Lokacin da mutane suka ji 'ɓangarorin kayan aikin likitanci', galibi suna tunanin bakararre, abubuwa masu haske kai tsaye daga layin taro. Gaskiyar ita ce grittier. Yana da game da simintin gyare-gyaren da dole ne ya riƙe mutunci na tsawon shekaru da yawa, ko na'ura mai sarrafa kayan aiki wanda ba zai iya kasawa ba bayan zagayowar dubu goma a cikin autoclave. Tazarar da ke tsakanin zane da sashin aiki shine inda ainihin aikin ke faruwa, kuma anan ne ake kashe shekaru.
Tushen: Yana farawa da Cast
Ba za ku iya sarrafa sashe mai kyau daga mummunan simintin ba. Wannan shine darasi mai wahala na farko. Don sansanonin kayan aikin hoto ko kayan aikin gantry na jiyya, amincin kayan ba zai yuwu ba. Mun ga ayyukan sun tsaya cak saboda na farko zuba jari yana da micro-porosity wanda kawai ya bayyana yayin aikin injin ƙarshe. Kudin gidan da aka yi watsi da shi, an kusa kammalawa bakin karfe malami ne.
Wannan shine inda gwaninta na kafuwa ke nuna nasara. Kamfanin kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tare da shekaru talatin da suka yi a cikin harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari, sun fahimci cewa yanayin zafi na zub da garin cobalt-chromium don kayan aikin tiyata gaba ɗaya ya bambanta da daidaitaccen bakin karfe. Ba wai kawai batun narkewar karfe ba ne; game da sarrafa hanyar ƙarfafawa don hana abubuwan damuwa waɗanda suka zama wuraren gazawa.
Zaɓin tsakanin harsashi mold da zuba jari don wani da aka ba bangaren kayan aikin likitanci sau da yawa yakan zo zuwa ga lissafin lissafi da buƙatun ƙare saman. Abun hadaddun, siriri mai katanga don famfon injin dialysis? Mai yiwuwa zuba jari. Babban madaidaicin tsari don gadon asibiti? Shell mold zai iya zama mafi arha ba tare da sadaukar da aiki ba. Shawarar ba koyaushe take bayyana ba, kuma wani lokacin yana buƙatar yin samfuri ta hanyoyi biyu.
Mashin Daidaitawa: Inda Haƙuri ke Cizon Baya
CNC machining likita sassa ji daban-daban. Akwai nauyin tunani. Haƙuri na ± 0.005mm akan ƙugiya ba shawara ba ce; yanayin iyaka ne don hatimin da ke tuntuɓar ruwan jiki. Na tuna rukunin gidaje masu haɗawa don masu saka idanu masu haƙuri inda muke neman kiran matsayi na gaskiya na 0.01mm. Injin yana da ƙarfi, amma haɓakawa da haɓakar zafi daga yankan bakin karfe 316L ya jefar da mu. Mun ƙare har muna da ikon sarrafa yanayin yanayin shagon sosai - daki-daki ba kan zane ba.
Hanyar QSY zuwa Injin CNC don kayan aikin likita galibi ya ƙunshi keɓe takamaiman layukan inji don wasu ƙungiyoyin kayan aiki. Gudun gami da tushen nickel, waɗanda ke aiki-tauri kamar hauka, akan saitin guda ɗaya kamar yadda ƙarfen simintin gyare-gyare shine girke-girke na rayuwar kayan aiki marasa daidaituwa da al'amuran gamawa. Rarraba su na iya zama kamar ba shi da inganci a kan takarda, amma yana hana ƙetare ɓangarorin abubuwa kuma yana kiyaye kwanciyar hankali. Wannan kwanciyar hankali shine abin da ke ba su damar buga Ra 0.8μm saman ƙare akai-akai akan haɗin gwiwa masu ɗaukar nauyi, wanda ke da mahimmanci don hana ƙaddamarwar fashewa.
Ingantattun kayan aikin bayan-machining wani Layer ne. Ba rahoton CMM bane kawai. Don ɓangarorin da ke cikin dasawa ko na'urorin tuntuɓar lokaci mai tsawo, galibi muna ƙididdige ƙarin hanyoyin wucewa ko ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin tsaftacewa don cire duk wani ɓangarorin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta daga injina. Wani sashe na iya zama cikakke a zahiri amma yana ƙiyayya da ilimin halitta idan an hanzarta wannan matakin.
Matsalolin Alloy: Material Ba Lamba bane Kawai
Ƙayyade bakin karfe ba shi da ma'ana. Shin 304, 316L, ko 17-4PH? Kowannensu yana da halaye daban-daban yayin yin simintin gyare-gyare da injina, kuma kowannensu yana da yanayin juriyar lalata daban-daban a cikin yanayin asibiti. 316L shine dokin aiki don kyakkyawan dalili, amma ga sassan da ke buƙatar ƙarfi mafi girma, kamar direbobin kasusuwa ko wasu kayan aikin arthroscopic, muna dogara ga hazo-hardening maki kamar 17-4PH ko a cikin musamman gami.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na Cobalt da na tushen nickel suna cikin rukunin nasu. Ana amfani da su a cikin aikace-aikace masu ƙarfi kamar haɗin gwiwa na gwiwa ko a cikin racks autoclave masu zafin jiki. Injin su sanannen abu ne mai wahala - ƙananan saurin yankan, takamaiman kayan aikin geometries, kwararar mai sanyaya don sarrafa zafi. Amfanin shine na musamman lalacewa da juriya na lalata. Farashin shine kashe kayan aiki da kuma tsawon lokacin sake zagayowar. Na ga ayyuka inda sauyawa daga daidaitaccen bakin karfe zuwa gariyar cobalt ya ninka farashin mashin ɗin, amma ita ce hanya ɗaya tilo don biyan buƙatun rayuwar sabis na shekaru 15.
Yin aiki tare da abokin tarayya wanda ke da zurfin ilimin kayan aiki yana da mahimmanci. Ba wai kawai game da samun gami a hannun jari ba ne; game da sanin yadda za a bi da shi bayan aikin injiniya don cimma taurin da ake so ba tare da haifar da murdiya ba, ko yadda za a tsara tsarin gating don yin simintin gyaran kafa don tabbatar da tsarin hatsi iri ɗaya a cikin siffa mai rikitarwa.
Yanayin Kasawa da Me yasa
Kowa yayi magana game da ma'aunin nasara, amma nazarin gazawar ya fi koyarwa. Muna da akwati tare da ƙaramin hannun mai kunnawa don robot ɗin tiyata. Ya wuce duk matakan bincike amma ya gaza a gwajin gajiya. Tushen tushen ya samo asali ne zuwa ɗan bambanci a cikin harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa tsari-ƙananan rashin daidaituwa a cikin kauri harsashi yumbu ya haifar da bambance-bambancen yanayin sanyaya, haifar da yanki na ɗan ƙaramin tsari daban-daban. Karkashin na'ura mai kwakwalwa, an ganuwa. Karkashin nauyin hawan keke, wurin karaya ne.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa sarrafa tsari ke da mahimmanci fiye da binciken ƙarshe don abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci. Ba za ku iya bincika inganci zuwa wani bangare ba; dole ne ka gina shi daga matakin farko na yin mold. Masu ba da kayayyaki waɗanda ke samun wannan, kamar QSY tare da dogon lokaci suna mai da hankali kan tsari maimakon fitarwa kawai, suna da ƙarancin waɗannan bala'i, gazawar gano baya. Tarihinsu na shekaru 30 ya nuna sun ga-kuma sun warware-irin waɗannan matsalolin a da.
Wani gama-gari, gazawar dabara shine lalata galvanic a cikin majalisai. Yin amfani da dunƙule bakin karfe a cikin gidan aluminum don hannun na'urar daukar hoto mai nauyi na iya zama da kyau, amma a gaban wasu abubuwan tsaftacewa, yana iya saita tantanin halitta mai lalacewa. Bangaren ba ya kasawa nan da nan; yana kasawa bayan watanni na amfani, sau da yawa a waje da lokacin garanti. Binciken daidaiton kayan abu a matakin ƙira mataki ne mara sulhu wanda galibi ana yin watsi da shi.
Haqiqa Abokan Hulda
Sayi sassan kayan aikin likita ba odar siyayya ba ce. Haɗin gwiwar fasaha ne wanda ke farawa tun kafin RFQ. Mafi kyawun sakamako yana faruwa lokacin da mai ƙirar kayan aiki ya haɗu tare da abokin aikin masana'anta yayin lokacin samfuri. Shin za a iya kunna wannan kusurwa na ciki kaɗan don inganta rayuwar kayan aiki ba tare da tasirin aiki ba? Shin wannan kaurin bangon zai iya zama iri ɗaya don gujewa nutsewa a cikin simintin gyaran kafa?
Abokin haɗin gwiwa tare da haɗakar damar aiki - daga simintin gyare-gyare zuwa Injin CNC-Yana ba da cikakkiyar ra'ayi. Suna iya ba da shawarar cewa ɓangaren da aka ƙera azaman walda mai injuna zai iya samar da ingantaccen dogaro azaman simintin yanki guda ɗaya tare da ƙaramin aikin injin ƙarewa, inganta ingantaccen tsari da rage yuwuwar gurɓatawa. Irin wannan nau'in shigarwar ƙira-don-ƙira yana da ƙima kuma ya fito ne daga ƙwarewar hannu a duk faɗin sarkar samarwa.
A ƙarshe, makasudin shine amintacce a fagen. Bangaren ba abu bane akan lissafin kayan; wani bangare ne a cikin na'urar da likitan ya dogara da shi. Wannan hangen nesa yana canza yadda kuke kusanci kowane juriya, kowane kira mai ƙarewa, da kowane takaddun abu. Yana motsa aikin daga ƙirƙira mai sauƙi zuwa gudummawar injiniyoyi. Kuma wannan, a ƙarshe, shine abin da ke raba mai samar da kayayyaki daga abokin haɗin gwiwar masana'antu na gaskiya don masana'antar likita.
