Lokacin da yawancin masu goyon baya suka ji 'ƙafa na foda', nan da nan sukan zana nau'in kayan aikin latsa-da-sinter - mai yawa, mai aiki, amma a gaskiya, dan kadan. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. Gaskiyar ita ce mafi muni kuma mafi ban sha'awa. Ba kawai game da yin m siffar daga foda; Tattaunawa akai-akai ne tsakanin halayen kayan aiki, sigogin tsari, da buƙatun rashin gafartawa na aikace-aikacen ƙarshe. Bayan ganin sassan suna fitowa daga layi a wuraren da ke samar da masana'antu masu nauyi, rata tsakanin littafin PM da PM-bene-bene shine inda ainihin ilimin ke rayuwa.
The Alloy wuyar warwarewa da kuma dalilin da ya sa hade ba Komai
Za ku fara da cakuda foda. Takardar bayanan yana ba ku ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, graphite, watakila wasu nickel. Amma bambance-bambancen-zuwa-yawa a cikin rarraba girman barbashi daga mai siyarwa na iya jefar da ƙarfin ƙarfin ku. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuyar gaske akan gudu na sprockets don tsarin jigilar kaya. An haɗu da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, amma ƙwanƙwasa ya bambanta da dabara, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan ƙarancin gradients bayan sintering wanda kawai ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin gwajin gajiya mai tsayi. Ba gazawa ba ce, amma tunatarwa ce cewa foda abu ne mai rai, ba kawai tsarin sinadarai ba.
Wannan shine inda gwaninta tare da sauran hanyoyin ƙirƙira, kamar simintin saka hannun jari wanda abokin tarayya mai dadewa yayi Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), yana ba da bambanci mai ban sha'awa. Sun shafe fiye da shekaru talatin suna fama da narkakkar hali. A gare mu a cikin PM, karfenmu yana da ƙarfi har sai mun tilasta shi ya yi wani abu. Kwarewar su a cikin ƙirar harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari tare da gami na musamman kamar na tushen nickel suna sanar da tunaninmu game da haɗa dabarun haɗawa don manyan abubuwan PM. Za mu iya cimma irin wannan microstructure watsawa ta ci-gaba blending da sintering maimakon narkewa? Wani lokaci, amma yanayin farashi ya bambanta.
Zaɓin tsakanin foda da aka riga aka gama da shi da hadawa na asali wani kira ne na shari'a. Pre-alloyed powders, kamar wasu bakin karfe ko kayan aiki maki maki, ba ka kamanni amma zai iya zama jahannama zuwa m saboda taurin. Elemental yana haɗu da sinter sosai amma yana haɗarin rashin daidaituwa idan sake zagayowar ba daidai bane. Cinikin ciniki ne tsakanin farashin latsawa da farashin sintepon, kuma kuna daidaita shi a gefen wuka.
Rawar Sintering: Heat, Atmosphere, and Time
Sintering shine inda sihiri da firgita ke faruwa. Ba tanderu kaɗai ba ce mai saita zafin jiki. Matsakaicin raɓa, raɓa na yanayi (ko iskar gas ce mai ƙarewa, ammoniya da ba a so, ko vacuum), da lokacin da ke cikin zafin jiki suna haifar da zance tare da ɓangarorin foda. Yi kuskure ɗaya, kuma kuna kallon ɓangaren da ko dai ya lalace daga rashin haɗin gwiwa ko kuma ya karkata daga raguwar rashin daidaituwa.
Ina tunawa da wani aikin don ɓangaren bawul ɗin hydraulic wanda ke buƙatar ƙayyadaddun haɗin ƙarfi da porosity don haɓakar mai. Mun ƙusance yawa bayan haɗakarwa, amma bayanin martabar ya ɗan kashe - da sauri da sauri. Ya haifar da wani sakamako na fata wanda ya rufe pores na saman da wuri. Sassan sun wuce gwaje-gwaje masu girma amma sun gaza a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje yayin gwaje-gwajen lalata mai. Gyaran ba babban canji ba ne; ya kasance a hankali, mafi tattausan ramp don ba da damar iskar gas na ciki su tsere ba tare da rufe saman ba. Darasi mai dabara, mai tsada.
Wannan ya bambanta da sarrafa ƙarfi a cikin simintin gyare-gyare. Yin lilo da iyawar QSY a shafin su a tsingtaocnc.com, ikon su akan ƙarfafawa a cikin simintin saka hannun jari don abubuwan haɗin gwiwa na tushen cobalt shine game da sarrafa lokaci na ruwa. Kalubalen mu a cikin PM sintering shine gudanar da yaɗuwar ƙasa mai ƙarfi da kuma wani lokacin matakan ruwa na wucin gadi. Maƙasudin ƙarshen—sauti, ɓangaren ƙarfe mai inganci— iri ɗaya ne, amma hanyar da ke wurin tana da bambanci sosai.
Lokacin da PM Ya Sadu da Machining: Gaskiyar Bayan-Processing
Ba wanda yake son yarda da shi, amma alƙawarin siffa mai siffa ta foda yakan zo da alamar alama. Don abubuwa masu mahimmanci - zaren, matsananciyar haƙurin haƙuri, tsagi na musamman - kuna zuwa injin CNC. Mashinability na sashin da aka lakafta shi ne nasa dabba. Ba kamar mashin injin da aka yi ba; ragowar porosity na iya aiki azaman mai karya guntu (mai kyau) amma kuma yana haɓaka lalacewa na kayan aiki (mara kyau).
Mun aika da PM zuwa shagunan injuna waɗanda ake amfani da su don jefa ko ƙirƙira haja, kuma ra'ayin koyaushe ilimi ne. Matsalolin yankan suna buƙatar daidaitawa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mai ba da kayayyaki tare da haɗakar damar aiki yana da mahimmanci. Kamfanin kamar QSY, wanda ke jera injinan CNC tare da ƙwararrun simintin gyare-gyare, yana fahimtar halayen kayan aiki daga kusurwoyi da yawa. Yin gyare-gyaren abin da ake kira nickel gami yana buƙatar taɓawa daban fiye da sarrafa takwarorinsa na simintin gyare-gyare, koda kuwa abin da aka ƙirƙira ya kasance iri ɗaya. Bangaren da aka ƙera zai iya samun lafiya, tarwatsa oxides daga saman foda wanda mai yankan dole ya yi aiki da su.
Tsarin cirewa shima ya bambanta. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan tarko ne na tsaftacewa ko ruwaye, wanda shine mafarki mai ban tsoro ga sassa a cikin aikace-aikace mai tsabta ko bushe. Ba za ku iya kawai jefa su a cikin tumbler vibratory kuma ku kira shi a rana ba. Sau da yawa yana buƙatar tsaftacewa jeri tare da ƙayyadaddun kaushi da bushewa a hankali.
Niche don Alloys na Musamman da Haɗin Geometries
Wannan shi ne inda foda metallurgy ya fara haskakawa da gaske da kuma tabbatar da rikitarwar tsarin sa. Kayayyakin da ke da wahala ko ba za a iya jefawa ko ƙirƙira su cikin hadaddun sifofi-kamar wasu manyan galoli masu nauyi na tungsten, ko abubuwan da aka keɓance matrix na ƙarfe-sune yanki na PM. Ƙarfin ƙirƙira ƙira mai ƙima ko rashin ƙarfi mai sarrafawa (na masu tacewa ko ɗaukar mai mai da kai) na musamman ne.
Mun yi aiki a kan samfuri don ɓangaren na'urar likita ta amfani da alloy na titanium. Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira ta kasance mai hana tsada-ƙasa ga ƙaramin ƙara, kuma injina daga mai ƙarfi yana ɓata sama da 80% na abu mai tsada. Metal Injection Molding (MIM), bambancin PM, shine amsar. Ya ba da izini ga hadaddun, nau'in halitta tare da ganuwar bakin ciki, wani abu da zai zama kalubale har ma don ƙaddamar da saka hannun jari daidai. Dole ne a yi aikin sintiri a cikin babban wuri, kuma murdiya ya kasance yaƙi, amma ya yi aiki. A cikin waɗannan kusurwoyi na masana'antar ne PM ya sami mafi kyawun matsayinsa.
Kallon jerin kayan aiki daga wani tushe kamar QSY-simintin ƙarfe, ƙarfe, bakin karfe, cobalt da nickel gami - tunatarwa ne cewa kowane tsari yana fitar da yankinsa. Don babban girma, ƙananan sassa na ƙarfe na ƙarfe, latsa-da-sinter PM na al'ada yana da wahala a doke akan farashi. Don alluran ayyuka masu girman gaske a cikin hadaddun sifofi, inda farashin kayan ya mamaye, PM ko MIM na ci gaba suna gasa kai tsaye tare da simintin saka hannun jari. Matrix na yanke shawara ya ƙunshi girma, lissafi, abu, da buƙatun kadara. Da wuya a sami amsa guda ɗaya bayyananne.
Tunani Na Ƙarshe: Tsari ne na Tunatarwa Na Juyi
Don haka, ƙarfe na ƙarfe ba aikin saiti ba ne. Tsari ne. Canji a cikin alamar mai mai, canjin digiri 10 a cikin yankin zafi na tanderun, sabon nau'in foda-kowannen waɗannan zai iya haifar da sakamako. Ƙwarewar ta ta'allaka ne a cikin gina ƙaƙƙarfan tsari wanda zai iya ɗaukar waɗannan ƙananan bambance-bambancen da samun ƙwarewar bincike don sanin abin da ba daidai ba lokacin da aka kashe batch.
Yana da ƙasa game da ci gaban juyin juya hali da ƙari game da haɓakawa, ci gaba mai wahala. Za mu iya samun 0.5% ƙarin yawa ba tare da ƙara yawan tonnage ba? Shin za mu iya rage lokacin jinkirin da kashi 5% ba tare da cutar da tauri ba? Wannan shine aikin yau da kullun. Ba abin sha'awa ba ne, amma lokacin da kuka riƙe sashin da ke yin aiki mara kyau a ƙarƙashin damuwa, sanin kowane matakin da ya ɗauka daga sako-sako da foda zuwa wannan abin da aka gama, gamsuwar ta cika. Shaida ce ta sarrafa hargitsi, ɓangarorin micron guda ɗaya a lokaci guda.
Yanayin yanayin kuma ɗaya ne na haɗin gwiwa. Ilimin da aka samo daga masana'anta, daga masana'anta, daga masu amfani da ƙarshen duk suna ci gaba da inganta sassan PM. Yana da ci gaba da madauki na kimiyyar kayan abu da kuma warware matsala mai amfani da bene na kanti. Wannan, fiye da komai, shine zuciyar sana'ar.
