Lokacin da kuka ji 'kamfanin ƙarfe na foda', yawancin mutane nan da nan suna ɗaukar hoto na masana'anta da ke fitar da sassauƙa, bushing na tagulla ko yuwuwar kayan ƙarfe. Wannan shi ne ainihin hoton, kuma ba daidai ba ne, amma yana da ɗan kama da ayyana gidan cin abinci na zamani a matsayin wurin da ake ba da abinci. Gaskiyar da ke ƙasa ta fi damuwa kuma mafi ban sha'awa. Babban ƙalubale ba kawai latsawa da ɓata foda ba; yana game da haɗa wannan ainihin ƙwarewar cikin cikakkiyar sarkar mafita, musamman lokacin da kuke hulɗa da kayan aiki masu girma. Na ga shaguna da yawa sun makale a cikin yadda muke yin tunanin sassan PM, suna fafatawa akan farashin kowace kilogram, yayin da ainihin ƙimar ke ƙaura zuwa sama don ƙira da ƙasa zuwa ƙarshe. Wannan wuri ne mai wuyar shiga.
Abun Farko Ne Kawai
Bari mu fara magana kayan aiki, domin a nan ne ake fara tattaunawa. Muna aiki da yawa tare da ƙarfe, ƙarfe, da foda na bakin karfe, amma wasan yana canzawa tare da gami na musamman. Yi tunanin tushen nickel ko cobalt na tushen superalloys don aikace-aikacen zafi mai zafi. Anan akwai ciwon kai mai amfani: halayen kwararar waɗannan foda masu zato sun bambanta da daidaitattun ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Za su iya zama mafi haɗin kai, ƙasa mai gudana kyauta, wanda ke watsar da tsarin cikawa na atomatik wanda aka daidaita don kaya na yau da kullum. Ba za ku iya kawai zubar da sabon foda a cikin hopper ba kuma ku yi tsammanin yawan cika iri ɗaya. Yana buƙatar tweaking takalmin ciyarwa, wani lokacin har ma da mitar girgiza yayin cikawa. Karamin daki-daki ne, amma samun shi ba daidai ba yana nufin ƙarancin juzu'in ɓangaren da bai dace ba kafin ma ku taɓa murhun wuta. Na tuna daya aiki inda muka yi kwanaki biyu kawai a kan cika mataki don sabon nickel gami bangaren, gudanar gwajin compacts da auna yawa gradients. Ya ji kamar jinkiri, amma tsallake wancan matakin zai ba da tabbacin gazawar tsari daga baya.
Wannan shine inda samun faffadan bayanan sarrafa kayan abu shine babban fa'ida. Ayyukan iyayenmu, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ya kasance a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da injina shekaru da yawa. Wannan tarihin mai zurfi tare da narkakkar karafa kamar simintin ƙarfe da gami na musamman yana ba mu hangen nesa daban a gefen foda. Ba kawai muna siyan foda daga mai kaya da danna shi a makance ba. Mun fahimci ƙarfe na ƙarfe daga yanayin ruwa sama, wanda ke ba da bayanin yadda muke sarrafa ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi. Misali, fahimtar yanayin rarrabuwar kawuna na wasu abubuwa a cikin narke yana taimaka mana mu hango yadda za su kasance yayin yaɗuwar yanayi mai ƙarfi a cikin ɓarna. Yana da alaƙa tushen ilimi.
Da kuma gamawa. Allah, k'arshe ne inda yawa foda karfe ayyukan rayuwa ko mutu. Kuna iya siffanta wani ɓangaren siffa mai kusa-net da kyau, amma idan yana buƙatar madaidaicin ƙima ko siffa mai sarƙaƙƙiya, zaku iya injin CNC. Yin injin da aka ƙera ba kamar mashin ɗin sanda ba ne. Porosity na iya zama abin ƙyama ga kayan aiki, kuma yana iya rinjayar yadda kayan ke shears. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya tun da wuri, muna kona masana'anta a kan abin da ke kama da flange na ƙarfe mai sauƙi. Yanzu, ka'idodin injin ɗin mu na sassan PM sun bambanta. Muna amfani da geometries na kayan aiki daban-daban, wani lokaci daban-daban masu sanyaya, kuma koyaushe saitin saurin gudu da lissafin ciyarwa. Yana da hadedde tsari. Gaskiyar cewa QSY yana da nasa sadaukar CNC machining division (tsingtaocnc.com cikakkun bayanai iyawarsu) ba daidaituwa ba ne; larura ce. Bangaren ba ya ƙare lokacin da ya fita daga tanderun da ke murƙushewa. Yana ƙare lokacin da aka shirya don layin taron abokin ciniki.
The Shell Mold Crossover: A Niche Worth Exploring
Wannan na iya zama kamar bambance-bambance, amma ku yi hakuri da ni. Wani yanki da ba ya samun isassun hankali shine haɗin kai tsakanin foda karfe da zuba jari, musamman harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa. Ana ganin su sau da yawa a matsayin matakai masu gasa, kuma ga sassa da yawa, su ne. Amma akwai haɗin kai a cikin ƙididdiga da ƙananan ƙira, aiki mai rikitarwa. Mun yi amfani da PM don ƙirƙirar kayan aikin samfur don ƙirar harsashi. Wani lokaci, abokin ciniki yana buƙatar rukunin gwaji na aiki na rukunin gidaje 50 masu rikitarwa, aikin simintin al'ada. Yin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe don gyare-gyaren harsashi yana da tsada ga wannan ƙarar. Mun sami nasara ta yin amfani da gyare-gyaren ƙarfe na ƙarfe (MIM, ɗan uwan PM) ko ma daɗaɗɗen ƙarfe masu ƙarfi don samar da ainihin kwalaye ko abubuwan da aka saka don aikin harsashi. Ƙarshen saman bai yi daidai ba kamar yadda aka saka kayan aikin ƙarfe na kayan aiki, amma don 50-100 simintin gyare-gyare, yana riƙewa kuma yana yanke lokacin jagora daga watanni zuwa makonni.
Dabaru ce ta musamman, ba mafita ga kowa ba. Keke-koke na thermal daga zuba narkakkar karfe a cikin wani harsashi da aka gina a kan abin da aka saka a karfe zai haifar da gajiya da tsagewa. Amma don samar da gada ko samfuri, yana da matuƙar mahimmanci. Irin wannan tunani na gefe-ta yin amfani da tsari ɗaya don ba da damar wani-wanda ke raba shagon aiki daga mai samar da mafita. Kuna iya samun nazarin shari'o'i akan wannan hanyar giciye-pollination a cikin babban fayil a QSYshafin. Yana magana da falsafar aiki wanda ke game da warware wuyar warwarewar masana'anta, ba kawai sayar da tsari ɗaya ba.
Gefen juyawa yana sarrafa tsammanin abokin ciniki. Lokacin da kuka ba da shawarar irin wannan tsarin haɗaɗɗiyar, dole ne ku bayyana rashin tausayi game da iyakoki. Ee, za mu iya samun sassan da za a iya gwadawa a cikin makonni uku ta yin amfani da wannan hanyar, amma kayan aikin za su ƙasƙanta bayan kusan zagayowar 80, kuma ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi a ɓangaren simintin ƙarshe zai zama Ra na 6.3, ba 3.2 ba. Shin an yarda da hakan don lokacin tabbatarwar ku? Wannan tattaunawa ta gaskiya, ta farko, mai tushe cikin bayanai masu amfani daga gwaje-gwajen da suka gabata (ciki har da waɗanda suka gaza inda muka yi alƙawarin wuce gona da iri kan rayuwar kayan aiki), yana haɓaka aminci fiye da kowace ƙasida mai haske.
Lokacin da Mai Kyau bai isa ba: Tarkon Haƙuri
Haƙuri a foda karfe tattaunawa ne akai-akai tare da kimiyyar lissafi. Tsarin sintering ya haɗa da raguwa, kuma wannan raguwa ba koyaushe daidai bane isotropic. Ya dogara da sashi na lissafi, gradients mai yawa daga latsa, da wuraren zafin tanderu. Za mu iya yin koyi da shi, amma koyaushe akwai bambance-bambance. Ga yawancin sassa na tsari, daidaitattun haƙurin PM suna da kyau. Amma ana ƙara buƙatar mu samar da sassan da ke yin gogayya da kayan aikin injin akan kwanciyar hankali.
Wannan yana tura ku zuwa ayyuka na biyu kamar girman (sake latsa ɓangaren ɓarna a cikin mutuwa) ko injinan CNC. Kowane op na sakandare yana ƙara farashi. Don haka ainihin aikin injiniya yana cikin matakin ƙira-don-ƙira (DFM). Shin za mu iya canza wannan rashin daidaituwa don kawar da shi? Shin za mu iya daidaita wannan kauri na bango don haɓaka ƙarin haɗaɗɗun ɗabi'a kuma don haka ƙarin raguwa iri ɗaya? Wani lokaci, amsar ita ce a'a, kuma dole ne ku yi kasafin kuɗi don mashina. Makullin shine yin wannan tattaunawar tare da mai zane kafin a taɓa yin odar foda. Na zauna a cikin tarurruka inda a zahiri muka sake zana sashin giciye a kan farar allo don nuna yadda canjin radius 1mm zai iya adana 30% akan farashi ta hanyar ba da damar kwararar latsa-da-sinter mai sauƙi. Wannan shine ƙara darajar.
Hakanan yana da alaƙa da zaɓin kayan abu. Ƙarfe mai ƙarancin ƙarfi na iya karkata zuwa wani nau'in juriya. Bakin karfe foda, tare da halayen raguwa daban-daban, na iya buƙatar diyya na kayan aiki daban-daban. Dole ne ku san wannan daga bayanan tarihi. Muna kula da ɗakin karatu na abubuwan raguwa don kayan mu gama gari da iyalai na lissafi. Ba misali da aka buga ba; takaddun rayuwa ne na ciki, wanda aka sabunta tare da kowane aikin samarwa. Wannan shine irin tacit, ilimin aiki na gaske foda metallurgy kamfanin tarawa.
Sarkar kawowa Abu ne mai rauni
Babu wanda yayi magana game da sarkar samar da kayayyaki har sai ta karye. Za a foda karfe aiki, ba wai kawai samun foda na karfe ba ne. Yana da game da samun dama yawa, tare da daidaitattun girman rabon barbashi da sunadarai. Batch na foda tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin nau'in barbashi na iya canza yawan cikawa a cikin mutu, yana canza girman matsi na ƙarshe. Dole ne mu keɓe gabaɗayan jigilar kayayyaki saboda takaddun ba su dace da tushen tarihin mu na wani bangare mai tsawo ba. Yana da ban tsoro.
Sannan akwai kayan aiki. Ya mutu da naushi. An yi su daga ƙwararrun ƙarfe na kayan aiki masu jurewa. Sashe mai sarƙaƙƙiya na iya samun mutuƙar matakai masu yawa tare da naushi masu motsi da yawa. Idan naushi guda ɗaya ya fashe ko sanye da wuri, duk layin samarwa yana tsayawa. Lokacin jagora don sabbin abubuwan haɗin ƙarfe na kayan aiki na iya zama makonni 12+. Don haka za ku koyi kula da ƙima mai mahimmanci na na'urori masu amfani da naushi, sandunan jagora, har ma da dukan saiti don sassa masu girma. Matattu babban jari zaune a kan shiryayye, amma yana da inshora. Wannan gaskiyar aiki ba ta taɓa bayyana a cikin ɓarnar tallace-tallace game da ci-gaba na iyawar PM, amma shine abin da ke kunna fitilu. Kamfanin da ke da shekaru 30 na kashin baya, kamar rukunin baya QSY, ya rayu ta cikin rikice-rikicen wadata da yawa kuma yana da ƙididdiga da alaƙar masu siyarwa don ɗaukar abubuwan girgiza. Yana da kadara mara amfani amma mai mahimmanci.
Kuma ba kawai wadata ta jiki ba ce. wadatar ilimi ce. Lokacin da tsohon ma'aikacin latsa ya yi ritaya, yakan ɗauka tare da shi ilhami don lokacin da sautin latsa ke kashe ko kuma abin da ɗan ƙaramin launi ke nufi a ɓangaren da aka fitar. Ɗaukar abin da yake kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Muna gwadawa tare da jerin abubuwan dubawa da bayanan firikwensin, amma ana haifar da wasu kiran hukunci daga shekarun da suka gabata na kallon sassa. Wannan nau'in ɗan adam a cikin sarkar samarwa shine mafi raunin duka.
Kallon Gaba: Ba Sashe Ne Kawai Ba, Aiki Ne
To ina wannan ya bar a foda metallurgy kamfanin yau? Waɗanda za su bunƙasa suna ƙaura daga kasancewa masu samar da kayan aikin kawai. Bangaren hanya ce ta zuwa ƙarshe. Abokin ciniki ba ya son sprocket maras kyau; suna son ingantacciyar hanyar jujjuyawar tuƙi mai tsada mai tsada. Za mu iya samar da sprocket, da mating shaft yi ta hanyar CNC machining, har ma da taron? Za mu iya ba da shawara kan jadawalin lubrication dangane da porosity na kayan mu? Shi ke nan motsi.
Yana buƙatar haɗakar tsari mai zurfi, daidai nau'in da aka nuna a cikin tsarin kamfani wanda ke gidaje foda karfe, zuba jari, gyare-gyaren harsashi, da CNC machining a ƙarƙashin laima guda ɗaya mai aiki. Manufar ita ce mallakar ƙarin ƙimar darajar. Yana ba da damar yin gaskiya ga gaskiya cikin zaɓin tsari kuma. Wani lokaci, bayan bita na DFM, muna iya ba da shawarar cewa wani ɓangaren da aka yi a halin yanzu ta hanyar PM zai fi kyau a yi aiki a matsayin ƙaramin simintin gyare-gyare daga layin ƙirar harsashi, ko ma billet ɗin inji, kuma za mu iya yin hakan. Babu wani abin ƙarfafawa don tilastawa aiwatar da tsarin PM inda ba ya cikinsa.
A ƙarshe, yana zuwa don magance matsalolin, ba kawai yin guda ba. Foda shine farkon labarin, ba ƙarshen ba. Aiki na ainihi-aikin mai ban sha'awa, mai ban takaici, da kuma wani lokaci mai gamsarwa mai gamsarwa - yana faruwa a cikin fahimtar yadda wannan yanki mai ban sha'awa ke hulɗa da duniya: yadda ake gamawa, yadda ake taruwa, yadda ake sawa cikin sabis. Wannan shine tunanin. Ya rage game da zama a foda metallurgy kamfanin da ƙari game da kasancewa mai samar da mafita na masana'antu wanda ke da ƙarfe na foda a matsayin kayan aiki mai mahimmanci, ingantaccen fahimta a cikin kayan sa. Kuma wannan, ina tsammanin, ita ce kawai hanya mai dorewa.
