brazing ko walda zai iya yin nasara. Matrix na yanke shawara ya ƙunshi girma, lissafi, ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki, da kasafin kuɗi. Abokin masana'antu nagari yakamata su sami damar yin wannan tattaunawar da gaske, ba kawai tura tsarinsu na farko ba. Gaskiyar cewa kamfani kamar QSY yana ba da hanyoyi da yawa-yin simintin gyare-gyare, inji, kuma ta hanyar tsawo, mai yiwuwa fahimtar matakai kamar MIM-yana ba da shawarar cewa za su iya samar da irin wannan tsarin shawarwari maimakon wani nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i.
Ƙoƙari ɗaya da ya gaza wanda ya zo a zuciya shi ne abokin ciniki yana son bututu mai bakin ciki mai katanga tare da rikitattun sifofin lattice na ciki - cikakken ɗan takarar MIM akan takarda. Mun ƙirƙira shi, amma membobin lettice sun yi kyau sosai yayin da ake yanke hukunci, sun yi sag. Mun tweaked goyon bayan tsarin a cikin mold, gyara debinding rates, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa ne m. An ajiye aikin. Jumhuriyar lissafi ce wacce ta tura sama da iyakokin fasaha na yanzu don takamaiman kayan. Dole ne ku san lokacin da za ku yi tafiya.
Kallon Sarkar Kaya
A ƙarshe, la'akari da tushen. Masana'antar MIM tana da 'yan wasa da suka fito daga manyan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru zuwa ƙananan kantuna na musamman. Don yin samfuri da ƙananan ƙararraki yana gudana, ƙarami, ƙwararren shago na iya zama mai amsawa. Suna sau da yawa inda za ku sami ƙwararrun ƙwararrun tsari waɗanda za su tweak bayanan tanderu da hannu don aikinku.
Lokacin kimanta abokin tarayya, kar kawai ka nemi ƙasidar iya aiki. Tambayi daidaitattun tsarin aikin su don sintering 316L. Tambayi don ganin rahotannin girman su da ƙananan hotuna don wani bangare makamancin haka. Tambayi yadda suka cancanci sabon rabon kayan abinci. Amsoshin su za su gaya muku fiye da kowane gidan yanar gizo. Kamfani da ya daɗe a cikin kasuwancin sassan ƙarfe, kamar wanda aka ambata a baya tare da shi sama da shekaru 30 a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da injina, yana kawo al'adar kwanciyar hankali da ingantaccen tsarin da ke da kima, ko da za su iya ɗaukar sabbin fasahohi kamar MIM. Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayani game da ƙarfin tushen su a rukunin yanar gizon su, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com.
A karshe, karfe allura gyare-gyaren bakin karfe kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi, amma kayan aiki ɗaya ne kawai. Nasarar ta ya dogara ne akan zurfin fahimtar sarkar gabaɗaya—daga foda zuwa ɓangaren da ba a taɓa gani ba—da tantance gaskiya na ko ɓangaren zanen ya dace da tsarin. Babu wani sihiri, kawai ilimin kimiyya da yawa da aka sarrafa da kuma ɗanɗano kaɗan na tarawa, wani lokacin-wuta, hikimar bene kanti.
