Lokacin da kuka ji 'daidaitaccen simintin saka hannun jarin da aka rasa', yawancin suna tunanin kawai yin sifofi masu rikitarwa ne. Wannan shine saman. Ainihin labarin yana cikin yaƙi don amincin girman girman, yaƙi da murɗawar harsashi yumbu, da ci gaba da tattaunawa tsakanin halayen gami da damuwa na thermal. Ba sihiri ba ne; sarkar daidaitawa ce.
Wasan Shell: Inda An Yi Nasara Ko Bace
Kowa ya damu da tsarin kakin zuma, kuma tabbas, allura mai kyau ita ce farkon. Amma ginin harsashi? Wannan shi ne mai tabbatar da shiru. Na ga shaguna suna zub da kuɗi a cikin manyan samfuran bugu na 3D kawai don rasa duk ma'anar gefen a cikin rigar tsoma ta farko. Dankin slurry, girman hatsin stucco da ilimin halittar jiki - sami wannan kuskure, kuma kuna gasa cikin murdiya daga rana ɗaya. Harsashi ba kawai m; corset ne na tsari a lokacin zuba da kuma shinge yayin sanyaya. Idan haɓakar zafinta ba ta da ɗan alaƙa da za a iya faɗi da ƙarfen ku, kuna bin wutsiyar ku akan haƙuri.
Ɗauki ramin gama gari: ɗaukan harsashi mai kauri koyaushe shine mafi kyau don kwanciyar hankali. Don yin simintin ƙarfe mai nauyi, ƙila. Amma ga bangaren sararin samaniya mai katanga mai katanga a cikin babban abin da ke da nickel, wani harsashi mai tsauri zai iya haifar da tsagewar zafi yayin da yake takurawa. Kuna buƙatar harsashi mai ƙarfi don ɗaukar ƙarfe, amma tare da isasshen 'ba' a daidai zafin jiki. Wannan shine inda tsarin ɗaure mai mallakar mallaka da aikace-aikacen stucco mai ɗorewa daga ƙwararrun masanan ke haifar da bambanci. Yana da ji da gogewa, ba kawai takaddun takamaiman ba.
Na tuna wani aiki don mahalli na firikwensin turbine, inda ƙayyadaddun ya yi kira ga ± 0.1mm haƙuri akan ƙwayar ciki. Kakin zuma ya kasance cikakke. Mun yi amfani da daidaitaccen gashin fuska na zirconia. Zubawar farko ta kasance a kai a kai a +0.15mm. Batun? Gashin fuskar ya kasance mai saurin amsawa tare da superalloy, yana haifar da ɗan kauri fiye da yadda ake tsammani wanda ya canza girman rami yadda yakamata. Mun canza zuwa gaɗaɗɗen tushen silica na babban slurry - ƙarancin amsawa, ƙarin shingen rashin aiki - kuma mun dawo cikin haƙuri. The madaidaicin asarar kakin saka hannun jari tsari yana cike da waɗannan ƙananan hulɗar.
Halayen Alloy: Abokin Haɗin da Ba a Hassada ba
Magana game da alloys, wannan shine inda ilimin gabaɗaya ya gaza. Daidaitaccen simintin saka hannun jari na 304 bakin karfe shine duniya baya ga yin ta tare da gawa mai tushen cobalt kamar Stellite 6 ko tushen nickel kamar Inconel 718. Ruwan su, abubuwan raguwa, da riƙewar zafi sun bambanta sosai. Ba za ku iya amfani da gating iri ɗaya da falsafar tashi ba.
718, alal misali, yana da wannan babban kewayon daskarewa. Yana so ya samar da micro-porosity idan ba ku sarrafa jagorancin ƙarfafa ƙarfi da ƙarfi ba. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuyar gaske akan aikin baƙin injin farko. Kyakykyawan gamawar saman, ya wuce X-ray, amma ya gaza a gwajin gajiya. An ware matsalar zuwa mahadar abinci mara kyau. Maganin ba kawai ƙara ƙarin ƙarfe ba ne (mafi girma tashi); shi ne game da mayar da ƙofofin don ƙirƙirar ƙarin yanayin zafi mai ci gaba. Dole ne mu kusan yin tunani a baya daga ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi zuwa zuba ruwa.
Shi ya sa tarihin kayan kafuwa ke da mahimmanci. Shago kamar Fasahar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), wanda ya ambaci shekarun da suka gabata tare da kayan haɗi na musamman, ba kawai lissafin kayan ba. Suna yin nuni ga tarin bayanai na yanayin zafi, yanayin zafin zafin harsashi, da ka'idojin sanyaya ga kowane dangi. Wannan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar cibiyar shine abin da ke hana gwaji-da-kuskure masu tsada akan sababbin ayyuka.
Muhadara na Machining: As-Cast vs. Gama
Babu wani bangare da gaske 'daidaici' kai tsaye daga harsashi. Koyaushe akwai alawus ɗin inji. Haƙiƙanin fasaha yana rage shi. Manufar ita ce a sadar da simintin gyaran kafa wanda ya tsaya tsayin daka, tare da danniya kadan, ta yadda lokacin da ya bugi na'urar CNC, ba ta motsa ba tare da annabta ba yayin da kuka yanke ciki.
Na yi jayayya da masu zanen kaya waɗanda suka ba da izinin izinin reza-bakin ciki a ko'ina, kamar 0.5mm. Wannan fantasy ne ga yawancin geometries. Yana sanya matsa lamba mai wuya akan tsarin simintin gyare-gyare kuma galibi yana haifar da guntuwa yayin yin injina lokacin da kayan aikin kawai ya sumbaci wani wuri da ya ɗan canza. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce hanyar haɗin gwiwa: gano mahimman abubuwan datum da saman rufewa. Riƙe juriya mai tsauri da kyakkyawan gamawa ga waɗanda ke cikin aikin simintin gyare-gyare (wani lokaci har ma da siffa mai ɗabi'a), kuma ba da izinin ƙarin kyauta mai karimci akan juzu'i marasa mahimmanci. Wannan shine inda kayan haɗin gwiwar ke haskakawa. Samfurin QSY na bayar da duka biyun zuba jari da CNC machining a ƙarƙashin rufin daya yana nufin madauki martani gajere ne. Ƙungiyar mashin ɗin na iya gaya wa ma'aikatar, Hey, muna ganin daidaitaccen wuri mai wuya akan wannan flange, kuma za su iya gano shi zuwa batun sanyaya na gida a cikin ƙirar.
Mun taɓa samun jikin bawul inda shuwagabannin zaren simintin su ke cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai, amma yayin bugawa, kayan aikin kan yi yawo lokaci-lokaci. Mai laifi? Ba kuskuren girman girman ba, amma ƴan gungu na ƙananan porosity waɗanda ba su da yawa don nunawa akan X-ray amma sun canza ƙarfin yanke. Gyaran yana daidaita hawan gida don inganta ƙarfin jagoranci ga waɗannan shugabannin. Maganin simintin gyare-gyare ne ga matsalar inji.
Tunanin Kayan aiki: Dijital zuwa Jiki
Yunkurin masana'antar zuwa 3D bugu na kakin zuma ko tsarin guduro juyin juya hali ne, amma ba a fahimce shi ba. Yana da ban sha'awa ga samfura da hadaddun dunƙule na ciki. Domin girma samar, gargajiya karfe tooling for kakin zuma allura ne har yanzu sarki ga daidaito da surface gama. Maganar ita ce zabar hanya madaidaiciya.
Tsarin dijital yana da mahimmanci, kodayake. Cikakken samfurin CAD yana nufin kome ba idan mai zanen kayan aiki bai yi la'akari da abubuwan raguwa daidai ba. Kuma ba daidai ba ne. Yana da anisotropic - daban-daban a cikin gatura daban-daban dangane da juzu'i na juzu'i da kamewa daga harsashi. Kyawawan kafuwar suna amfani da gyare-gyaren abubuwan raguwa, sau da yawa daga bayanan tarihin nasu akan siffofi iri ɗaya da gami. Suna gina ramuwa a cikin kayan aiki tun daga farko. Wannan gyaran riga-kafi alama ce ta gaskiya madaidaicin rasa kakin zuma aiki.
Na tuna kimanta mai kaya don jerin abubuwan da ke motsa famfo. Samfurin dillali ɗaya yana da kyawawan saman sararin sama amma ya gaza gwajin kwarara. Mun yi taswirorin su kuma muka iske bayanan martabar vane an kashe su da wayo- an daidaita tsarin tare da ma'aunin raguwa iri ɗaya. Wani mai siyarwa, wanda ya yi irin wannan aikin a baya, ya yi amfani da ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'auni, yana ƙara kauri mai ƙima a cikin takurawar cibiyar tsakiya. An yi simintin gyare-gyaren su ga takamaiman. Wannan shine boyayyen ilimi.
Nagarta Tsari ne, Ba Bincike ba
A ƙarshe, ba a tabbatar da daidaito a ƙarshe; an gina shi a kowane mataki. Yana da yanayin da ake sarrafawa na dakin kakin zuma (zazzabi, zafi). Yana da ƙwaƙƙwaran duba manyan taruka kafin harsashi. Ƙirar harbi ce da aka rubuta na autoclave don lalatawa da kuma tanderun da aka yi amfani da ita don sintiri. Bambance-bambancen zafin harsashin harsashi na iya canza ƙarfinsa da ƙarfinsa, yana haifar da ɓarna ko fashe harsashi yayin zuba.
Ayyukan bayan simintin gyare-gyare ma suna da mahimmanci. Yaya ake yanke sassan bishiyar? Ƙaƙwalwar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafa na iya haifar da damuwa da ƙananan fashewa idan ba a yi a hankali ba. Maganin zafi wani filin naki ne. Magani magance hadadden simintin gyaran kafa don inganta kayan gami ba tare da haifar da rugujewar fada ko sikelin da ke lalata saman ba shine ma'auni mai laushi.
Wannan cikakken ra'ayi shine ke raba sashin mai kaya da abokin aikin masana'anta. Lokacin da kamfani kamar QSY Ya jaddada shekaru 30 a cikin yin simintin gyare-gyare da injina, ƙa'ida ce ta rayuwa ta waɗannan matsalolin haɗin gwiwa. Wataƙila sun ga yadda canjin yashin harsashi ke shafar injina, ko kuma yadda tweak ɗin jiyya don zafi zai iya adana ɓangarori na sassa masu girma dabam. Wannan shine yanayin duniyar gaske madaidaicin asarar kakin saka hannun jari- mai zurfi, wani lokacin maras kyau, ko da yaushe cikakken fasaha na haɗa masu canji ɗari don buga takarda guda ɗaya, marar gafara. Ba wai kawai game da kakin zuma ba ne.
